{"id":8887,"date":"2022-03-06T06:06:30","date_gmt":"2022-03-06T05:06:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=8887"},"modified":"2022-03-06T06:32:46","modified_gmt":"2022-03-06T05:32:46","slug":"bez-psenice-z-ruska-a-ukrajiny-bude-celit-mnoho-zemi-hladove-krizi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/03\/06\/bez-psenice-z-ruska-a-ukrajiny-bude-celit-mnoho-zemi-hladove-krizi\/","title":{"rendered":"Bez p\u0161enice z Ruska a Ukrajiny bude \u010delit mnoho zem\u00ed hladov\u00e9 krizi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"article-intro\"><strong>Pod\u00edl Ruska a Ukrajiny na sv\u011btov\u00e9m exportu p\u0161enice je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 30 %, sou\u010dasn\u00e1 situace tak hroz\u00ed velk\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my, p\u00ed\u0161e n\u011bmeck\u00fd list Deutsche Wirtschafts Nachrichten.\u00a0Ceny p\u0161enice jsou ji\u017e na historick\u00e9m maximu, z\u00e1soby jsou n\u00edzk\u00e9 a mnoho zem\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v severn\u00ed Africe a na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b, \u010del\u00ed hladov\u00e9 krizi.<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"article-body\">\n<p>Od za\u010d\u00e1tku rusk\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed operace na Ukrajin\u011b se ceny surovin vymkly kontrole, p\u00ed\u0161e n\u011bmeck\u00fd list Deutsche Wirtschafts Nachrichten.\u00a0Spolu s d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi rusk\u00fdmi exportn\u00edmi komoditami, ropou a zemn\u00edm plynem, rostou tak\u00e9 ceny p\u0161enice.<\/p>\n<p>Podle publikace s odkazem na analytika Commerzbank Carstena Fritsche p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 30 % sv\u011btov\u00e9ho exportu p\u0161enice p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na Rusko a Ukrajina.\u00a0Nyn\u00ed jsou od\u0159\u00edznuti od sv\u011btov\u00e9ho trhu.\u00a0To ohro\u017euje probl\u00e9my p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm st\u00e1t\u016f severn\u00ed Afriky a Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu: jsou hlavn\u00edmi odb\u011brateli p\u0161enice a \u010dasto poskytuj\u00ed dotace na chl\u00e9b jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed potravinu.\u00a0Nav\u00edc v nich d\u00edky such\u00e9mu hork\u00e9mu klimatu\u00a0 p\u0161enice neroste.<\/p>\n<p>Krize dod\u00e1vek se kv\u016fli n\u00edzk\u00fdm z\u00e1sob\u00e1m zhor\u0161\u00ed, pokra\u010duje publikace.\u00a0Podle pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho sdru\u017een\u00ed International Grains Council se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 skliz\u0148ov\u00e9 sez\u00f3n\u011b 2021-2022 z\u00e1soby velk\u00fdch export\u00e9r\u016f z EU, Ruska, USA, Kanady, Ukrajiny, Argentiny, Austr\u00e1lie a Kazachst\u00e1nu sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na 57 milion\u016f tun. nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed za posledn\u00edch dev\u011bt let.\u00a0To sta\u010d\u00ed na pokryt\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 popt\u00e1vky po p\u0161enici na 27 dn\u00ed.\u00a0Pokud z v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f odstran\u00edme rusk\u00e9 a ukrajinsk\u00e9 rezervy, zkr\u00e1t\u00ed se toto obdob\u00ed na m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e t\u0159i t\u00fddny.<\/p>\n<p>V prosinci 2021 varovala Deutsche Wirtschafts Nachrichten, \u017ee kdykoli vzroste index cen potravin, vypuknou nepokoje v r\u016fzn\u00fdch regionech po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.\u00a0Takt\u00e9\u017e v nepokoj\u00edch \u201earabsk\u00e9ho jara\u201c v Tunisku sehr\u00e1l hlavn\u00ed roli r\u016fst cen potravin. Tato pozn\u00e1mka se t\u00fdk\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm cen p\u0161enice.\u00a0V listopadu 2016 to bylo asi 113 EUR za tunu.