{"id":88729,"date":"2025-09-28T00:17:50","date_gmt":"2025-09-27T22:17:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=88729"},"modified":"2025-09-27T11:48:50","modified_gmt":"2025-09-27T09:48:50","slug":"seymour-hersh-skryte-naklady-umele-inteligence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/09\/28\/seymour-hersh-skryte-naklady-umele-inteligence\/","title":{"rendered":"Seymour Hersh: Skryt\u00e9 n\u00e1klady um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Druh\u00fd d\u00edl t\u0159\u00edd\u00edln\u00e9 s\u00e9rie o knize Kate Crawfordov\u00e9 \u201eAtlas um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence\u201c<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u0161ichni v\u00edme, \u017ee sv\u011btov\u00e9 mocnosti, zejm\u00e9na \u010c\u00edna a Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, d\u016fsledn\u011b up\u0159ednost\u0148ovaly ekonomickou prosperitu p\u0159ed \u010dist\u00fdm vzduchem a \u010distou vodou. Trumpova administrativa to za\u0161la tak daleko, \u017ee prakticky feti\u0161izovala svou otev\u0159enou nen\u00e1vist k jak\u00e9koli legislativ\u011b, kter\u00e1 by mohla up\u0159ednostnit \u010dist\u00fd vzduch a vodu p\u0159ed zisky korporac\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tich\u00fdmi p\u00e1ny tohoto dvoj\u00edho metru, p\u00ed\u0161e Kate Crawford v\u00a0<\/span>knize Atlas of AI<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, jsou glob\u00e1ln\u00ed spole\u010dnosti zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed. Usilovn\u011b pracuj\u00ed na p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00fdtu o AI jako \u201ecloudu\u201c \u2013 n\u011b\u010dem plovouc\u00edm, lehk\u00e9m, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zelen\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed. Ve skute\u010dnosti jsou v\u0161ak servery skryty v nen\u00e1padn\u00fdch datov\u00fdch centrech, jejich\u017e emise zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek jsou mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b viditeln\u00e9 ne\u017e kou\u0159 z uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren.<\/span><\/p>\n

Crawford ve skute\u010dnosti tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee \u201ek provozu infrastruktury Amazon Web Services nebo Microsoft Azure je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie \u2013 a uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 stopa syst\u00e9m\u016f um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence na t\u011bchto platform\u00e1ch rapidn\u011b roste.\u201c A\u010dkoli odv\u011btv\u00ed vynakl\u00e1d\u00e1 zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti datov\u00fdch center a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pod\u00edlu obnoviteln\u00e9 energie, dopad je omezen\u00fd. Crawford uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u201euhl\u00edkov\u00e1 stopa glob\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed infrastruktury ji\u017e dos\u00e1hla \u00farovn\u011b leteck\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu na jeho vrcholu \u2013 a roste je\u0161t\u011b rychleji.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Kanadsk\u00e1 studie odhaduje, \u017ee technologick\u00fd sektor bude do roku 2040 zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za\u00a0<\/span>14 procent celosv\u011btov\u00fdch emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. \u0160v\u00e9dsk\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee popt\u00e1vka po elekt\u0159in\u011b v datov\u00fdch centrech se do roku 2030 zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>patn\u00e1ctin\u00e1sobn\u011b<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rychlost a p\u0159esnost \u2013 na \u00fakor planety<\/span><\/h3>\n

Crawford \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee nevyhnuteln\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br zn\u00ed: \u201eSnaha o exponenci\u00e1ln\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rychlost a p\u0159esnost m\u00e1 pro na\u0161i planetu vysokou cenu.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Cituje studii Univerzity Massachusetts Amherst z roku 2019: Tr\u00e9nink jedin\u00e9ho modelu um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho jazyka (NLP) s\u00e1m o sob\u011b generuje p\u0159es\u00a0<\/span>660 000 liber emis\u00ed CO\u2082<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 125 zp\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm let\u016fm z New Yorku do \u010c\u00edny.<\/span><\/p>\n

A i to je podle v\u011bdc\u016f jen z\u00e1kladn\u00ed hodnota \u2013 nepo\u010d\u00edtaje pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd rozsah, v jak\u00e9m p\u016fsob\u00ed Amazon nebo Apple. Tyto spole\u010dnosti shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 sady dat z cel\u00e9ho internetu, aby vylep\u0161ily syst\u00e9my jako Siri nebo Alexa. P\u0159esn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie se p\u0159i tom spot\u0159ebuje, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nezn\u00e1m\u00e9: \u201eTyto informace jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b st\u0159e\u017een\u00e9 firemn\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed. I zde je datov\u00e1 ekonomika zalo\u017eena na systematick\u00e9m udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed environment\u00e1ln\u00ed nev\u011bdomosti.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Datov\u00e1 centra: skryt\u00ed \u017erouti energie<\/span><\/h3>\n

Datov\u00e1 centra s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed se neust\u00e1le sna\u017e\u00ed maximalizovat v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed cykly \u2013 v souladu se z\u00e1sadou \u201ev\u011bt\u0161\u00ed znamen\u00e1 lep\u0161\u00ed\u201c. To vede k prudce rostouc\u00ed spot\u0159eb\u011b energie. Dnes pat\u0159\u00ed tato centra k nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm elekt\u0159iny na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale nejen energie, roli hraje i voda. \u201eHistorie vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vody ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech je pln\u00e1 boj\u016f a tajn\u00fdch dohod,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e Crawford \u2013 podobn\u011b jako historie po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 infrastruktury.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jeden p\u0159\u00edklad: gigantick\u00e9 datov\u00e9 centrum N\u00e1rodn\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed agentury (NSA)<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0v Bluffdale v Utahu bylo otev\u0159eno v roce 2013. Je to nen\u00e1padn\u00fd betonov\u00fd komplex, ale v oblasti podobn\u00e9 pou\u0161ti je obrovsk\u00fdm spot\u0159ebitelem vody. Odhady hovo\u0159\u00ed o\u00a0<\/span>1,7 milionu galon\u016f vody denn\u011b<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u010d\u00edslo, kter\u00e9 nebylo nikdy ofici\u00e1ln\u011b potvrzeno.<\/span><\/p>\n

Crawford\u016fv kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd bod: Nejde jen o vodu. Jde o\u00a0<\/span>izolaci<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0takov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e vojensk\u00fdch nebo komer\u010dn\u00edch. Nach\u00e1zej\u00ed se daleko od velk\u00fdch m\u011bst, skryt\u00e1 v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch oblastech nebo pou\u0161t\u00edch, a proto p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k tomu, \u017ee \u201ecloud\u201c p\u016fsob\u00ed abstraktn\u011b a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nehmotn\u011b. Ve skute\u010dnosti je vysoce hmotn\u00fd, spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 zdroje a m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd dopad na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a klima \u2013 mnohem v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro\u010d zrovna Crawfordova kniha?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Sv\u016fj motiv popisuje takto: \u201eNalezen\u00ed nov\u00fdch metod k pochopen\u00ed hlubok\u00fdch materi\u00e1ln\u00edch a lidsk\u00fdch ko\u0159en\u016f syst\u00e9m\u016f um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence je v tomto historick\u00e9m okam\u017eiku \u2013 kdy d\u016fsledky klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn vyvolan\u00fdch \u010dlov\u011bkem ji\u017e d\u00e1vno prob\u00edhaj\u00ed \u2013 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale to se sn\u00e1ze \u0159ekne, ne\u017e ud\u011bl\u00e1:<\/span><\/p>\n