{"id":88926,"date":"2025-10-01T00:12:40","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T22:12:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=88926"},"modified":"2025-09-30T15:31:20","modified_gmt":"2025-09-30T13:31:20","slug":"michael-crichtonovo-nepovsimnute-varovani-pred-biotechnologickou-katastrofou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/10\/01\/michael-crichtonovo-nepovsimnute-varovani-pred-biotechnologickou-katastrofou\/","title":{"rendered":"Michael Crichtonovo nepov\u0161imnut\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed biotechnologickou katastrofou"},"content":{"rendered":"
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S v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 000 recenzemi \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f na Amazonu se Crichton\u016fv bestseller sci-fi\u00a0<\/span>Jursk\u00fd park<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(poprv\u00e9 vydan\u00fd v roce 1990) stal kulturn\u00ed senzac\u00ed a dal vzniknout n\u011bkolika \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm film\u016fm, z nich\u017e jeden se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b uv\u00e1d\u00ed v Japonsku. Navzdory popularit\u011b t\u011bchto katastrofick\u00fdch film\u016f o dinosaurech v\u0161ak v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed varov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 Crichton v mnoha sv\u00fdch rom\u00e1nech uv\u00e1d\u00ed o hrozn\u00fdch nebezpe\u010d\u00edch modern\u00edch technologi\u00ed \u2013 zejm\u00e9na biotechnologi\u00ed a genetick\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak to Ian Malcolm uv\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00a0<\/span>Jursk\u00e9m parku<\/span><\/em>\u00a0: \u201eS\u00edla gen\u016f je mnohem siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e s\u00edla atom\u016f\u201c \u2013 a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b i ni\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Tato ni\u010div\u00e1 s\u00edla se v glob\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku projevila b\u011bhem krize COVID, kterou spustil jak zd\u00e1nliv\u011b bioin\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00fd patogen, tak geneticky modifikovan\u00e1 injekce propagovan\u00e1 k boji proti n\u011bmu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Crichtonovy rom\u00e1ny a filmy se zam\u011b\u0159ovaly na katastrofy zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 technologiemi mimo kontrolu \u2013 technologiemi, kter\u00e9 se vymykaj\u00ed kontrole sv\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch tv\u016frc\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ve sv\u00e9m filmu\u00a0<\/span>Westworld<\/span><\/em>\u00a0z roku 1973 Crichton zobrazuje z\u00e1bavn\u00ed park s fale\u0161n\u00fdm westernov\u00fdm m\u011bste\u010dkem pln\u00fdm humanoidn\u00edch robot\u016f. K hr\u016fze program\u00e1tor\u016f se roboti vymknou jejich kontrole a za\u010dnou brut\u00e1ln\u011b vra\u017edit n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale tito destruktivn\u00ed roboti byli pouze um\u011bl\u00fdmi simulacemi. Kdy\u017e se v\u0161ak do Crichtonov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f zapoj\u00ed samotn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edroda, chaos se st\u00e1v\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm. Pro Crichtona je p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed sv\u011bt mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nekontrolovateln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 s v\u00fdsledkem, \u017ee lidsk\u00e1 manipulace t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nevyhnuteln\u011b vede ke katastrofick\u00fdm n\u00e1sledk\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Crichton sv\u016fj postoj jasn\u011b vyjad\u0159uje v \u00favodu sv\u00e9ho rom\u00e1nu\u00a0<\/span>Prey<\/span><\/em>\u00a0z roku 2002 , kter\u00fd se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 biologicky zalo\u017eenou nanotechnologi\u00ed: \u201eCel\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me biosf\u00e9ra, je tak slo\u017eit\u00fd, \u017ee nem\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159edem zn\u00e1t d\u016fsledky \u010dehokoli, co d\u011bl\u00e1me\u201c \u2013 \u201esiln\u00fd argument pro opatrnost\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

V tomto smyslu \u010din\u00ed ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f: \u201eV ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku jednadvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed se na\u0161e sebeklamn\u00e1 bezohlednost sraz\u00ed s na\u0161\u00ed rostouc\u00ed technologickou moc\u00ed. Jednou z oblast\u00ed, kde k tomu dojde, je bod setk\u00e1n\u00ed nanotechnologi\u00ed, biotechnologi\u00ed a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed. V\u0161echny t\u0159i maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 to, \u017ee do \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed uvol\u0148uj\u00ed samoreplikuj\u00edc\u00ed se entity.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Bioin\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed vir\u016f s funkc\u00ed gain-of-function a samoreplikuj\u00edc\u00ed se mRNA vakc\u00edny dod\u00e1van\u00e9 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm lipidov\u00fdch nano\u010d\u00e1stic nyn\u00ed tuto p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f u\u010dinily skute\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Crichtonov\u00fdm t\u00e9matem nebyla typick\u00e1 sci-fi katastrofa, v n\u00ed\u017e lidstvo zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy k v\u00e1lce nebo jin\u00fdm zl\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm. Sp\u00ed\u0161e cht\u011bl uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee vysoce slo\u017eit\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, jako je biologick\u00fd sv\u011bt, jsou ze sv\u00e9 podstaty nekontrolovateln\u00e9 a n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 k chaotick\u00e9mu kolapsu \u2013 bez ohledu na na\u0161e pokusy je ovl\u00e1dat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mnoho kapitol v\u00a0<\/span>Jursk\u00e9m parku<\/span><\/em>\u00a0nese n\u00e1zev \u201eOvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c \u2013 odkaz na \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed t\u00e9ma Crichtona. Lid\u00e9 v \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch centrech ostrova maj\u00ed pouze iluzi kontroly, kter\u00e1 okam\u017eit\u011b zmiz\u00ed, kdy\u017e sel\u017eou po\u010d\u00edta\u010de nebo se stane n\u011bco neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9ho.