{"id":87691,"date":"2025-09-13T03:33:28","date_gmt":"2025-09-13T01:33:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=87691"},"modified":"2025-09-13T03:33:28","modified_gmt":"2025-09-13T01:33:28","slug":"nejen-slaby-clanek-jihoafricka-republika-sazi-na-brics-blockchain-a-mistni-meny-proti-trumpovu-tlaku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/09\/13\/nejen-slaby-clanek-jihoafricka-republika-sazi-na-brics-blockchain-a-mistni-meny-proti-trumpovu-tlaku\/","title":{"rendered":"Nejen slab\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek: Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika s\u00e1z\u00ed na BRICS, blockchain a m\u00edstn\u00ed m\u011bny proti Trumpovu tlaku"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Zat\u00edmco Washington stup\u0148uje vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed celn\u00edmi sazbami, Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika zdvojn\u00e1sobuje spolupr\u00e1ci s BRICS. Od p\u0159ijet\u00ed kryptom\u011bn a\u017e po vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed v multim\u011bn\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt kombinace opatrnosti a inovac\u00ed v Jihoafrick\u00e9 republice jednou z nejpragmati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch odpov\u011bd\u00ed na Trump\u016fv finan\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1tlak; a dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu by mohly n\u00e1sledovat jeho p\u0159\u00edkladu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika, \u010dasto popisovan\u00e1 jako juniorn\u00ed partner v BRICS, se ned\u00e1vno ocitla v centru pozornosti zp\u016fsoby, kter\u00e9 by jen m\u00e1lo analytik\u016f p\u0159edv\u00eddalo. Na pozad\u00ed washingtonsk\u00e9ho celn\u00edho vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed a Trumpov\u00fdch st\u00e1le v\u00edce otev\u0159en\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f na blok Pretoria nejen br\u00e1nila sv\u00e9 \u010dlenstv\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 se ho sna\u017eila vyu\u017e\u00edt pro sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed a region\u00e1ln\u00ed priority. Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika zdaleka nen\u00ed pasivn\u00edm \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkem, ale ve skute\u010dnosti aktivn\u011b utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed debaty o diverzifikaci obchodu, platb\u00e1ch v m\u00edstn\u00edch m\u011bn\u00e1ch a roli kryptoaktiv v budouc\u00edch financ\u00edch. Zat\u00edmco titulky novin dominuj\u00ed debaty o tom, zda nov\u00e1 m\u011bna BRICS m\u016f\u017ee \u201eopravdu\u201c\u00a0<\/span>zpochybnit dolar<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, n\u011bkter\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed mnoh\u00fdmi do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry nepov\u0161imnuty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed kontext je zaj\u00edmav\u00fd. Jihoafrick\u00e9 devizov\u00e9 rezervy ned\u00e1vno dos\u00e1hly\u00a0<\/span>historick\u00e9ho maxima<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, zat\u00edmco\u00a0<\/span>rand pos\u00edlil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, co\u017e je trend, kter\u00fd n\u011bkter\u00e9 koment\u00e1tory zvykl\u00e9 na narativy o neust\u00e1l\u00e9 k\u0159ehkosti m\u011bn rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se trh\u016f m\u00e1tl. Ve skute\u010dnosti se tato akumulace rezerv shodovala s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed otev\u0159enost\u00ed alternativn\u00edm syst\u00e9m\u016fm vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a institucion\u00e1ln\u00edm tlakem na\u00a0<\/span>regulaci<\/span><\/a>\u00a0p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00edch tok\u016f kryptom\u011bn. Jihoafrick\u00fd rand dosud nejen\u017ee p\u0159e\u017eil turbulence kolem expanze BRICS a celn\u00ed r\u00e9toriky Washingtonu, ale vy\u0161el z nich i pon\u011bkud siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika se ve\u0159ejn\u011b distancovala od n\u00e1vrh\u016f na novou m\u011bnu BRICS, Pretoria podporuje \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed iniciativy v r\u00e1mci bloku na pos\u00edlen\u00ed obchodu a finan\u010dn\u00ed integrace\u00a0<\/span>s vyu\u017eit\u00edm m\u00edstn\u00edch m\u011bn<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, jak opakovan\u011b zd\u016fraznil jihoafrick\u00fd prezident Cyril Ramaphosa, \u010d\u00edm\u017e\u00a0<\/span>se zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0kurzov\u00e1 rizika \u2013 a to i\u00a0<\/span>bez<\/span><\/a>\u00a0snahy o \u00faplnou dedolarizaci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je pravda, \u017ee i Pretoria byla opatrn\u00e1. Zpr\u00e1vy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika\u00a0<\/span>urychlila sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed platebn\u00ed syst\u00e9my zalo\u017een\u00e9 na blockchainu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, aby se vyhnula z\u00e1vislosti na jak\u00e9koli jednotliv\u00e9 m\u011bnov\u00e9 iniciativ\u011b BRICS. A\u0165 je to jakkoli, nejedn\u00e1 se ani tak o odm\u00edtnut\u00ed m\u011bnov\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u016f BRICS, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e o snahu zajistit, aby v tomto procesu nedo\u0161lo ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b suverenity. