{"id":88642,"date":"2025-09-26T07:33:55","date_gmt":"2025-09-26T05:33:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=88642"},"modified":"2025-09-26T07:33:55","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T05:33:55","slug":"utoky-zharstvi-zastrasovani-prava-tvar-antify","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/09\/26\/utoky-zharstvi-zastrasovani-prava-tvar-antify\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00datoky, \u017eh\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, zastra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed: Prav\u00e1 tv\u00e1\u0159 Antify"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Donald Trump ozna\u010dil Antifu v USA za teroristickou organizaci. Tento krok ji\u017e d\u00e1vno vyvolal mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed rozruch \u2013 a vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky: I v N\u011bmecku n\u00e1siln\u00ed levicov\u00ed extremist\u00e9 st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji operuj\u00ed pod ozna\u010den\u00edm \u201eAntifa\u201c. S \u00fatoky na politick\u00e9 oponenty, policii a infrastrukturu se toto hnut\u00ed ji\u017e d\u00e1vno stalo v\u00edce ne\u017e pouh\u00fdm \u201eprotestem\u201c. Kritici proto po\u017eaduj\u00ed, aby byl probl\u00e9m kone\u010dn\u011b jasn\u011b identifikov\u00e1n \u2013 a aby byly p\u0159ijaty rozhodn\u00e9 kroky.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V N\u011bmecku byl \u201eantifa\u0161ismus\u201c zaveden na za\u010d\u00e1tku 20. let 20. stolet\u00ed Komunistickou stranou N\u011bmecka (KPD) jako\u00a0<\/span>bojov\u00fd pok\u0159ik proti kapitalismu<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

I b\u011bhem \u00e9ry n\u00e1rodn\u011b socialistick\u00e9 \u00e9ry existoval vedle n\u011bj\u00a0<\/span>bur\u017eoazn\u011b-liber\u00e1ln\u00ed antifa\u0161ismus<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, kter\u00fd se zasazoval o demokracii, pr\u00e1vn\u00ed st\u00e1t a lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va \u2013 to, co si dnes mnoz\u00ed spojuj\u00ed s bojem proti neonacismu a pravicov\u00e9mu extremismu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Antifa 1932 \u2013 kolektivn\u00ed hnut\u00ed KPD<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u201e Antifa\u0161istick\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>akce\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0byla vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena KPD v roce 1932 \u2013\u00a0<\/span>nejednalo se o pevnou organizaci<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, ale o kolektivn\u00ed hnut\u00ed nalevo od SPD, kter\u00e9 vedlo k\u00a0<\/span>n\u00e1siln\u00fdm pouli\u010dn\u00edm boj\u016fm<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0s nacistick\u00fdmi bojov\u00fdmi jednotkami v z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi V\u00fdmarsk\u00e9 republiky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Historick\u00e9 logo:\u00a0<\/span>dv\u011b rud\u00e9 vlajky<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, jedna pro KPD a jedna pro socialistickou z\u00e1kladnu SPD (veden\u00ed strany SPD bylo samotnou KPD hanobeno jako \u201efa\u0161istick\u00e9\u201c).<\/span><\/p>\n

Antifa\u0161ist\u00e9 a rekonvalescence n\u011bmeck\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zajatc\u016f<\/span><\/h3>\n

Takzvan\u00e9 \u201eantifa\u0161istick\u00e9 t\u00e1borov\u00e9 v\u00fdbory\u201c v sov\u011btsk\u00fdch zajateck\u00fdch t\u00e1borech byly tak\u00e9 ozna\u010dov\u00e1ny jako \u201eAntifa\u201c. Tyto org\u00e1ny byly z\u0159\u00edzeny sov\u011btsk\u00fdm veden\u00edm v \u00fazk\u00e9 koordinaci s N\u00e1rodn\u00edm v\u00fdborem pro svobodn\u00e9 N\u011bmecko (NKFD).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jejich c\u00edlem bylo ideologicky p\u0159e\u0161kolit n\u011bmeck\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 zajatce a vyu\u017e\u00edt je k propagandistick\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Propaganda se zam\u011b\u0159ovala p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed z reproduktor\u016f a shazov\u00e1n\u00ed let\u00e1k\u016f, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem bylo nab\u00e1dat p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky Wehrmachtu \u2013 voj\u00e1ky i d\u016fstojn\u00edky \u2013 k p\u0159eb\u011bhnut\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Antifa\u0161ist\u00e9 a denacifikace<\/span><\/h3>\n

