{"id":88001,"date":"2025-09-18T00:17:33","date_gmt":"2025-09-17T22:17:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=88001"},"modified":"2025-09-17T11:25:52","modified_gmt":"2025-09-17T09:25:52","slug":"toxicka-obloha-na-zemi-prsi-z-mraku-plno-toxickych-pesticidu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/09\/18\/toxicka-obloha-na-zemi-prsi-z-mraku-plno-toxickych-pesticidu\/","title":{"rendered":"Toxick\u00e1 obloha: Na Zemi pr\u0161\u00ed z mrak\u016f plno toxick\u00fdch pesticid\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb4c2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-content\" data-id=\"1fb4c2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-content.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p><em><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Studie publikovan\u00e1 tento t\u00fdden v \u010dasopise Environmental Science &amp; Technology jako prvn\u00ed detekovala des\u00edtky zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b insekticid\u016f, herbicid\u016f a fungicid\u016f \u2013 v oblac\u00edch nad Franci\u00ed. Zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky se nakonec vracej\u00ed na Zemi ve form\u011b de\u0161t\u011b nebo sn\u011bhu, n\u011bkdy v koncentrac\u00edch, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 limity pro pitnou vodu.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span dir=\"auto\">V ka\u017ed\u00e9m vzorku oblak\u016f nad Franci\u00ed byly zji\u0161t\u011bny pesticidy, v\u010detn\u011b deseti, kter\u00e9 jsou v Evropsk\u00e9 unii (EU) zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny z d\u016fvodu zdravotn\u00edch obav.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span dir=\"auto\">Dva vzorky p\u0159ekro\u010dily evropsk\u00fd limit pro pitnou vodu.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span dir=\"auto\">Mraky p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ely nejen pesticidy, ale tak\u00e9 nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky a nov\u00e9 produkty rozkladu.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span dir=\"auto\">V\u011bt\u0161ina zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed poch\u00e1zela sp\u00ed\u0161e z rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho \u00faletu pesticid\u016f ne\u017e z m\u00edstn\u00edch farem.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span dir=\"auto\">Francouzsk\u00e9 mraky mohou v dan\u00e9m okam\u017eiku obsahovat 6 a\u017e 139 tun pesticid\u016f.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Pesticidy, kter\u00e9 byly v EU p\u0159ed lety zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny, se vzn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed na obloze a objevuj\u00ed se v oblac\u00edch nad Franci\u00ed, co\u017e\u00a0podle pr\u016flomov\u00e9 nov\u00e9\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40920485\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span dir=\"auto\">studie vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky, jak dlouho tyto toxiny p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed a jak daleko se mohou \u0161\u00ed\u0159it, s potenci\u00e1ln\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dinky na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed zdrav\u00ed.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Studie, publikovan\u00e1 8. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v \u010dasopise Environmental Science &amp; Technology, je prvn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 detekuje des\u00edtky zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b insekticid\u016f, herbicid\u016f, fungicid\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch l\u00e1tek \u2013 suspendovan\u00fdch v kapk\u00e1ch vody v oblac\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Studie nazna\u010duje, \u017ee pesticidy nejen z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 se pohybuj\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rou a vracej\u00ed se zp\u011bt na Zemi s de\u0161t\u011bm nebo sn\u011bhem, n\u011bkdy v koncentrac\u00edch, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 limity pro pitnou vodu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Mraky, d\u0159\u00edve pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za pasivn\u00ed nosi\u010de vody, jsou nyn\u00ed uzn\u00e1v\u00e1ny jako aktivn\u00ed \u010dinitel\u00e9 v transportu a transformaci chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek s p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm dopadem na ekosyst\u00e9my, pitnou vodu a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eKontaminace pesticidy je rostouc\u00edm a alarmuj\u00edc\u00edm probl\u00e9mem jak pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, tak pro lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed,\u201c tvrd\u00ed v\u011bdci.