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by se dalo nam\u00edtnout, \u017ee Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdznamn\u011b t\u011b\u017eit z \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch mechanism\u016f BRICS, od swap\u016f a\u017e po obchodn\u00ed vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na pokud mohou koexistovat s jej\u00edmi dom\u00e1c\u00edmi inovacemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad Trumpovo vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed celn\u00edmi sazbami, nam\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 nejen proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b, ale i proti cel\u00e9 zemi BRICS, ne\u00famysln\u011b pos\u00edlilo argument Pretorie pro diverzifikaci. Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika opakovan\u011b volala po nov\u00fdch\u00a0<\/span>obchodn\u00edch koridorech<\/span><\/a>\u00a0spojuj\u00edc\u00edch Afriku, Asii a Latinskou Ameriku. Nejde jen o r\u00e9toriku. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee Africk\u00e1 kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00f3na voln\u00e9ho obchodu (AfCFTA) pomalu z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 na popularit\u011b, Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika\u00a0<\/span>se pova\u017euje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0za\u00a0<\/span>most<\/span><\/a>\u00a0mezi\u00a0<\/span>kontinentem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed platformou BRICS. Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee Pretoria\u00a0<\/span>zdvojn\u00e1sobila sv\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky v\u016f\u010di BRICS<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, i kdy\u017e se ji Washington sna\u017e\u00ed izolovat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obvin\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee se Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika mo\u017en\u00e1 od BRICS\u00a0<\/span>odkl\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, jak nazna\u010duj\u00ed n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed analytici, je tedy zna\u010dn\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed. Pretoria ve sv\u00e9m postoji k BRICS nezakol\u00edsala; sp\u00ed\u0161e naopak potvrdila svou roli v prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed reformy glob\u00e1ln\u00ed spr\u00e1vy a spolupr\u00e1ce Jih-Jih.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kritici \u010dasto zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed t\u0159enice v r\u00e1mci BRICS, jako jsou debaty o \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m n\u00e1vrhu zav\u00e9st\u00a0<\/span>j\u00fcan<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jako de facto blokovou m\u011bnu. Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika a Indie skute\u010dn\u011b projevily opatrnost a preferovaly syst\u00e9m s v\u00edce m\u011bnami. Navzdory p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00edm kolapsu se v\u0161ak \u010dlen\u016fm BRICS dosud poda\u0159ilo prom\u011bnit rozmanitost ve vyjedn\u00e1vac\u00ed p\u00e1ku. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee Pretoria i nad\u00e1le pova\u017euje BRICS za z\u00e1kladn\u00ed k\u00e1men sv\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u011bekonomick\u00e9 strategie. Rusk\u00e1 podpora prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm\u00a0<\/span>Nov\u00e9 rozvojov\u00e9 banky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0BRICS nav\u00edc pomohla financovat\u00a0<\/span>infrastrukturn\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0projekty v cel\u00e9 Africe, zat\u00edmco \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 investice do pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch z\u00f3n a\u00a0<\/span>digit\u00e1ln\u00ed infrastruktury<\/span><\/a>\u00a0vytvo\u0159ily nov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pro\u00a0<\/span>obchod<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a transfer technologi\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika se skute\u010dn\u011b vyznamenala v oblasti digit\u00e1ln\u00edch aktiv, jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno. Subsaharsk\u00e1 Afrika se jako celek stala t\u0159et\u00edm nejrychleji rostouc\u00edm kryptoregionem a Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika vynik\u00e1 sv\u00fdm\u00a0<\/span>pokro\u010dil\u00fdm regula\u010dn\u00edm r\u00e1mcem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. To umo\u017enilo vznik institucion\u00e1ln\u00edch hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f, jako je\u00a0<\/span>Altvest<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00fd ned\u00e1vno ozn\u00e1mil pl\u00e1ny na z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>210 milion\u016f dolar\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na n\u00e1kup bitcoinu jako rezervn\u00edho aktiva. Tento v\u00fdvoj je v souladu s \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rezervn\u00ed strategi\u00ed Pretorie a m\u016f\u017ee z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska dopl\u0148ovat dedolarizaci BRICS.