Po skon\u010den\u00ed druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky spojili sv\u00e9 s\u00edly p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed antifa\u0161ist\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho sm\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed ve v\u0161ech \u010dty\u0159ech okupa\u010dn\u00edch z\u00f3n\u00e1ch (francouzsk\u00e9, britsk\u00e9, americk\u00e9 a sov\u011btsk\u00e9) v pora\u017een\u00e9m N\u011bmecku. Zalo\u017eili tak\u00e9 stovky antifa\u0161istick\u00fdch ak\u010dn\u00edch v\u00fdbor\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jejich z\u00e1m\u011brem bylo prosazovat komplexn\u00ed denacifikaci ve v\u0161ech oblastech n\u011bmeck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159ekonat rozpory uvnit\u0159 levicov\u00fdch stran. Podle z\u00e1padn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu existovalo ve \u010dty\u0159ech okupa\u010dn\u00edch z\u00f3n\u00e1ch nejm\u00e9n\u011b 137 m\u00edstn\u00edch a region\u00e1ln\u00edch skupin Antifa. V\u00fdzkum NDR odhadoval nejm\u00e9n\u011b 500 takov\u00fdch sdru\u017een\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed skupina Antifa v NDR<\/span><\/h3>\n

V NDR, konkr\u00e9tn\u011bji ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm Berl\u00edn\u011b, vznikla prvn\u00ed skupina Antifa v r\u00e1mci \u201eC\u00edrkve zdola\u201c v \u00fanoru 1989. \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tato skupina se mobilizovala proti pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 neonacistick\u00e9 akci u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Hitlerov\u00fdch narozenin 20. dubna. Tato iniciativa dala v kv\u011btnu t\u00e9ho\u017e roku vzniknout hnut\u00ed \u201eAutonomn\u00ed Antifa Berl\u00edn (V\u00fdchod)\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eDemokratick\u00fd\u201c antifa\u0161ismus<\/span><\/h3>\n

Term\u00edn \u201eantifa\u0161ismus\u201c dnes nen\u00ed v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jasn\u00fd, ale odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed velmi odli\u0161n\u00e9, dokonce protich\u016fdn\u00e9 my\u0161lenky.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b existuje demokratick\u00e1 linie nam\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 proti neonacismu, pravicov\u00e9mu extremistick\u00e9mu n\u00e1sil\u00ed a v\u0161em form\u00e1m dikt\u00e1torsk\u00fdch tendenc\u00ed. Jej\u00edm z\u00e1kladem je Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed z\u00e1kon. H\u00e1j\u00ed principy pr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u00e1tu, pluralismu a svobody projevu a ch\u00e1pe antifa\u0161ismus jako nepostradatelnou sou\u010d\u00e1st demokratick\u00e9 kultury.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V tomto pojet\u00ed antifa\u0161ismus neznamen\u00e1 nic v\u00edc a nic m\u00ed\u0148 ne\u017e ochranu liber\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du a lidsk\u00e9 d\u016fstojnosti p\u0159ed nebezpe\u010d\u00edm autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch, misantropick\u00fdch ideologi\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak se \u201edemokratick\u00e1 levice\u201c spol\u010duje s \u201elevicov\u00fdmi extremisty\u201c<\/span><\/h3>\n

