{"id":87994,"date":"2025-09-18T00:12:54","date_gmt":"2025-09-17T22:12:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=87994"},"modified":"2025-09-17T12:21:53","modified_gmt":"2025-09-17T10:21:53","slug":"andrew-p-napolitano-bereme-ustavu-vazne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/09\/18\/andrew-p-napolitano-bereme-ustavu-vazne\/","title":{"rendered":"Andrew P. Napolitano: Bereme \u00dastavu v\u00e1\u017en\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Minul\u00fd t\u00fdden prezident Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f nebral \u00dastavu v\u00e1\u017en\u011b. Na\u0159\u00eddil vra\u017edu 11 lid\u00ed cestuj\u00edc\u00edch motorov\u00fdm \u010dlunem v Karibiku, asi 1300 mil od Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pozd\u011bji uvedl, \u017ee to ud\u011blal, proto\u017ee se domn\u00edval, \u017ee jsou \u010dleny \u201enarkoteroristick\u00e9ho gangu\u201c dod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed drogy do Ameriky. Ud\u011blal to tak\u00e9 jako \u201evzkaz\u201c dal\u0161\u00edm obchodn\u00edk\u016fm s drogami, kte\u0159\u00ed se ob\u00e1vali podobn\u00e9ho osudu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lo\u010f se nem\u011bla jak dostat do Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Podle b\u00fdval\u00e9ho \u0161\u00e9fa protidrogov\u00e9ho odd\u011blen\u00ed ministerstva spravedlnosti nen\u00ed tento takzvan\u00fd lodn\u00ed gang zn\u00e1m\u00fd obchodov\u00e1n\u00edm s neleg\u00e1ln\u00edmi drogami. Zlo\u010diny, kter\u00e9 podle prezidenta tito lid\u00e9 sp\u00e1chali, nebyly sp\u00e1ch\u00e1ny ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, a i kdyby byly sp\u00e1ch\u00e1ny, neospravedl\u0148ovalo by to trest smrti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Neposkytl \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy na podporu sv\u00fdch tvrzen\u00ed a ani nenazna\u010dil, \u017ee by lodn\u00edci p\u0159edstavovali hrozbu pro americk\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky, kter\u00e9 zabili. Nedok\u00e1zal \u0159\u00edci, zda byl n\u011bkdo na lodi Ameri\u010dan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na ot\u00e1zku ohledn\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u00edho z\u00e1kladu t\u011bchto vra\u017ed prezident Donald Trump odpov\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee tito lid\u00e9 vedou v\u00e1lku proti Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm a \u017ee jeliko\u017e je prezidentem Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, m\u016f\u017ee si s nimi d\u011blat, co chce.<\/span><\/p>\n

To jsou \u00fastavn\u011b ignorantsk\u00e9, mor\u00e1ln\u011b zavr\u017een\u00edhodn\u00e9 a hluboce chybn\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi od osoby, kter\u00e1 slo\u017eila p\u0159\u00edsahu \u00dastav\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Historick\u00e9 pozad\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kdy\u017e se brit\u0161t\u00ed monarchov\u00e9 cht\u011bli zbavit nepohodln\u00fdch odp\u016frc\u016f, \u010dasto je obvi\u0148ovali z v\u00e1gn\u00edch zlo\u010din\u016f, proto\u017ee si zlo\u010din mohli definovat podle sv\u00e9ho uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed. Thomas More, b\u00fdval\u00fd lord kancl\u00e9\u0159 Jind\u0159icha VIII., byl za sv\u00e9 ml\u010den\u00ed popraven. Ter\u010d panovn\u00edka se do\u010dkal rychl\u00e9ho soudu a pot\u00e9 \u010dasto pomal\u00e9 a bolestiv\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 smrti \u2013 aby vyslal poselstv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thomas Jefferson a James Madison, Otcov\u00e9 zakladatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed nesli nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost za formov\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00e9ho \u00e9tosu p\u0159irozen\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a pr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u00e1tu, si byli v\u011bdomi tyransk\u00fdch impuls\u016f monarch\u016f, znali britsk\u00e9 d\u011bjiny a dokonce osobn\u011b znali lidi v koloni\u00edch, kte\u0159\u00ed byli v Lond\u00fdn\u011b \u2013 kde nikdy nebyli \u2013 obvin\u011bni ze zlo\u010din\u016f a postaveni tam k trestn\u00edmu st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V Deklaraci nez\u00e1vislosti Jefferson popisuje lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va jako dar od Stvo\u0159itele, kter\u00fd nelze zru\u0161it v\u00fdkonn\u00fdm dekretem ani legislativn\u00edm dekretem \u2013 ale pouze verdiktem poroty.<\/span><\/p>\n

