{"id":88383,"date":"2025-09-23T00:19:32","date_gmt":"2025-09-22T22:19:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=88383"},"modified":"2025-09-22T12:14:08","modified_gmt":"2025-09-22T10:14:08","slug":"zbynek-fiala-at-plati-bohati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/09\/23\/zbynek-fiala-at-plati-bohati\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbyn\u011bk Fiala: A\u0165 plat\u00ed bohat\u00ed!"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Francouzsk\u00fd st\u00e1tn\u00ed dluh u\u017e m\u00e1 stejnou \u00farokovou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e jako italsk\u00fd a n\u00e1klady tohoto dluhu se mohou p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit 5 procent\u016fm HDP, se kter\u00fdmi se hauz\u00edruje na obranu. M\u00e1 se to hojit \u0161krty ve zdravotnictv\u00ed, \u0161kolstv\u00ed nebo penzist\u016fm? Gabriel Zucman navrhuje m\u00edsto toho da\u0148 z velk\u00e9ho bohatstv\u00ed. Nejen ve Francii.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Francouzsk\u00e1 velmocensk\u00e1 politika, pravideln\u00e9 svol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed summit\u016f ochotn\u00fdch, kte\u0159\u00ed to Putinovi nat\u0159ou, stejn\u011b jako v\u00fdzvy k\u00a0drastick\u00e9mu zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fddaj\u016f na evropsk\u00e9 zbrojen\u00ed (p\u0159ichucen\u00e9 drobe\u010dky jadern\u00e9 moci \u017eabojed\u016f) jsou jen pozl\u00e1tkem dom\u00e1c\u00ed b\u00eddy. P\u0159\u00edslove\u010dn\u00fdm svrchn\u00edm huj, pod kter\u00fdm je fuj.<\/p>\n

Francie na to nem\u00e1, je d\u011bsiv\u011b zadlu\u017een\u00e1. Zem\u011b pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed krizi, kter\u00e1 je nejhor\u0161\u00ed od vzniku euroz\u00f3ny. St\u00e1tn\u00ed dluh se \u0161kr\u00e1be ke 115 procent\u016fm HDP a pokusy \u0159e\u0161it to \u0161krty penz\u00ed, zdravotnictv\u00ed a \u0161kolstv\u00ed vyhnaly ve \u010dtvrtek do ulic obrovsk\u00e9 protesty. Spojovalo je jednoduch\u00e9 heslo: A\u0165 plat\u00ed bohat\u00ed!<\/p>\n

My\u0161lenka m\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed podobu n\u00e1vrhu dan\u011b z bohatstv\u00ed, kter\u00fd u\u017e l\u00e9ta prosazuje francouzsk\u00fd ekonom Gabriel Zucman. Podobn\u011b jako Thomas Piketti nebo Emmanuel Saez u\u010d\u00ed jak v\u00a0Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei, tak na Kalifornsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b a rad\u00ed jak francouzsk\u00e9, tak americk\u00e9 levici.<\/p>\n

Velk\u00fdm t\u00e9matem t\u00e9to skupiny vlivn\u00fdch ekonom\u016f je r\u016fst nerovnosti spolu s\u00a0pot\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm iluz\u00ed, \u017ee je vykoupena produktivitou a konkurenceschopnost\u00ed. Ve skute\u010dnosti se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho, \u010demu dal Zucman (ve spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0doktorandsk\u00fdm \u0161kolitelem\u00a0Pikettim) korektn\u00ed n\u00e1zev Skryt\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed n\u00e1rod\u016f (The Hidden Wealth of Nations, 2013<\/em>). Podstatn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st n\u00e1rodn\u00edho bohatstv\u00ed je skryt\u00e1, proto\u017ee je odklon\u011bn\u00e1, drsn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno ukraden\u00e1 malou skupinou t\u011bch nejbohat\u0161\u00edch, kte\u0159\u00ed odkopnou pot\u0159eby n\u00e1roda prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm da\u0148ov\u00fdch r\u00e1j\u016f a nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch finan\u010dn\u00edch trik\u016f.<\/p>\n

Zucman te\u010f opr\u00e1\u0161il n\u00e1vrh, a\u0165 osoby s\u00a0majetkem nad 100 milion\u016f eur plat\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed da\u0148 ze sv\u00e9ho bohatstv\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i dvou procent ro\u010dn\u011b. A Sebastien Lecornu, nov\u00fd Macron\u016fv nominant na premi\u00e9ra, je v\u00a0kle\u0161t\u00edch, proto\u017ee socialistick\u00e1 levice, bez kter\u00e9 nebude m\u00edt dost hlas\u016f pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry v\u00a0N\u00e1rodn\u00edm shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed podmi\u0148uje svoji podporu p\u0159ijet\u00edm tohoto n\u00e1vrhu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak p\u0159ijde o hlasy \u010d\u00e1sti pravice, kter\u00e1 politicky obsluhuje nejmajetn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvy.<\/p>\n