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u201ePesticidy, \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed k huben\u00ed \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f a p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010d\u016f chorob, se v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti v plynn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi, v aerosolech a, jak je zde uk\u00e1z\u00e1no, v oblac\u00edch.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">D\u016fsledky pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed jsou z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na v dob\u011b, kdy se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pesticid\u016f v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed dramaticky zv\u00fd\u0161ilo a toto odv\u011btv\u00ed nad\u00e1le utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed politiku v oblasti pesticid\u016f ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech a dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ned\u00e1vno zpr\u00e1va komise Make America Healthy Again za Trumpovy administrativy posunula priority pr\u016fmyslu t\u00edm, \u017ee ustoupila od slib\u016f o sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pesticid\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Pesticidy, jako je atrazin, jsou spojov\u00e1ny s \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lou potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0161kod, v\u010detn\u011b rakoviny v d\u011btstv\u00ed a dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, neurologick\u00fdch poruch a \u0159ady reproduk\u010dn\u00edch, respira\u010dn\u00edch, metabolick\u00fdch a v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f, od neplodnosti a p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9ho porodu a\u017e po Parkinsonovu chorobu a diabetes 2. typu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Studie zjistila, \u017ee mraky mohou n\u00e9st v sou\u010dasnosti pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pesticidy, dlouho zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 slou\u010deniny a \u201enov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky\u201c \u2013 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie, kter\u00e9 se bu\u010f hromad\u00ed v \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, nebo vznikaj\u00ed p\u0159i rozkladu star\u0161\u00edch pesticid\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">N\u011bkter\u00e9 se dokonce v samotn\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e transformuj\u00ed na nov\u00e9 slou\u010deniny, co\u017e je nad r\u00e1mec toho, co regul\u00e1to\u0159i d\u0159\u00edve zva\u017eovali.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V\u011bdci odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee jen francouzsk\u00e1 obloha m\u016f\u017ee v dan\u00e9m okam\u017eiku obsahovat n\u011bkolik tun a\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 tun pesticid\u016f \u2013 z nich\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch zdroj\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Proto\u017ee se pesticidy nad\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, argumentuj\u00ed, \u017ee probl\u00e9m daleko p\u0159esahuje hranice st\u00e1t\u016f a m\u00edstn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 postupy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Mraky jako neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 rezervo\u00e1ry toxick\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V\u011bdci tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee je to poprv\u00e9, co se jim poda\u0159ilo p\u0159\u00edmo nam\u011b\u0159it tak velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed pesticid\u016f v obla\u010dn\u00e9 vod\u011b vysoko v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e \u2013 daleko nad bezprost\u0159edn\u00edm vlivem m\u00edstn\u00edch farem. Mraky obsahuj\u00ed drobn\u00e9 kapky, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed zachytit zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky, jako jsou pesticidy, a pozd\u011bji je uvolnit ve form\u011b de\u0161t\u011b nebo sn\u011bhu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Mraky tak\u00e9 funguj\u00ed jako chemick\u00e9 \u201ereaktory\u201c. Studie zjistila, \u017ee nejen transportuj\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky, ale tak\u00e9 je p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed na jin\u00e9 l\u00e1tky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Nap\u0159\u00edklad nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed studie od n\u011bkter\u00fdch stejn\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f ukazuje, \u017ee trifenylfosf\u00e1t, toxick\u00e1 chemik\u00e1lie pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 v plastech a zpomalova\u010d\u00edch ho\u0159en\u00ed, se v obla\u010dn\u00e9 vod\u011b p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje na jin\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie, v\u010detn\u011b difenylfosf\u00e1tu, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b za 90 minut.