{"id":87891,"date":"2025-09-17T00:12:25","date_gmt":"2025-09-16T22:12:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=87891"},"modified":"2025-09-16T08:40:31","modified_gmt":"2025-09-16T06:40:31","slug":"proc-cina-utraci-400-miliard-za-zeleznici-pres-puste-hory-v-tibetu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/09\/17\/proc-cina-utraci-400-miliard-za-zeleznici-pres-puste-hory-v-tibetu\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d \u010c\u00edna utr\u00e1c\u00ed 400 miliard za \u017eeleznici p\u0159es pust\u00e9 hory v Tibetu?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V n\u00e1vaznosti na projekt p\u0159ehrady Jarlung Tsangpo, o kter\u00e9m bylo ozn\u00e1meno za\u010d\u00e1tkem tohoto roku, zah\u00e1jila \u010c\u00edna v Tibetu dal\u0161\u00ed vysoce strategick\u00fd infrastrukturn\u00ed projekt, o kter\u00e9m se dosud sotva diskutovalo. P\u0159edstavuje investici ve v\u00fd\u0161i 300 a\u017e 400 miliard juan\u016f \u2013 co\u017e je mnohem v\u00edce ne\u017e celkov\u00fd ro\u010dn\u00ed HDP Tibetu (276,5 miliardy juan\u016f v roce 2024).<\/span><\/p>\n

Jde o novou \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed tra\u0165\u00a0<\/span>spojuj\u00edc\u00ed Hotan (Hetian) v provincii Sin-\u0165iang se \u0160igace (Xigaz\u00ea) v Tibetu<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. Trasa vede t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 po cel\u00e9 d\u00e9lce Him\u00e1laje, pod\u00e9l ji\u017en\u00ed hranice Tibetu s Indi\u00ed a Nep\u00e1lem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento projekt je jedn\u00edm z nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00edch \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edch projekt\u016f, jak\u00e9 kdy byly kdekoli realizov\u00e1ny \u2013 a to i p\u0159es to, \u017ee obsluhuje velmi malou populaci: Pod\u00e9l trasy \u017eije pouze asi 500 000 lid\u00ed. Na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 pom\u011bry je tato trasa prakticky opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1. V p\u0159epo\u010dtu na n\u00e1klady se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0<\/span>investici t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 milion juan\u016f na obyvatele<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro\u010d tedy stav\u011bt takovou \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed tra\u0165, kdy\u017e jsou n\u00e1klady astronomicky vysok\u00e9 a lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed z toho maj\u00ed prosp\u011bch, je tak m\u00e1lo?<\/span><\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee projekt je z n\u011bkolika d\u016fvod\u016f\u00a0<\/span>vysoce strategick\u00fd<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 strategie \u201erenesance pozemn\u00ed moci\u201c<\/span><\/h2>\n