Do hry v\u0161ak mohou vstoupit i jin\u00e9 po\u010dty. Po ulic\u00edch b\u011bhaj\u00ed statis\u00edce lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed sice v\u00a0parlamentu nemaj\u00ed hlas, ale \u2013 jak historie u\u010d\u00ed \u2013 v\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00fdch chv\u00edl\u00edch jsou silou, kter\u00e1 rozhoduje. A tam m\u00e1 Zucmanova da\u0148 z\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u00edho bohatstv\u00ed drtivou podporu. Na z\u00e1sadn\u00ed argument upozor\u0148uje den\u00edk Le Monde: Podle st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch pravidel je m\u00edra efektivn\u00edho zdan\u011bn\u00ed nejbohat\u0161\u00edch dvakr\u00e1t ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e m\u00edra zdan\u011bn\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch pl\u00e1tc\u016f.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/politics\/article\/2025\/09\/11\/economist-gabriel-zucman-france-s-new-pm-will-have-to-address-the-proposed-tax-on-the-ultra-rich_6745268_5.html<\/a><\/p>\n

Stejn\u00fd model se prob\u00edr\u00e1 i na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u011b. Zaslou\u017eila se o to skupina G20, kter\u00e1 se systematicky sna\u017e\u00ed o spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esun da\u0148ov\u00e9ho b\u0159emene od bezmocn\u00fdch \u0159adov\u00fdch pl\u00e1tc\u016f k\u00a0t\u011bm, kdo na to maj\u00ed. Te\u010f m\u00e1 tedy na stole Zucman\u016fv n\u00e1vrh koordinovan\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, jak prosadit mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed standard alespo\u0148 minim\u00e1ln\u00edho efektivn\u00edho zdan\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bch nejbohat\u0161\u00edch. Studie\u00a0A blueprint for a coordinated minimum effective taxation standard for ultra-high-net-worth individuals<\/em>\u00a0je k\u00a0p\u0159e\u010dten\u00ed na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Evropsk\u00e9 da\u0148ov\u00e9 observato\u0159e, kde jsou i dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce z\u00a0t\u00e9to kuchyn\u011b.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.taxobservatory.eu\/<\/a><\/p>\n

O stejn\u00fd princip se op\u00edr\u00e1 i aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1vrh pro Francii. Pokud by to v\u0161ak bylo toto zdan\u011bn\u00ed izolovan\u00e9 jen pro tuto zemi, bylo by fakticky dobrovoln\u00e9, proto\u017ee co se doma mus\u00ed, to se jinde nemus\u00ed. Proto Zucman klade takov\u00fd d\u016fraz na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed koordinaci.<\/p>\n

Ve h\u0159e jsou tak\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u00edry zdan\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce a kapit\u00e1lu. Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed trik bohat\u00fdch pl\u00e1tc\u016f p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 dan\u011b spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0tom, \u017ee zdaniteln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem je p\u0159eveden do sv\u011bta kapit\u00e1lu (t\u0159eba jako vklad do n\u011bjak\u00e9ho investi\u010dn\u00edho fondu nebo n\u00e1kupem akci\u00ed), a dos\u00e1hne tak n\u00e1roku na ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed sazby nebo nen\u00ed zdan\u011bn v\u016fbec. V\u00a0Zucmanov\u00fdch prac\u00edch se proto opakuje doporu\u010den\u00ed na sjednocen\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00fdch sazeb pro pracovn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy a kapit\u00e1lov\u00e9 v\u00fdnosy.<\/p>\n

Podstatn\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee skryt\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy mus\u00ed nakonec n\u011bkde skon\u010dit jako majetek, a tomu by m\u011bla odpov\u00eddat majetkov\u00e1 da\u0148.\u00a0\u00a0Ne z\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 pastou\u0161ky, ale z\u00a0pal\u00e1c\u016f, z\u00a0t\u011bch nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch majetk\u016f. Zucman navrhuje hranici 100 milion\u016f euro, ale tohle \u010d\u00edslo u\u017e je v\u011bc\u00ed rozlo\u017een\u00ed politick\u00fdch sil a zdrav\u00e9ho rozumu.<\/p>\n

EU Tax Observatory<\/em>\u00a0pod Zucmanov\u00fdm veden\u00edm se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lou t\u00e9mat, na\u0161ept\u00e1v\u00e1 mi um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence:<\/p>\n