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Pro sb\u011br dat v\u011bdci odebrali vzorky vody z oblak\u016f koncem l\u00e9ta 2023 a na ja\u0159e 2024 v Puy de D\u00f4me, horsk\u00e9 observato\u0159i a v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 stanici ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Francii, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 jedine\u010dnou polohu pro studium chemie voln\u00e9 troposf\u00e9ry (\u010d\u00e1sti atmosf\u00e9ry nad lok\u00e1ln\u00edmi vlivy na \u00farovni zem\u011b).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Lokalita je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch a glob\u00e1ln\u00edch monitorovac\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b Infrastruktury pro v\u00fdzkum aerosol\u016f, oblak\u016f a stopov\u00fdch plyn\u016f (ACTRIS) a Glob\u00e1ln\u00edho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Z 446 mo\u017en\u00fdch zkouman\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b pesticid\u016f, biocid\u016f (slou\u010denin, kter\u00e9 ni\u010d\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9 organismy), p\u0159\u00edsad a transforma\u010dn\u00edch produkt\u016f (produkt\u016f rozkladu pesticid\u016f) \u2013 v\u011bdci v obla\u010dn\u00e9 vod\u011b na\u0161li 32 r\u016fzn\u00fdch slou\u010denin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Seznam zahrnoval:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span dir=\"auto\">Herbicidy (9) \u2013 herbicidy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span dir=\"auto\">Insekticidy (7) \u2013 Chemik\u00e1lie proti hmyzu.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span dir=\"auto\">Fungicidy (3) \u2013 proti houbov\u00fdm napaden\u00edm plodin.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span dir=\"auto\">Biocidy (1) \u2013 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 ni\u010d\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9 organismy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span dir=\"auto\">P\u0159\u00edsady (3) \u2013 Slo\u017eky p\u0159id\u00e1van\u00e9 do pesticidn\u00edch formulac\u00ed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span dir=\"auto\">Transforma\u010dn\u00ed produkty (8) \u2013 Vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkty vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i rozkladu pesticid\u016f.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Obla\u010dn\u00e1 voda tak\u00e9 obsahovala \u201enov\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky\u201c, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Antrachinon,<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0repelent pt\u00e1k\u016f, kter\u00fd vznik\u00e1 tak\u00e9 p\u0159i spalov\u00e1n\u00ed a rozkladu polycyklick\u00fdch aromatick\u00fdch uhlovod\u00edk\u016f v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e, byl p\u0159\u00edtomen v ka\u017ed\u00e9m vzorku (a\u017e 93 nanogram\u016f na litr nebo ng\/l).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Benzotriazol<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b fungicid\u016f a \u010dasto v plastech a \u010distic\u00edch prost\u0159edc\u00edch, byl p\u0159\u00edtomen ve \u010dty\u0159ech vzorc\u00edch. P\u0159esto\u017ee je to meziprodukt p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b fungicid\u016f, je tak\u00e9 \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n v jin\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch jako inhibitor koroze, stabiliz\u00e1tor plast\u016f a p\u0159\u00edsada do detergent\u016f. D\u00edky sv\u00e9mu \u0161irok\u00e9mu pou\u017eit\u00ed byl detekov\u00e1n ve sn\u011bhu, aerosolech a povrchov\u00fdch i podzemn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span dir=\"auto\">2,4-Dinitrofenol<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, t\u011bkav\u00e1 chemik\u00e1lie, kterou kdysi americk\u00e1 Agentura pro ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed (EPA) klasifikovala jako pesticid a nyn\u00ed je zak\u00e1z\u00e1na, je uvedena jako prioritn\u00ed kontaminant a byla nalezena ve \u010dty\u0159ech vzorc\u00edch obla\u010dn\u00e9 vody v koncentrac\u00edch a\u017e 2 mikrogramy na litr (\u03bcg\/l) \u2013 co\u017e je v\u00fdrazn\u011b nad limitem EU pro pitnou vodu.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Hladiny pesticid\u016f byly koncem l\u00e9ta vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na ja\u0159e, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e polovina vzork\u016f p\u0159ekro\u010dila 0,5 \u03bcg\/l \u2013 co\u017e je evropsk\u00fd limit pro pitnou vodu pro v\u0161echny pesticidy dohromady, uvedli v\u011bdci.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">I po vylou\u010den\u00ed 2,4-dinitrofenolu, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee vznikat fotochemick\u00fdmi reakcemi, dva vzorky oblak\u016f tento limit st\u00e1le p\u0159ekro\u010dily.