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00da\u0159ady tak\u00e9 zp\u0159\u00eds\u0148uj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>da\u0148ov\u00fd dohled<\/span><\/a>\u00a0nad investory do kryptom\u011bn a z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u00edtaj\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed iniciativy v oblasti stablecoin\u016f. Toto regula\u010dn\u00ed zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed nesignifikuje nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed, ale institucionalizaci. Kupodivu Bitcoin ji\u017e v Africe vede v oblasti adopce kryptom\u011bn a \u010dasto\u00a0<\/span>vytla\u010duje samotn\u00fd dolar<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. P\u0159ijet\u00edm krypto r\u00e1mc\u016f spolu s iniciativami BRICS se Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed zajistit proti finan\u010dn\u00edmu arzen\u00e1lu USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 si vzpomeneme, \u017ee Washington se neost\u00fdchal zneu\u017e\u00edvat finance jako zbra\u0148. Jak jsem ned\u00e1vno\u00a0<\/span>argumentoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, americk\u00e9 kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my jsou st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako n\u00e1stroje k odstran\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1vazk\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm manipulace s digit\u00e1ln\u00edmi aktivy (a dokonce i se zlatem). To je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed historick\u00e9ho kontinua finan\u010dn\u00edch inovac\u00ed slou\u017e\u00edc\u00edch jako zbra\u0148 kontroly. Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika se tak zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt opatrn\u00e1 v t\u011bchto vod\u00e1ch, vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 r\u00e1mce BRICS a z\u00e1rove\u0148 si vyv\u00edj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed mechanismy digit\u00e1ln\u00edch financ\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 rozvojov\u00e1 banka BRICS (NDB), jak jsem ji\u017e zm\u00ednil\u00a0<\/span>jinde<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pon\u011bkud nedostate\u010dn\u011b informovanou, ale kl\u00ed\u010dovou instituc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zpochyb\u0148uje hegemonii dolaru. Pretoria d\u016fsledn\u011b podporuje jej\u00ed expanzi do Afriky, \u010d\u00edm\u017e slad\u00ed sv\u00e9 rozvojov\u00e9 pot\u0159eby s \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmi c\u00edli finan\u010dn\u00ed suverenity.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, narativ o Jihoafrick\u00e9 republice jako pouh\u00e9m \u201eslab\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku\u201c BRICS je zastaral\u00fd. Zem\u011b experimentuje na pr\u016fse\u010d\u00edku tradi\u010dn\u00edch financ\u00ed, spolupr\u00e1ce BRICS a digit\u00e1ln\u00edch inovac\u00ed. Jej\u00ed opatrn\u00e9 p\u0159ijet\u00ed blockchainu, prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed obchodu s v\u00edce m\u011bnami a odm\u00edtnut\u00ed podl\u00e9hat celn\u00edmu vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed signalizuj\u00ed, \u017ee si n\u00e1rod vyty\u010duje vlastn\u00ed cestu. A\u0165 je to jakkoli, dvoj\u00ed strategie Pretorie \u2013 zakotven\u00e1 v BRICS, ale flexibiln\u00ed s kryptom\u011bnami \u2013 by se mohla uk\u00e1zat jako pragmatick\u00e1 reakce na ekonomick\u00fd tlak Washingtonu. A dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu by si mohly zvolit podobnou cestu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD<\/a>. v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zat\u00edmco Washington stup\u0148uje vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed celn\u00edmi sazbami, Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika zdvojn\u00e1sobuje spolupr\u00e1ci s BRICS. Od p\u0159ijet\u00ed kryptom\u011bn…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":87692,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1161,45,900,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87691"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=87691"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87691\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/87692"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=87691"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=87691"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=87691"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}