{"id":87997,"date":"2025-09-18T00:15:28","date_gmt":"2025-09-17T22:15:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=87997"},"modified":"2025-09-17T11:15:54","modified_gmt":"2025-09-17T09:15:54","slug":"seymour-hersh-umela-inteligence-a-jeji-tajne-dusledky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/09\/18\/seymour-hersh-umela-inteligence-a-jeji-tajne-dusledky\/","title":{"rendered":"Seymour Hersh: Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence a jej\u00ed tajn\u00e9 d\u016fsledky"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b hodn\u011b cestuji a minul\u00fd t\u00fdden jsem nav\u0161t\u00edvil architektonickou v\u00fdstavu v Ben\u00e1tk\u00e1ch, kter\u00e1 oslavovala ocen\u011bn\u00fd projekt s n\u00e1zvem\u00a0<\/span>Calculating Empires (V\u00fdpo\u010det emp\u00ed\u0159\u00ed)<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. Projekt vyvinuli dva akademici: Kate Crawfordov\u00e1 z USC Annenberg a Microsoft Research a Vladan Joler z Univerzity v Nov\u00e9m Sadu v Srbsku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jej\u00ed v\u00fdstava, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed des\u00edtky velk\u00fdch panel\u016f, ukazovala rozvoj technologi\u00ed a moci od roku 1500.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sledovala historii zbran\u00ed \u2013 od st\u0159eln\u00e9ho prachu p\u0159es atomovou bombu a\u017e po mikrodrony a autonomn\u00ed kybernetickou v\u00e1lku. Poselstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsem si z toho odnesl \u2013 a bylo nemo\u017en\u00e9 si ho nev\u0161imnout \u2013 bylo, \u017ee pokud nedojde k z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bn\u011b lidsk\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed, vzorce minulosti by mohly nevyhnuteln\u011b v\u00e9st k tot\u00e1ln\u00ed jadern\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. D\u011bsiv\u00e9 v\u011bci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 jsem se dozv\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee Kate Crawfordov\u00e1 byla jednou z prvn\u00edch v\u011bdky\u0148, kter\u00e9 se zab\u00fdvaly um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed a varovaly p\u0159ed nebezpe\u010d\u00edm, kter\u00e9 tato technologie p\u0159edstavuje ve \u0161patn\u00fdch rukou. V roce 2021 vydala u nakladatelstv\u00ed Yale University Press\u00a0<\/span>knihu Atlas of AI<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. Je to historie a anal\u00fdza um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, kter\u00e1 \u2013 jak jsem ji ch\u00e1pal \u2013 m\u011bla b\u00fdt nal\u00e9hav\u00fdm varov\u00e1n\u00edm, \u017ee um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence se mezi americk\u00fdmi miliard\u00e1\u0159i a vojensk\u00fdmi v\u016fdci, kte\u0159\u00ed ji vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a ovl\u00e1dnut\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiky, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychle uchytila.<\/span><\/p>\n

Crawfordov\u00e9 kniha je hutn\u00e1, ale velmi \u010dtiv\u00e1. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee kontrola nad um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed by nem\u011bla b\u00fdt, jak je tomu v sou\u010dasnosti, v rukou vyslou\u017eil\u00fdch americk\u00fdch gener\u00e1l\u016f a miliard\u00e1\u0159\u016f, jejich\u017e kone\u010dn\u00fdm c\u00edlem je vyu\u017e\u00edt obrovskou s\u00edlu \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed k vylep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed zbran\u00ed a dosa\u017een\u00ed obrovsk\u00fdch zisk\u016f v tomto procesu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eAni um\u011bl\u00e9, ani inteligentn\u00ed\u201c<\/span><\/h3>\n

Nejv\u00edc m\u011b zar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed Crawfordovo tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence nen\u00ed \u201eani um\u011bl\u00e1, ani inteligentn\u00ed\u201c. [Jej\u00ed zv\u00fdrazn\u011bn\u00ed.] P\u00ed\u0161e:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eUm\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence je sp\u00ed\u0161e zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00e1 i materi\u00e1ln\u00ed, vyroben\u00e1 z p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, paliva, lidsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, infrastruktury, logistiky, historie a klasifikac\u00ed. Syst\u00e9my um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence nejsou autonomn\u00ed, racion\u00e1ln\u00ed ani schopn\u00e9 cokoli v\u011bd\u011bt bez intenzivn\u00edho, v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho \u0161kolen\u00ed s velk\u00fdmi datov\u00fdmi sadami nebo p\u0159edem definovan\u00fdmi pravidly a odm\u011bnami. Ve skute\u010dnosti um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence, jak ji zn\u00e1me, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na mnohem \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm souboru politick\u00fdch a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch struktur. A kv\u016fli kapit\u00e1lu pot\u0159ebn\u00e9mu k vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku a perspektiv\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 optimalizuje, jsou syst\u00e9my um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence nakonec navr\u017eeny tak, aby slou\u017eily st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm dominantn\u00edm z\u00e1jm\u016fm. V tomto smyslu je um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence registrem moci.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Crawford jasn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence nen\u00ed jen technick\u00fdm oborem, ale m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a ekonomick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. Na \u201ez\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00farovni,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e, \u201ese um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z technick\u00fdch a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch praktik, instituc\u00ed a infrastruktur, politiky a kultury. V\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed logika a zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce jsou hluboce propojeny. Syst\u00e9my um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed jak soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vztahy, tak i ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Koncep\u010dn\u00ed debaty: AI vs. strojov\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\n

Poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee term\u00edn \u201eum\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence\u201c m\u016f\u017ee v komunit\u011b informatik\u016f vyvol\u00e1vat nepohodl\u00ed. Tento term\u00edn v pr\u016fb\u011bhu desetilet\u00ed st\u0159\u00eddav\u011b zanik\u00e1 a znovu se objevuje \u2013 a nyn\u00ed se \u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v marketingu ne\u017e ve v\u00fdzkumu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Term\u00edn \u201e\u00a0<\/span>strojov\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c se \u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v technick\u00e9 literatu\u0159e.<\/span><\/p>\n

Crawford vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee term\u00edn \u201eAI\u201c se nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, kdy\u017e v\u011bdci \u201ehledaj\u00ed pozornost tisku kv\u016fli nov\u00e9mu v\u011bdeck\u00e9mu v\u00fdsledku\u201c nebo \u201ekdy\u017e se objev\u00ed investory rizikov\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu se sv\u00fdmi \u0161ekov\u00fdmi kn\u00ed\u017ekami\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee tento term\u00edn je jak pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n, tak odm\u00edt\u00e1n \u2013 zp\u016fsoby, kter\u00e9 udr\u017euj\u00ed jeho v\u00fdznam v neust\u00e1l\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji. [\u2026] Term\u00edn \u201eAI\u201c pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m k ozna\u010den\u00ed masivn\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 formace, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje politiku, pr\u00e1ci, kulturu a kapit\u00e1l. Kdy\u017e mluv\u00edm o strojov\u00e9m u\u010den\u00ed, m\u00e1m na mysli soubor technick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f (kter\u00e9 jsou ve skute\u010dnosti tak\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a infrastrukturn\u00ed, i kdy\u017e se o nich takto z\u0159\u00eddka mluv\u00ed).\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence je hluboce politick\u00e1<\/span><\/h3>\n

Hlavn\u00edm argumentem Crawfordovy knihy je, \u017ee um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence je v podstat\u011b politick\u00e1 \u2013 zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b u\u017eivatel\u016f skryt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vysv\u011btluje:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eExistuj\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 d\u016fvody, pro\u010d se tento obor tolik zam\u011b\u0159uje na technick\u00e9 aspekty \u2013 algoritmick\u00e9 pr\u016flomy, postupn\u00e1 vylep\u0161en\u00ed produkt\u016f a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pohodl\u00ed. Z t\u00e9to \u00fazk\u00e9, abstraktn\u00ed anal\u00fdzy t\u011b\u017e\u00ed mocensk\u00e9 struktury na k\u0159i\u017eovatce technologi\u00ed, kapit\u00e1lu a spr\u00e1vy v\u011bc\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch. Abychom pochopili, jak je um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence v z\u00e1sad\u011b politick\u00e1, mus\u00edme se posunout za hranice neuronov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed a statistick\u00e9ho rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vzorc\u016f a m\u00edsto toho se pt\u00e1t, co je optimalizov\u00e1no, pro koho a kdo rozhoduje. Pak m\u016f\u017eeme sledovat d\u016fsledky t\u011bchto rozhodnut\u00ed.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00e1hled<\/span><\/h3>\n

P\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed t\u00fdden budu ps\u00e1t o environment\u00e1ln\u00edch a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1kladech neust\u00e1le se roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence. T\u0159et\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na americk\u00e9 miliard\u00e1\u0159e, kte\u0159\u00ed si zajistili kontrolu nad sv\u011btem um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence \u2013 kdo jsou a co cht\u011bj\u00ed, jak to hodnot\u00ed Crawford.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b hodn\u011b cestuji a minul\u00fd t\u00fdden jsem nav\u0161t\u00edvil architektonickou v\u00fdstavu v Ben\u00e1tk\u00e1ch, kter\u00e1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":87998,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[3101,1503,2194],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87997"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=87997"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87997\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/87998"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=87997"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=87997"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=87997"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}