{"id":87943,"date":"2025-09-17T00:31:28","date_gmt":"2025-09-16T22:31:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=87943"},"modified":"2025-09-16T17:54:03","modified_gmt":"2025-09-16T15:54:03","slug":"tri-myty-o-svetovem-hladu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/09\/17\/tri-myty-o-svetovem-hladu\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u0159i m\u00fdty o sv\u011btov\u00e9m hladu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Co ud\u011bl\u00e1te, kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo pronese dob\u0159e m\u00edn\u011bnou, ale zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed pozn\u00e1mku o hladov\u00fdch? M\u016f\u017eete frustrovan\u011b ml\u010det, nebo jim m\u016f\u017eete uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee hlad nem\u00e1 nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s lenost\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edrodou ani s \u201ep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoha \u00fasty\u201c.\u00a0<\/span>Hlad je politick\u00fd. Hlad je um\u011ble vytvo\u0159en\u00fd. Hlad je o moci a o tom, kdo ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 zdroje.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Zde jsou t\u0159i nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00fdty o sv\u011btov\u00e9m hladu \u2013 a pro\u010d jsou myln\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00fdtus prvn\u00ed: P\u0159elidn\u011bn\u00ed<\/span><\/h2>\n

V\u0161ichni jsme to sly\u0161eli: \u201eNa sv\u011bt\u011b je prost\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho lid\u00ed. Proto je tu hlad.\u201c Na prvn\u00ed pohled to zn\u00ed logicky \u2013 ale je to prost\u011b \u0161patn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sv\u011bt ji\u017e produkuje v\u00edce ne\u017e dostatek potravin pro v\u0161echny. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed produkce potravin ve skute\u010dnosti poskytuje v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 800 kalori\u00ed na osobu a den \u2013 a to ani nezahrnuje zeleninu, ovoce, lu\u0161t\u011bniny a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata krmen\u00e1 tr\u00e1vou. Probl\u00e9m nen\u00ed v nedostatku, ale v distribuci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jde o to,\u00a0<\/span>kdo j\u00ed a kdo ne.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Nejbohat\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b spot\u0159ebuj\u00ed mnohem v\u00edce, ne\u017e pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed pouze asi 4 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace, spot\u0159ebuj\u00ed asi 25 % jej\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Mezit\u00edm cel\u00e9 regiony glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu bojuj\u00ed o p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1padn\u00ed zem\u011b maj\u00ed dostatek pen\u011bz na to, aby u\u017eivily sv\u00e9 obyvatelstvo. Mezi hladem a dostupnost\u00ed p\u016fdy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 souvislost: V Nizozemsku \u017eije na \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00ed m\u00edli 1 350 lid\u00ed, zat\u00edmco v Bol\u00edvii pouze 26\u201331. P\u0159esto pat\u0159\u00ed Nizozemci k nejl\u00e9pe \u017eiven\u00fdm lidem na sv\u011bt\u011b, zat\u00edmco chud\u00ed v Bol\u00edvii pat\u0159\u00ed k nejv\u00edce podvy\u017eiven\u00fdm. Ani v Africe nen\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm potravinov\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem nedostatek p\u016fdy \u2013 v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pouze \u010dtvrtina potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jako d\u016fvod se \u010dasto uv\u00e1d\u00ed popula\u010dn\u00ed r\u016fst, zejm\u00e9na v Africe. Chud\u00e9 rodiny v\u0161ak maj\u00ed v\u00edce d\u011bt\u00ed ne z nev\u011bdomosti, ale z\u00a0<\/span>nutnosti<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. Kdy\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u010dtvrt\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b zem\u0159e p\u0159ed dosa\u017een\u00edm dosp\u011blosti a je pot\u0159eba v\u00edce pracovn\u00edk\u016f na pol\u00edch, velk\u00e9 rodiny jsou strategi\u00ed pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. Historicky se popula\u010dn\u00ed r\u016fst v Evrop\u011b a Severn\u00ed Americe zpomalil a\u017e po zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b.\u00a0<\/span>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed chudoby vede k men\u0161\u00edm rodin\u00e1m \u2013 ne naopak.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Skute\u010dn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka tedy nezn\u00ed \u201ep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho lid\u00ed\u201c, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e:\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho bohatstv\u00ed v rukou hrstky.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00fdtus druh\u00fd: Po\u010das\u00ed<\/span><\/h2>\n