A Madisonova slova v p\u00e1t\u00e9m dodatku \u00fastavy uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee \u201enikdo nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt zbaven \u017eivota, svobody nebo majetku bez \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho soudn\u00edho procesu.\u201c Pou\u017eit\u00ed slova \u201eosoba\u201c jasn\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd proces se vztahuje na v\u0161echny lidi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0158\u00e1dn\u00fd proces vy\u017eaduje spravedliv\u00fd proces s porotou s pr\u00e1vn\u00edm zastoupen\u00edm a mo\u017enost\u00ed konfrontovat sv\u011bdky a d\u016fkazy p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e9 vl\u00e1dou. Vy\u017eaduje tak\u00e9, aby vina byla prok\u00e1z\u00e1na nade v\u0161\u00ed pochybnost a s mor\u00e1ln\u00ed jistotou p\u0159ed neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed porotou, nikoli p\u0159ed st\u00e1tn\u00edm z\u00e1stupcem. A vy\u017eaduje odsouzen\u00ed p\u0159ed ulo\u017een\u00edm jak\u00e9hokoli trestu stanoven\u00e9ho z\u00e1konem.<\/span><\/p>\n

To bylo nov\u00e9 a radik\u00e1ln\u00ed v roce 1791, kdy byla ratifikov\u00e1na Listina pr\u00e1v, ale dnes to nen\u00ed ani nov\u00e9, ani radik\u00e1ln\u00ed. Dnes je \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd proces z\u00e1kladem americk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va. Pr\u00e1vn\u00edci tomu \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed \u201ez\u00e1kon s \u010dern\u00fdmi p\u00edsmeny\u201c: od \u010dlen\u016f vl\u00e1dy se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee ho budou zn\u00e1t, rozum\u011bt mu a dodr\u017eovat ho.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u017e do te\u010f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Proti\u00fastavn\u00ed tvrzen\u00ed prezidenta<\/span><\/h3>\n

Te\u010f prezident \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee vyhl\u00e1sit v\u00e1lku jak\u00e9koli osob\u011b nebo skupin\u011b a bez dal\u0161\u00edch okolk\u016f je zab\u00edt. To je \u0161patn\u011b. Podle \u00dastavy m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e1lku vyhl\u00e1sit pouze Kongres.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prezident nyn\u00ed \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee feder\u00e1ln\u00ed fondy pou\u017e\u00edvat, jak uzn\u00e1 za vhodn\u00e9, pokud dok\u00e1\u017ee argumentovat, \u017ee jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed slou\u017e\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9mu dobru. To je le\u017e. Podle \u00dastavy je omezen na vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u016f, kter\u00e9 Kongres vydal, a veden\u00ed v\u00e1lek, kter\u00e9 Kongres vyhl\u00e1sil.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prezident nyn\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 jsou zn\u00e1m\u00ed jako tak zl\u00ed, \u017ee mohou b\u00fdt popraveni d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e sp\u00e1chaj\u00ed zlo\u010din. To je le\u017e. Vzhledem k \u0161irok\u00e9mu zn\u011bn\u00ed p\u00e1t\u00e9ho dodatku \u00fastavy maj\u00ed v\u0161ichni lid\u00e9 n\u00e1rok na presumpci neviny, pr\u00e1vo na soudn\u00ed proces s porotou a s t\u00edm spojenou ochranu \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho procesu, pokud jsou st\u00edh\u00e1ni vl\u00e1dou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pou\u010den\u00ed z historie<\/span><\/h3>\n