V politick\u00e9 realit\u011b je v\u0161ak hranice mezi demokraticky ch\u00e1pan\u00fdm antifa\u0161ismem a jeho levicov\u011b extremistickou formou \u010dasto rozmazan\u00e1. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, radik\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, levicov\u011b extremistick\u00fdm antifa\u0161ismem.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Zejm\u00e9na v politick\u00fdch debat\u00e1ch a demonstrac\u00edch je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee tyto dva proudy nejsou od sebe v\u017edy jasn\u011b odd\u011bleny.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkdy tedy doch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159ekr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e akt\u00e9\u0159i v t\u00e9to oblasti p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed stejn\u00e9 symboly nebo slogany, kter\u00e9 jsou roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 i v n\u00e1siln\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b. Kritici si st\u011b\u017euj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>, \u017ee to \u010din\u00ed levicov\u011b extremistick\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby my\u0161len\u00ed a jedn\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010densky p\u0159ijateln\u00fdmi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

I v r\u00e1mci zaveden\u00fdch stran, jako jsou Zelen\u00ed nebo Levicov\u00e1 strana, lze znovu a znovu pozorovat tendence, kter\u00e9 vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z autonomn\u00edho hnut\u00ed \u201eAntifa\u201c,<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0nebo alespo\u0148 p\u0159ej\u00edmaj\u00ed jeho argumenta\u010dn\u00ed vzorce. SPD nen\u00ed v\u00fdjimkou.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eAntifa. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b.\u201c<\/span><\/h3>\n

V \u010dervnu 2020 se na tituln\u00ed str\u00e1nky novin dostal tweet tehdej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b SPD Saskie Eskenov\u00e9: S odkazem na sv\u016fj v\u011bk napsala:\u00a0<\/span>\u201e58 a Antifa. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b.\u201c\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1tce nato v\u00fdkonn\u00fd v\u00fdbor SPD vydal prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed:\u00a0<\/span>\u201e157 a Antifa. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b.\u201c<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Po ostr\u00e9 kritice Eskenov\u00e1 objasnila sv\u016fj postoj: Odm\u00edt\u00e1 jak reinterpretaci term\u00ednu \u201eAntifa\u201c Novou pravic\u00ed, tak jeho p\u0159ivlast\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1siln\u00fdmi levicov\u00fdmi okrajov\u00fdmi skupinami. N\u00e1sil\u00ed v jak\u00e9koli form\u011b je odsouzen\u00edhodn\u00e9 a mus\u00ed b\u00fdt st\u00edh\u00e1no. Pro ni \u201eAntifa\u201c z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pouze zkratkou pro antifa\u0161ismus.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jen tv\u00e1\u0159n\u00e1 prezentace?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento p\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm jasn\u011b ukazuje, jak \u00fazce \u010d\u00e1sti politick\u00e9 levice pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed term\u00edn \u201eAntifa\u201c \u2013 a jak snadno lze vn\u00edmat bl\u00edzkost k levicov\u00e9mu extremismu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledek: Zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed proti pravicov\u00e9mu extremismu tak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt instrumentalizov\u00e1no ur\u010dit\u00fdmi silami\u00a0<\/span>s c\u00edlem, kter\u00fd nem\u00e1 nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s posilov\u00e1n\u00edm demokracie, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e s jej\u00edm oslabov\u00e1n\u00edm \u2013 ba dokonce s bojem proti n\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eLevicov\u011b extremistick\u00fd\u201c antifa\u0161ismus<\/span><\/h3>\n