Kdy\u017e ude\u0159\u00ed hladomor, titulky novin hovo\u0159\u00ed o \u201esuchu\u201c, \u201ez\u00e1plav\u00e1ch\u201c nebo \u201enedostatku de\u0161t\u011b\u201c. Po\u010das\u00ed je v\u0161ak p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou hladu jen z\u0159\u00eddka. Chudoba a nerovnost ano.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy se vyskytuj\u00ed v\u0161ude: hurik\u00e1ny v USA, zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed v Japonsku, sucha v Austr\u00e1lii. Ale t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00ed lid\u00e9 tam neum\u00edraj\u00ed \u2013 proto\u017ee tyto zem\u011b maj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, infrastrukturu a zdroje<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

V chud\u00fdch zem\u00edch jsou v\u0161ak pr\u00e1v\u011b chud\u00ed nuceni \u017e\u00edt v nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch oblastech \u2013 v z\u00e1plavov\u00fdch oblastech, na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00edch n\u00e1chyln\u00fdch k cyklon\u016fm nebo v k\u0159ehk\u00fdch p\u016fd\u00e1ch. Kdy\u017e ude\u0159\u00ed katastrofa, plat\u00ed za to oni. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v Banglad\u00e9\u0161i cyklony \u010dasto zab\u00edjej\u00ed ty nejchud\u0161\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed byli nuceni usadit se na nestabiln\u00edch ostrovech v Beng\u00e1lsk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu. Bohat\u0161\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 se solidn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm bydlen\u00edm a p\u0159\u00edstupem k pomoci p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V 19. stolet\u00ed um\u00edrali farm\u00e1\u0159i ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech hlady b\u011bhem sucha, ale dnes tomu br\u00e1n\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed plodin, vl\u00e1dn\u00ed pomoc a infrastruktura. V Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii se p\u0161enice p\u011bstuje dokonce i v pou\u0161ti \u2013 pokud je dostatek pen\u011bz a technologi\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>Hlad v Africe tedy nen\u00ed zp\u016fsoben klimatem, ale nedostatkem pen\u011bz, infrastruktury a politick\u00e9 v\u016fle.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna v\u0161echno zhor\u0161uje, ale to, zda lid\u00e9 budou hladov\u011bt nebo p\u0159e\u017eij\u00ed, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na chudob\u011b, nerovnosti a p\u0159\u00edstupu ke zdroj\u016fm \u2013 nejen na de\u0161ti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me, \u017ee \u201ehladomor byl zp\u016fsoben suchem\u201c, zbavujeme t\u00edm viny vl\u00e1dy a korporace.\u00a0<\/span>Pravda: Katastrofy odhaluj\u00ed, kdo byl marginalizov\u00e1n \u2013 a kdo je ponech\u00e1n napospas smrti.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00fdtus t\u0159et\u00ed: V\u011bda<\/span><\/h2>\n