\u00a0V dubnu 2021 st\u00e1la tuna p\u0161enice v\u00edce ne\u017e 165 EUR a v listopadu 2021 vzrostla na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 278 EUR.\u00a0Jak je v publikaci zd\u016frazn\u011bno, tento trend pokra\u010duje a bude zesilovat.<\/p>\n<p>Nejlep\u0161\u00edmi zem\u011bmi vyv\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00edmi p\u0161enici podle hodnoty exportu v roce 2020 byly Rusko se 17,7 % sv\u011btov\u00e9ho trhu, USA a Kanada s 14,1 % ka\u017ed\u00fd, Francie s 10,1 % a Ukrajina s 8 %.<\/p>\n<p>Velkou nezn\u00e1mou prom\u011bnnou v t\u00e9to rovnici je \u010c\u00edna, p\u00ed\u0161e Deutsche Wirtschafts Nachrichten.\u00a0Podle International Grains Council m\u00e1 zem\u011b z\u00e1soby 131 milion\u016f tun p\u0161enice, co\u017e je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovina celkov\u00fdch sv\u011btov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob.\u00a0Tato \u010d\u00edsla je v\u0161ak obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159it, proto\u017ee je vl\u00e1da v Pekingu pova\u017euje za strategicky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1.\u00a0V letech 2005-2006 byly v souvislosti s t\u00edm v \u010c\u00edn\u011b zavedeny minim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdkupn\u00ed ceny s c\u00edlem motivovat \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 farm\u00e1\u0159e k p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0161enice. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu let \u010c\u00edna vyvezla asi milion tun p\u0161enice, v\u010detn\u011b Severn\u00ed Koree.<\/p>\n<p>Zabezpe\u010den\u00ed dod\u00e1vek potravin v \u010c\u00edn\u011b se v posledn\u00edch letech op\u011bt v\u011bnuje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozornost, a tak v roce 2021 Peking poprv\u00e9 po sedmi letech zv\u00fd\u0161il v\u00fdkupn\u00ed ceny obil\u00ed.\u00a0V jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch je zabezpe\u010den\u00ed dod\u00e1vek tak\u00e9 zp\u011bt na po\u0159ad jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee probl\u00e9my s dod\u00e1vkami z pandemie koronaviru a ne\u00farody tla\u010d\u00ed ceny p\u0161enice vzh\u016fru ji\u017e dlouhou dobu.<\/p>\n<p>Za posledn\u00ed dva roky se evropsk\u00e9 futures na p\u0161enici t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zdvojn\u00e1sobily a ned\u00e1vno dos\u00e1hly rekordn\u00ed ceny 390,75 EUR za tunu.\u00a0Americk\u00e1 burza p\u0161enice vzrostla t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o 150 %, cena za bu\u0161l je 13,4 USD \u2013 dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kdy d\u0159\u00edve.<\/p>\n<p>Dan Basset, mana\u017eer poradensk\u00e9 firmy AgResource, je ohledn\u011b situace v z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed potravinami opatrn\u00fd.\u00a0Obecn\u011b je nyn\u00ed nab\u00eddka p\u0161enice omezen\u00e1.\u00a0Pokud m\u00e1 v\u00fdrobce probl\u00e9my, bude nedostatek.\u00a0Experti se nav\u00edc ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee situace na Ukrajin\u011b podle Deutsche Wirtschafts Nachrichten zabr\u00e1n\u00ed rusk\u00fdm a ukrajinsk\u00fdm farm\u00e1\u0159\u016fm letos na ja\u0159e zas\u00edt.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pod\u00edl Ruska a Ukrajiny na sv\u011btov\u00e9m exportu p\u0161enice je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 30 %, sou\u010dasn\u00e1 situace tak&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8891,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1907,1941,2006,2007],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8887"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8887"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8887\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8891"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8887"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8887"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8887"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}