Pro p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed, slavn\u00e1 \u201eteorie srdce zem\u011b\u201c Halforda Mackindera tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee moc nad euroasijsk\u00fdm srdcem \u2013 nikoli nad oce\u00e1ny \u2013 nakonec ur\u010d\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d. Po stalet\u00ed se tato teorie zd\u00e1la b\u00fdt myln\u00e1, proto\u017ee se zd\u00e1lo, \u017ee \u201eteorie n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed moci\u201c Alfreda Thayera Mahana byla d\u016fsledn\u011b ospravedln\u011bna: Portugalsko, \u0160pan\u011blsko, Nizozemsko, Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie, USA \u2013 v\u0161echny hlavn\u00ed mocnosti posledn\u00edch 500 let byly n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edmi mocnostmi. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd z\u00e1zrak byl tak\u00e9 zalo\u017een na pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed doprav\u011b a i dnes se 90 % sv\u011btov\u00e9ho obchodu uskute\u010d\u0148uje po mo\u0159i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed v\u0161ak \u010c\u00edna prosazuje strategii\u00a0<\/span>\u201erenesance pozemn\u00ed moci\u201c (\u9646\u6743\u590d\u5174)<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. Buduje nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo na sv\u011bt\u011b a udr\u017euje si svou n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edlu \u2013 z\u00e1rove\u0148 ale Peking investuje biliony do transkontinent\u00e1ln\u00edho propojen\u00ed. Zaji\u0161\u0165uje si tak ob\u011b mo\u017enosti: n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dominanci\u00a0<\/span>a<\/span><\/em>\u00a0alternativn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd sni\u017euje jej\u00ed z\u00e1vislost na oce\u00e1nech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto bylo od sam\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku j\u00e1drem\u00a0<\/span>iniciativy P\u00e1s a stezka (BRI)<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, kterou Si \u0164in-pching p\u0159edstavil v roce 2013 v Astan\u011b v Kazachst\u00e1nu \u2013 z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 v srdci eurasijsk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed. Tato nov\u00e1 tibetsk\u00e1 \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed tra\u0165 se stane kl\u00ed\u010dovou tepnou v infrastrukturn\u00ed s\u00edti spojuj\u00edc\u00ed Tibet \u2013 \u00fazem\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed osminu \u010c\u00edny \u2013 se St\u0159edn\u00ed Asi\u00ed a v dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu i s Nep\u00e1lem, Indi\u00ed a Banglad\u00e9\u0161em.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spolu se st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmi nebo pl\u00e1novan\u00fdmi projekty \u2013\u00a0<\/span>\u010cching-chaj-tibetskou \u017eeleznic\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>S‘-\u010dchuan-tibetskou \u017eeleznic\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(ve v\u00fdstavb\u011b) a\u00a0<\/span>J\u00fcn-nan-tibetskou \u017eeleznic\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(pl\u00e1novanou) \u2013 se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>5 000 km dlouh\u00e1 \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, kter\u00e1 prom\u011bn\u00ed Lhasu v logistick\u00e9 centrum. \u010cist\u00e1 ekonomika? Ne \u2013 strategick\u00e1 geopolitika v duchu Mackindera.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010cchingchajsko-tibetsk\u00e1 plo\u0161ina nav\u00edc obsahuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b\u00a0<\/span>30 % sv\u011btov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob lithia<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, v\u00edce ne\u017e polovinu \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch z\u00e1sob m\u011bdi a velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed chromu a kov\u016f vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin \u2013 to v\u0161e jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 suroviny pro baterie, elektromobily a zelenou energii. Doposud byly tyto zdroje kv\u016fli n\u00e1klad\u016fm na dopravu prakticky uzav\u0159eny. Tato \u017eeleznice m\u011bn\u00ed situaci: Tibet se z nep\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 perifern\u00ed oblasti m\u011bn\u00ed na\u00a0<\/span>strategickou \u010d\u00ednskou rezervu surovin<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u00dazemn\u00ed konsolidace<\/span><\/h2>\n

Prim\u00e1rn\u00edm c\u00edlem je\u00a0<\/span>\u00fazemn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. \u017delezni\u010dn\u00ed tra\u0165 vede p\u0159es oblasti, kter\u00e9 si Indie n\u00e1rokuje jako \u201eAksaj\u010din\u201c. V\u00fdstavba silnice v t\u00e9to oblasti v 50. letech 20. stolet\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011bla k rozpout\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>\u010d\u00ednsko-indick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v roce 1962.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Nyn\u00ed se \u017eeleznice stav\u00ed pod\u00e9l t\u00e9to silnice (\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed d\u00e1lnice 219).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna tak vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>nezvratn\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0: kdokoli, kdo investuje 400 miliard juan\u016f, u\u017e nebude moci toto \u00fazem\u00ed vyjedn\u00e1vat.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u017deleznice m\u00e1 tak\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>vojensk\u00fd rozm\u011br<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0: voj\u00e1ky a vybaven\u00ed lze p\u0159esunout na z\u00e1padn\u00ed hranici b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika hodin \u2013 rychleji, ne\u017e by Indie mohla reagovat. To z\u00e1sadn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hu sil a p\u016fsob\u00ed odstra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem: po\u010detn\u00ed p\u0159evaha zabra\u0148uje konfliktu, zat\u00edmco parita by jim vyhovovala.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 strategie Si \u0164in-pchinga n\u00e1sleduje p\u0159\u00edklad prvn\u00edho c\u00edsa\u0159e \u010cchin \u0160‘-chuanga, kter\u00fd po 2 500 let upev\u0148oval jednotu \u010c\u00edny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sd\u00edlen\u00e9 infrastruktury, standard\u016f a dopravn\u00edch tras. Ka\u017ed\u00fd tunel, ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u017eeleznice, propojuje Tibet se zbytkem \u010c\u00edny \u2013 a upev\u0148uje hranice.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd rozvoj a cestovn\u00ed ruch<\/span><\/h2>\n

V neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b m\u00e1 \u017eeleznice podpo\u0159it\u00a0<\/span>cestovn\u00ed ruch a ekonomiku<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. Tibetsk\u00e1 ekonomika ji\u017e roste rychleji ne\u017e cel\u00e1 \u010c\u00edna. HDP na obyvatele (2024: 88 116 juan\u016f, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 12 400 USD) je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v Braz\u00edlii, Thajsku a v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v Indii \u2013 jen m\u00edrn\u011b pod \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm pr\u016fm\u011brem.<\/span><\/p>\n

S investicemi do stovek miliard dolar\u016f a 3,7 milionu obyvatel by se Tibet mohl brzy st\u00e1t jedn\u00edm z nejbohat\u0161\u00edch region\u016f na obyvatele. Jen \u017eeleznice p\u0159edstavuje n\u00e1klady na infrastrukturu p\u0159es 15 000 USD na jednoho Tibe\u0165ana \u2013 v\u00edce ne\u017e ro\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zku\u0161enosti s\u00a0<\/span>\u010cching-chajsko-tibetskou \u017eeleznic\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0jsou jasn\u00e9: Po jej\u00edm vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed se po\u010det turist\u016f zv\u00fd\u0161il z 1,6 milionu v roce 2005 na 63 milion\u016f \u2013 co\u017e je \u010dty\u0159icetin\u00e1sobn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst. S novou \u017eeleznic\u00ed by Tibet mohl\u00a0<\/span>v budoucnu p\u0159iv\u00edtat p\u0159es 100 milion\u016f n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

To tak\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed \u00fazemn\u00ed konsolidaci: Kdy\u017e Tibet ekonomicky vzkv\u00e9t\u00e1, ob\u010dan\u00e9 t\u011b\u017e\u00ed z integrace a cestov\u00e1n\u00ed do Pekingu nebo \u0160anghaje se st\u00e1v\u00e1 ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivotem, separatistick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed se zmen\u0161uje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br: Strategick\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det m\u00edsto pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/h2>\n

Na prvn\u00ed pohled se \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed tra\u0165 jev\u00ed jako absurdn\u00ed pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed pen\u011bzi. Ve skute\u010dnosti ale sleduje nejm\u00e9n\u011b \u010dty\u0159i hlavn\u00ed c\u00edle:<\/span><\/p>\n

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  1. Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed surovin pro energetickou a technologickou transformaci.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Nezvratn\u00e1 kontrola nad sporn\u00fdmi hrani\u010dn\u00edmi oblastmi.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Ochrana p\u0159ed zranitelnost\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dopravy.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Ekonomick\u00e1 integrace a pacifikace Tibetu.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    USA utratily v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu 2 biliony dolar\u016f bez trval\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f. \u010c\u00edna investuje 56 miliard dolar\u016f do \u017eeleznice, kter\u00e1 bude rozv\u00edjet p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zdroje, pos\u00edl\u00ed hranice, upevn\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed jednotu a vytvo\u0159\u00ed alternativy k n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edmu obchodu.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tohle nen\u00ed pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed. Tohle je strategick\u00e1 proz\u00edravost.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Od Arnauda Bertranda<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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    Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    V n\u00e1vaznosti na projekt p\u0159ehrady Jarlung Tsangpo, o kter\u00e9m bylo ozn\u00e1meno za\u010d\u00e1tkem tohoto roku, zah\u00e1jila…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":87892,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,30,932,1533],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87891"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=87891"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87891\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/87892"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=87891"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=87891"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=87891"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}