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">N\u011bkter\u00e9 ze zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed jsou ve Francii st\u00e1le povoleny. Nap\u0159\u00edklad herbicid mesotrion dos\u00e1hl koncentrace a\u017e 620 ng\/l, zat\u00edmco repelent proti hmyzu DEET byl detekov\u00e1n na \u00farovni 63 ng\/l.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Deset z detekovan\u00fdch slou\u010denin v\u0161ak byly aktivn\u00ed slo\u017eky nebo metabolity pesticid\u016f zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch v EU. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159il atrazin (zak\u00e1zan\u00fd od roku 2003), karbendazim (2008) a insekticidy, jako je DNOC, fipronil, karbutil\u00e1t a permethrin. Identifikov\u00e1n byl tak\u00e9 fungicid tolylfluanid (2022) a produkt rozkladu amitrazu (2004).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Herbicid metolachlor \u2013 ve Francii zak\u00e1zan\u00fd pot\u00e9, co byl spojov\u00e1n s rozs\u00e1hlou kontaminac\u00ed podzemn\u00edch vod \u2013 byl detekov\u00e1n ve t\u0159ech vzorc\u00edch oblak\u016f, p\u0159esto\u017ee jeho n\u00e1stupce, S-metolachlor, byl zak\u00e1z\u00e1n jen n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po odb\u011bru vzork\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V\u011bdci tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edtomnost t\u011bchto star\u0161\u00edch, neautorizovan\u00fdch slou\u010denin podtrhuje roli d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho transportu: chemik\u00e1lie se mohou do Francie dostat z jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed, kde se nad\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eP\u0159\u00edtomnost pesticid\u016f ve vod\u011b z oblak\u016f nazna\u010duje d\u016fle\u017eitost jejich pronik\u00e1n\u00ed do oblak\u016f [proces, kter\u00fdm se zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky vst\u0159eb\u00e1vaj\u00ed do kapi\u010dek oblak\u016f], kde mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edtomny a transportov\u00e1ny,\u201c tvrd\u00ed v\u011bdci.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eD\u00e1le to vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zku ekologick\u00fdch a toxikologick\u00fdch dopad\u016f transformace pesticid\u016f ve vodn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi mrak\u016f, jak ji\u017e bylo pozorov\u00e1no u jin\u00fdch antropogenn\u00edch [zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch \u010dlov\u011bkem] a biogenn\u00edch [p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edch] slou\u010denin.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed driftu: Jak se pesticidy dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Svou roli sehr\u00e1l p\u016fvod vzduchu. Nejv\u00edce kontaminovan\u00e9 vzorky oblak\u016f p\u0159elet\u011bly nad zem\u011bd\u011blskou p\u016fdou b\u011bhem vrcholn\u00e9 sez\u00f3ny post\u0159ik\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Nap\u0159\u00edklad vzorek odebran\u00fd koncem l\u00e9ta poch\u00e1zel z Atlantiku, ale p\u0159ekro\u010dil z\u00e1padn\u00ed Francii a cestou se v n\u011bm nahromadily pesticidy. Obsahoval celkem 1,45 \u03bcg\/l pesticid\u016f \u2013 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 trojn\u00e1sobek limitu EU pro pitnou vodu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Dal\u0161\u00ed vzorek, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vysledovan\u00fd na \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 a francouzsk\u00e9 orn\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b, rovn\u011b\u017e vykazoval vysok\u00e9 koncentrace. Naproti tomu jarn\u00ed vzorky vykazovaly mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b, proto\u017ee jejich vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 masy tr\u00e1vily v\u011bt\u0161inu \u010dasu nad Atlantikem nebo lesy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Dva mezilehl\u00e9 vzorky zachytily pesticidy, kdy\u017e se pohybovaly p\u0159es ornou p\u016fdu ve Francii a Irsku.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">M\u00edstn\u00ed zdroje hr\u00e1ly jen malou roli. Pouze jeden vzorek str\u00e1vil v\u00edce ne\u017e 5 % \u010dasu pobl\u00ed\u017e v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 observato\u0159e na samotn\u00e9m vrcholu hory a \u201echemick\u00fd otisk prstu\u201c v oblac\u00edch se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161il od otisku prstu v bl\u00edzk\u00fdch \u0159ek\u00e1ch a potoc\u00edch, kde dominoval metolachlor a jeho rozkladn\u00fd produkt, metolachlor-ESA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">M\u00edstn\u00ed vody vykazovaly jen malou nebo \u017e\u00e1dnou kontaminaci, co\u017e potvrzuje, \u017ee pesticidy nalezen\u00e9 v oblac\u00edch nebyly v\u00fdsledkem post\u0159iku v bl\u00edzk\u00e9m okol\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159edchoz\u00edmi studiemi aerosol\u016f (drobn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic ve vzduchu) dodala dal\u0161\u00ed rozm\u011br. V aerosolech po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b, zejm\u00e9na v bl\u00edzkosti zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy, byly nalezeny des\u00edtky pesticid\u016f. V Puy de D\u00f4me se v\u0161ak pouze osm z nich p\u0159ekr\u00fdv\u00e1 s m\u011b\u0159en\u00edmi v obla\u010dnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Dva pesticidy \u2013 fipronil a cypermethrin \u2013 byly nalezeny pouze v oblac\u00edch, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee kap\u00e9nky v oblac\u00edch zachycuj\u00ed a udr\u017euj\u00ed chemik\u00e1lie jinak ne\u017e such\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice ve vzduchu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9 uk\u00e1zalo, jak se pesticidy mohou chemicky m\u011bnit v kap\u00e9nk\u00e1ch oblak\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">N\u011bkolik produkt\u016f transformace pesticid\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b produkt\u016f degradace tolylfluanidu, fipronilu, amitrazu, prothiokonazolu a terbutylazinu, se vyskytovalo v oblac\u00edch, ale nikoli v aerosolech.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed je ohro\u017eeno, zejm\u00e9na u d\u011bt\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok se na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b spot\u0159ebuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2,6 milionu tun aktivn\u00edch slo\u017eek pesticid\u016f. P\u0159i post\u0159iku na pole se a\u017e polovina z t\u00e9to d\u00e1vky m\u016f\u017ee okam\u017eit\u011b uvolnit do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v\u011btrem nebo odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Mnoh\u00e9 z nich jsou polot\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 slou\u010deniny, kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159ech\u00e1zet mezi kapaln\u00fdm, pevn\u00fdm a plynn\u00fdm skupenstv\u00edm. To jim umo\u017e\u0148uje opakovan\u011b cirkulovat atmosf\u00e9rou v procesu zn\u00e1m\u00e9m jako \u201ekobyl\u010d\u00ed efekt\u201c \u2013 odpa\u0159uj\u00ed se, uraz\u00ed velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti, usad\u00ed se zp\u011bt na Zemi a pot\u00e9 se znovu odpa\u0159uj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 studie tak\u00e9 detekovaly ve vzduchu \u0159adu pesticid\u016f: star\u0161\u00ed organochlorov\u00e9 insekticidy, jako je dichlordifenyldichlorethylen (DDE, produkt rozkladu zak\u00e1zan\u00e9ho DDT) a endosulfan, organofosf\u00e1ty, jako je chlorpyrifos a diazinon, a modern\u00ed herbicidy a fungicidy, jako je glyfos\u00e1t a chlorthalonil.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Mnoho z nich se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v PM2,5 \u2013 jemn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic\u00edch ve vzduchu o velikosti 2,5 mikrometru nebo m\u00e9n\u011b, kter\u00e9 mohou proniknout hluboko do plic.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Projekt EU SPRINT (2020\u20132025) tak\u00e9 zjistil pesticidy prakticky v\u0161ude \u2013 v p\u016fd\u011b, vod\u011b, plodin\u00e1ch, prachu a dokonce i u lid\u00ed \u2013 \u010dasto jako chemick\u00e9 sm\u011bsi nebo \u201ekoktejly\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tyto sm\u011bsi n\u011bkdy obsahovaly zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a obecn\u011b m\u011bly siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek ne\u017e jednotliv\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie, zejm\u00e9na u citliv\u00fdch druh\u016f, jako jsou \u017e\u00ed\u017ealy nebo laboratorn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Projekt dosp\u011bl k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee realita expozice je slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Zdravotn\u00ed rizika jsou jasn\u00e1. Pesticidy se mohou hromadit v dom\u00e1cnostech, na h\u0159i\u0161t\u00edch, sportovn\u00edch h\u0159i\u0161t\u00edch, v p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch rezervac\u00edch a m\u011bstsk\u00fdch prostor\u00e1ch, kde p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k chronick\u00e9 expozici, ke kter\u00e9 ji\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vody, p\u016fdy a potravin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">D\u011bti, jejich\u017e t\u011bla se st\u00e1le vyv\u00edjej\u00ed, jsou obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zraniteln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di expozici pesticid\u016fm a lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed nebo pracuj\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti farem, \u010del\u00ed nejbezprost\u0159edn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm rizik\u016fm. Francouzsk\u00e1 studie o obla\u010dnosti v\u0161ak ukazuje, \u017ee nikdo nen\u00ed pln\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V USA z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159edpisy pro pesticidy voln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v Evrop\u011b. Regula\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1ny posuzuj\u00ed pesticidy individu\u00e1ln\u011b a v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich je z p\u0159edpis\u016f pro pitnou vodu vy\u0148ata, pokud to Agentura pro ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed (EPA) v\u00fdslovn\u011b neomezuje.