V t\u00e9to souvislosti nen\u00ed \u201efa\u0161ismus\u201c prim\u00e1rn\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako pravicov\u00e1 extremistick\u00e1 ideologie nebo hnut\u00ed; sp\u00ed\u0161e je interpretov\u00e1n jako nejextr\u00e9mn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nejbrut\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejreak\u010dn\u00edj\u0161\u00ed forma kapitalismu. Demokracie, pr\u00e1vn\u00ed st\u00e1t a tr\u017en\u00ed ekonomika se v tomto v\u00fdkladu jev\u00ed nikoli jako \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b svobody, ale jako neodd\u011bliteln\u00fd syst\u00e9m \u00fatlaku a vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kapitalistick\u00fd st\u00e1t je interpretov\u00e1n jako n\u00e1stroj vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy, kter\u00fd reprodukuje soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nerovnost, nacionalismus a imperialismus.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00edlem tohoto hnut\u00ed tedy nen\u00ed reforma st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du,\u00a0<\/span>ale jeho \u00fapln\u00e9 svr\u017een\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Antifa\u0161ismus se st\u00e1v\u00e1 revolu\u010dn\u00edm bojov\u00fdm pok\u0159ikem nam\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm proti st\u00e1tu a spole\u010dnosti jako celku, nejen proti neonacismu \u010di pravicov\u00fdm extremist\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00edt\u011b Antifa\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Podle Feder\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu pro ochranu \u00fastavy neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>celost\u00e1tn\u00ed hnut\u00ed \u201eAntifa\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. Existuj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>m\u00edstn\u00ed skupiny a iniciativy<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, kter\u00e9 se\u00a0<\/span>do\u010dasn\u011b<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0spoj\u00ed a pot\u00e9 se rozpadnou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b s\u00edt\u011b \u201eAntifa-Ost\u201c v\u0161ak existuje i \u201eAntifaschistische Aktion S\u00fcd\u201c (\u201eAntifa S\u00fcd\u201c), zalo\u017een\u00e1 na konci roku 2021,\u00a0<\/span>se zaveden\u00fdmi strukturami a \u010dlensk\u00fdmi skupinami, jej\u00edm\u017e dlouhodob\u00fdm c\u00edlem je vznik celost\u00e1tn\u00ed \u201eAntify\u201c.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0To ji jasn\u011b odli\u0161uje od ostatn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed \u201eAntify\u201c, kter\u00e9 dosud fungovaly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako mal\u00e9 skupiny nebo v s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ch.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad pro ochranu \u00fastavy uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201eForm\u00e1ln\u00ed sdru\u017een\u00ed lze vn\u00edmat jako novou formu propojen\u00ed antifa\u0161isticky motivovan\u00fdch akt\u00e9r\u016f a\u00a0<\/span>skr\u00fdv\u00e1 v sob\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1l pro eskalaci (…). Krom\u011b verb\u00e1ln\u00ed militantnosti se tato skupina ji\u017e ob\u010das\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>dopustila zna\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1siln\u00fdch v\u00fdtr\u017enost\u00ed proti policii<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0b\u011bhem shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed .\u00a0\u201c\u00a0<\/span>\u201ePodpora \u201aantifa\u0161istick\u00fdch\u2018 n\u00e1siln\u00fdch pachatel\u016f (…) na levicov\u00e9 extremistick\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b je tak\u00e9 vysok\u00e1.\u201c\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad pro ochranu \u00fastavy zve\u0159ejnil ve sv\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b z roku 2024 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed diagram:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
Citace obr\u00e1zku\/sn\u00edmek obrazovky:\u00a0<\/span>https:\/\/www.bmi.bund.de\/SharedDocs\/downloads\/DE\/publikationen\/themen\/sicherheit\/BMI25029-vsb2024.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=5<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(str. 188)<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Mimochodem:\u00a0<\/span>Dne\u0161n\u00ed symbol Antify<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(dv\u011b vlajky naklon\u011bn\u00e9 diagon\u00e1ln\u011b doprava) nep\u0159edstavuje\u00a0<\/span>ob\u010dansko<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0-demokratickou anga\u017eovanost, ale signalizuje\u00a0<\/span>odd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed se od \u201est\u00e1tem podporovan\u00e9ho\u201c antiextremismu<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n