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podnikatel John Hammond, tv\u016frce a \u0159editel ostrova, neust\u00e1le tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee \u201ena ostrov\u011b nen\u00ed absolutn\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m\u201c. Matematik Ian Malcolm ho pak naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201evelk\u00fdm bl\u00e1znem\u201c a ostrov popisuje jako \u201enehodu, kter\u00e1 \u010dek\u00e1, a\u017e se stane\u201c. Ve sv\u00fdch minip\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161k\u00e1ch Malcolm vyvrac\u00ed \u201evelkolepou vizi v\u011bdy \u2013 sen o tot\u00e1ln\u00ed kontrole\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m: lidsk\u00e1 neznalost p\u0159\u00edrody. I odborn\u00edci na dinosaury maj\u00ed jen omezen\u00e9 znalosti, zalo\u017een\u00e9 na fosili\u00edch a spekulac\u00edch. Dinosau\u0159i se uk\u00e1zali b\u00fdt mnohem rychlej\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se o\u010dek\u00e1valo \u2013 sledovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou prost\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pomal\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Paleontolog Grant se zpo\u010d\u00e1tku domn\u00edval, \u017ee pterosau\u0159i jsou ne\u0161kodn\u00ed, proto\u017ee se \u017eiv\u00ed rybami. Ve skute\u010dnosti jsou ale teritori\u00e1ln\u00ed a \u00fato\u010d\u00ed na lidi. Podobn\u011b jsme se b\u011bhem pandemie COVID-19 dozv\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee i \u201eodborn\u00edci\u201c mohou b\u00fdt velmi nespolehliv\u00ed, pokud jde o nov\u00e9 biotechnologie, jako jsou injekce mRNA.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00a0<\/span>Jursk\u00e9m parku<\/span><\/em>\u00a0se Crichton o\u010dividn\u011b nezab\u00fdv\u00e1 jen dinosaury. Rom\u00e1n zmi\u0148uje geneticky modifikovan\u00fd virus vztekliny, vyvinut\u00fd (fiktivn\u00ed) spole\u010dnost\u00ed Biosyn, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee nakazit lidi vdechnut\u00edm. Bohu\u017eel se ho n\u011bkdo pokus\u00ed p\u0159epravit v ta\u0161ce v letadle. Ve skute\u010dn\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, v roce 2023, Yale Engineering hrd\u011b oznamuje v\u00fdvoj inhalovateln\u00e9 mRNA vakc\u00edny proti COVIDu s vyu\u017eit\u00edm nano\u010d\u00e1stic.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lidsk\u00e9 slabosti, jako je selh\u00e1n\u00ed, nezodpov\u011bdnost, nepoctivost a chamtivost, katastrofy d\u00e1le zhor\u0161uj\u00ed. V\u00a0<\/span>Jursk\u00e9m parku<\/span><\/em>\u00a0vede pokus o kr\u00e1de\u017e dinosau\u0159\u00edch embry\u00ed k fat\u00e1ln\u00edm nehod\u00e1m a selh\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu. B\u011bhem krize COVID-19 byly v lahvi\u010dk\u00e1ch p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b mRNA vakc\u00edn objeveny fragmenty DNA, kter\u00e9 mohou m\u00edt nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na zdrav\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Crichton byl p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee jak\u00fdkoli pokus o z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fapln\u00e9 kontroly nad p\u0159\u00edrodou, komplexn\u00edmi syst\u00e9my nebo samotn\u00fdmi lidmi je odsouzen k ne\u00fasp\u011bchu. Za uk\u00e1zkov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad pova\u017eoval zaveden\u00ed genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu do lidsk\u00fdch bun\u011bk pomoc\u00ed biotechnologie mRNA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad online p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ka ideologa WEF Yuvala Harariho mi p\u0159ipomn\u011bla Crichtona: Harari popsal lidi jako \u201ehacknuteln\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata\u201c \u2013 bytosti, jejich\u017e genetick\u00fd k\u00f3d nebo mozkov\u00e9 funkce lze manipulovat.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto mnoho aspekt\u016f lidsk\u00e9 biologie z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nedostate\u010dn\u011b pochopeno. Lid\u00e9 jsou mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e po\u010d\u00edta\u010de nebo jin\u00e9 syst\u00e9my vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bkem \u2013 a jak nyn\u00ed, tak i v dohledn\u00e9 budoucnosti, jsou daleko za hranic\u00ed schopnost\u00ed technokrat\u016f s nimi bezpe\u010dn\u011b manipulovat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed tedy divu, \u017ee Crichton\u016fv rom\u00e1n\u00a0<\/span>Ko\u0159ist<\/span><\/em>\u00a0kon\u010d\u00ed pochmurn\u00fdm varov\u00e1n\u00edm:<\/span>
\n\u201eNech\u00e1pali, co d\u011blaj\u00ed. Ob\u00e1v\u00e1m se, \u017ee to bude naps\u00e1no na n\u00e1hrobku lidsk\u00e9 rasy.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Od Bruce W. Davidsona<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 000 recenzemi \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f na Amazonu se Crichton\u016fv bestseller sci-fi\u00a0Jursk\u00fd park\u00a0(poprv\u00e9 vydan\u00fd…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":88927,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[2894,794,7776,1402],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88926"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=88926"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88926\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/88927"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=88926"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=88926"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=88926"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}