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Na rozd\u00edl od Evropy Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nemaj\u00ed obecn\u00fd horn\u00ed limit pro celkovou koncentraci pesticid\u016f v pitn\u00e9 vod\u011b a lobbing ze strany pr\u016fmyslu tak\u00e9 oslabil reformn\u00ed snahy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z t\u00e9to nov\u00e9 studie poukazuj\u00ed na to, \u017ee jejich v\u00fdsledky jsou varovn\u00fdm sign\u00e1lem. V jejich nejv\u00edce zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9m vzorku by mraky mohly obsahovat p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 139 tun pesticid\u016f \u2013 asi 0,2 % ro\u010dn\u00ed spot\u0159eby pesticid\u016f ve Francii. Ostatn\u00ed vzorky se pohybovaly od necel\u00fdch 4 tun do v\u00edce ne\u017e 110 tun.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V\u00fd\u0161ka obla\u010dnosti se pohybovala od 2 kilometr\u016f nad Normandi\u00ed do 9 kilometr\u016f nad v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Franci\u00ed, co\u017e ukazuje, \u017ee pesticidy mohou b\u00fdt distribuov\u00e1ny ve v\u00edce vrstv\u00e1ch atmosf\u00e9ry.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci poukazuj\u00ed na to, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o hrub\u00e9 odhady z jednoho m\u00edsta v jednotliv\u00e9 dny, ale zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o natolik v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 mno\u017estv\u00ed, aby si vy\u017e\u00e1dala nal\u00e9havou pozornost.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ve Francii, kde maj\u00ed mraky r\u016fzn\u00fd p\u016fvod, nen\u00ed koncentrace pesticid\u016f v cel\u00e9m vzdu\u0161n\u00e9m sloupci rovnom\u011brn\u00e1, tvrd\u00ed v\u011bdci. To by mohlo znamenat, \u017ee v n\u011bkter\u00fdch regionech jich je v\u00edce a v jin\u00fdch m\u00e9n\u011b, ale je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eTyto v\u00fdsledky poskytuj\u00ed prvn\u00ed odhad mno\u017estv\u00ed pesticid\u016f v obla\u010dn\u00e9 vod\u011b, co\u017e by mohlo b\u00fdt v\u00fdznamn\u00e9,\u201c uzav\u00edr\u00e1 studie. \u201eZd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed pot\u0159ebu dal\u0161\u00edch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pesticid\u016f v oblac\u00edch.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\">P\u016fvodn\u011b publikov\u00e1no americk\u00fdm port\u00e1lem Right to Know.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\">Od Pamely Ferdinandov\u00e9<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c57238 quelle dc-has-condition dc-condition-empty elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c57238\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/childrenshealthdefense.org\/defender\/toxic-skies-clouds-toxic-pesticides-rain-down-earth-rtk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span dir=\"auto\">Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-86927 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/letak-volby-2025-konference-3-212x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"710\" height=\"1005\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/letak-volby-2025-konference-3-212x300.png 212w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/letak-volby-2025-konference-3-724x1024.png 724w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/letak-volby-2025-konference-3-768x1086.png 768w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/letak-volby-2025-konference-3-1086x1536.png 1086w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/letak-volby-2025-konference-3-1448x2048.png 1448w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/letak-volby-2025-konference-3-1024x1448.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Studie publikovan\u00e1 tento t\u00fdden v \u010dasopise Environmental Science &amp; Technology jako prvn\u00ed detekovala des\u00edtky zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":88002,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[905,6356,3016],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88001"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=88001"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88001\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/88002"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=88001"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=88001"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=88001"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}