Americk\u00e1 historie je pln\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f proti\u00fastavn\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed prezident\u016f. John Adams pron\u00e1sledoval lidi za jejich projevy. Abraham Lincoln zat\u00fdkal sv\u00e9 kritiky bez soudu. Woodrow Wilson pron\u00e1sledoval studenty za \u010dten\u00ed Deklarace nez\u00e1vislosti p\u0159ed odvodn\u00edmi komisemi. Franklin Roosevelt v\u011bznil Ameri\u010dany na z\u00e1klad\u011b jejich rasy. George W. Bush zah\u00e1jil masov\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed bez zatyka\u010de. Barack Obama v Jemenu vra\u017edil nen\u00e1siln\u00e9, neobvin\u011bn\u00e9 Ameri\u010dany.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zlep\u0161ilo n\u011bco z toho osobn\u00ed svobodu nebo ve\u0159ejnou bezpe\u010dnost? Ne, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b \u017ee ne. Ale zv\u00fd\u0161ilo to strach ve\u0159ejnosti z tyrana v B\u00edl\u00e9m dom\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/span><\/h3>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00ed hodnota \u2013 kterou Trump a jeho p\u0159edch\u016fdci napadaj\u00ed \u2013 je, \u017ee jednotlivec je suver\u00e9nn\u00ed a vl\u00e1da je omezen\u00e1. Toto byl jednomysln\u00fd p\u0159edpoklad Otc\u016f zakladatel\u016f, kdy\u017e zakl\u00e1dali Americkou republiku. Jednotlivec m\u00e1 svobodu vykon\u00e1vat sv\u00e1 p\u0159irozen\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a vl\u00e1da je omezena souhlasem ovl\u00e1dan\u00fdch a \u00dastavou, kter\u00e1 ji definuje a \u2013 v n\u00e1vaznosti na Jeffersona \u2013 zakotvuje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale abyste vl\u00e1du srazili na kolena, mus\u00edte br\u00e1t \u00dastavu v\u00e1\u017en\u011b. A to vy\u017eaduje, aby si ji p\u0159e\u010detli ti, kter\u00fdm jsme \u00dastavu sv\u011b\u0159ili do rukou k jej\u00edmu uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, porozum\u011bli j\u00ed, dodr\u017eovali ji \u2013 a splnili svou p\u0159\u00edsahu, \u017ee ji budou uchov\u00e1vat, chr\u00e1nit a br\u00e1nit.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00e1me dnes u moci takov\u00e9 lidi? Odpov\u011b\u010f je z\u0159ejm\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dokud to neud\u011bl\u00e1me, bude se to pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jen zhor\u0161ovat. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mohou mimosoudn\u00ed zab\u00edjen\u00ed bezejmenn\u00fdch, anonymn\u00edch, zahrani\u010dn\u00edch padouch\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se v dob\u011b sv\u00e9 smrti nepod\u00edleli na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m n\u00e1sil\u00ed a nebyli ani obvin\u011bni ze zlo\u010dinu, vn\u00edmat jako d\u016fvod k radosti v dob\u011b m\u00edru. Mo\u017en\u00e1 se raduj\u00ed dnes, ale budou plakat, a\u017e prezident nebo jeho n\u00e1stupce p\u0159inese zpr\u00e1vu o zabit\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u011b nevinn\u00fdch.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Minul\u00fd t\u00fdden prezident Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f nebral \u00dastavu v\u00e1\u017en\u011b. Na\u0159\u00eddil vra\u017edu 11 lid\u00ed cestuj\u00edc\u00edch motorov\u00fdm \u010dlunem…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":87995,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1503,452,37,322],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87994"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=87994"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87994\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/87995"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=87994"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=87994"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=87994"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}