T\u0159et\u00ed m\u00fdtus je sv\u016fdn\u00fd: \u017ee technologie a v\u011bda kone\u010dn\u011b ukon\u010d\u00ed hlad.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eZelen\u00e1 revoluce\u201c 20. stolet\u00ed \u2013 vysoce v\u00fdnosn\u00e1 semena, hnojiva a pesticidy \u2013 byla vychvalov\u00e1na jako z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Ve skute\u010dnosti v\u0161ak jen m\u00e1lo v\u011bc\u00ed vy\u0159e\u0161ila a \u010dasto v\u011bci dokonce zhor\u0161ila.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vysoce v\u00fdnosn\u00e9 plodiny zn\u00ed dob\u0159e, ale vy\u017eaduj\u00ed drah\u00e9 vstupy. Bohat\u00ed farm\u00e1\u0159i si je mohou koupit, chud\u00ed ne. D\u016fsledek: bohat\u00ed prosperuj\u00ed, chud\u00ed se zadlu\u017euj\u00ed \u2013 a p\u016fda se koncentruje v rukou st\u00e1le men\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu lid\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ano, Indie se z hladov\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed zem\u011b stala \u010dist\u00fdm v\u00fdvozcem. Miliony Ind\u016f v\u0161ak st\u00e1le trp\u00ed podv\u00fd\u017eivou. Pro\u010d? Proto\u017ee produkce je ur\u010dena pro trh, ne pro lidi. Obil\u00ed se vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, zat\u00edmco chud\u00e9 rodiny si ho nemohou dovolit.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eZelen\u00e1 revoluce\u201c s sebou p\u0159inesla i\u00a0<\/span>skryt\u00e9 n\u00e1klady<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0: vy\u010derpanou p\u016fdu, otr\u00e1ven\u00e9 vodn\u00ed syst\u00e9my a farm\u00e1\u0159e uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00e9 v dluz\u00edch. V Indii sp\u00e1chaly tis\u00edce farm\u00e1\u0159\u016f sebevra\u017edu kv\u016fli nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu zadlu\u017een\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9mu z\u00e1vislost\u00ed na osivech a chemik\u00e1li\u00edch. Korporace z toho profitovaly \u2013 drobn\u00ed farm\u00e1\u0159i ztr\u00e1celi.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bda nen\u00ed ze sv\u00e9 podstaty \u0161patn\u00e1:\u00a0<\/span>agroekologie, diverzita a m\u00edstn\u00ed znalosti<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0nab\u00edzej\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Negeneruj\u00ed v\u0161ak zisk pro korporace, a proto jsou odsouv\u00e1ny stranou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hlad ne\u010dek\u00e1 na pr\u016flom.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed existuj\u00ed ji\u017e dlouho: pozemkov\u00e1 reforma, oddlu\u017een\u00ed, potravinov\u00e1 suverenita a konec zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s potravinami jako s pouhou komoditou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Drsn\u00e1 pravda<\/span><\/h2>\n

Sv\u011btov\u00fd hlad se net\u00fdk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edrody, v\u011bdy ani \u201ep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoha \u00fast\u201c. Jde o\u00a0<\/span>politiku, chamtivost a moc<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. J\u00eddla je dost. Zdroj\u016f je dost. Ale v syst\u00e9mu, kde bohat\u00ed konzumuj\u00ed a ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed v\u00edce, ne\u017e pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed, miliony lid\u00ed hladov\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u017e p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkdo \u0159ekne: \u201eNo, tak to prost\u011b je,\u201c pamatujte:\u00a0<\/span>hlad nen\u00ed nevyhnuteln\u00fd. Je zp\u016fsoben \u010dlov\u011bkem \u2013 a d\u00e1 se zvr\u00e1tit.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Je hlad zp\u016fsoben lenost\u00ed a korupc\u00ed?<\/span><\/h2>\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed vin\u00ed samotn\u00e9 hladov\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed lidi \u2013 lenost nebo korupci. To je nejen \u0161patn\u00e9, ale i nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a dehumanizuj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina hladov\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch pracuje ne\u00fanavn\u011b: Zem\u011bd\u011blci v Africe, Asii a Latinsk\u00e9 Americe \u010dasto pracuj\u00ed 12\u201316 hodin denn\u011b \u2013 a p\u0159esto sotva u\u017eiv\u00ed sv\u00e9 rodiny, proto\u017ee ceny jsou n\u00edzk\u00e9, trhy jsou vyko\u0159is\u0165ovatelsk\u00e9 nebo klimatick\u00e9 \u0161oky jsou ni\u010div\u00e9. Pouli\u010dn\u00ed prodejci a n\u00e1den\u00edci d\u0159ou donekone\u010dna, ohro\u017eeni vyst\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00edm, dluhy nebo nedostatkem p\u0159\u00edstupu k z\u00e1kladn\u00edm slu\u017eb\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Korupce existuje \u2013 ale nen\u00ed jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou.\u00a0<\/span>Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed struktury<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, jako je zahrani\u010dn\u00ed dluh, nekal\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed dohody, zab\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy korporacemi a vyko\u0159is\u0165ovatelsk\u00e9 programy pomoci, zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed hlad.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obvi\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed chud\u00fdch je odv\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed taktika mocn\u00fdch. Hlad nen\u00ed lenost. Hlad je odep\u0159en\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Co ud\u011bl\u00e1te, kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo pronese dob\u0159e m\u00edn\u011bnou, ale zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed pozn\u00e1mku o hladov\u00fdch? M\u016f\u017eete frustrovan\u011b ml\u010det,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":87944,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1941,1503,794,276],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87943"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=87943"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87943\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/87944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=87943"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=87943"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=87943"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}