{"id":87107,"date":"2025-09-05T07:43:19","date_gmt":"2025-09-05T05:43:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=87107"},"modified":"2025-09-05T07:43:19","modified_gmt":"2025-09-05T05:43:19","slug":"cina-a-rusko-nove-definuji-namorni-silu-spolecne-hlidkovani-ponorek-signalizuje-novou-namorni-eru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/09\/05\/cina-a-rusko-nove-definuji-namorni-silu-spolecne-hlidkovani-ponorek-signalizuje-novou-namorni-eru\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010c\u00edna a Rusko nov\u011b definuj\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edlu: spole\u010dn\u00e9 hl\u00eddkov\u00e1n\u00ed ponorek signalizuje novou n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed \u00e9ru"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Rusk\u00e9 a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 ponorky provedly svou prvn\u00ed spole\u010dnou hl\u00eddku v Tichomo\u0159\u00ed, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje zlomov\u00fd okam\u017eik pro n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci. Spolu s cvi\u010den\u00edmi v Indick\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii tyto man\u00e9vry odhaluj\u00ed hybridn\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edlu kombinuj\u00edc\u00ed technologii, pr\u016fmyslovou s\u00edlu a strategick\u00e1 spojenectv\u00ed. USA zase \u010del\u00ed limit\u016fm v udr\u017een\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dominance uprost\u0159ed vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed eurasijsk\u00e9 koordinace.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Minul\u00fd t\u00fdden provedly rusk\u00e9 a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 ponorky svou\u00a0<\/span>prvn\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0spole\u010dnou\u00a0<\/span>hl\u00eddku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v Pacifiku, co\u017e znamenalo historick\u00fd miln\u00edk v n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci mezi dv\u011bma kontinent\u00e1ln\u00edmi mocnostmi, kter\u00e9 jsou tradi\u010dn\u011b spojov\u00e1ny s pozemn\u00ed dominanc\u00ed neboli \u201e\u00a0<\/span>pozemn\u00ed mocnost\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c v klasick\u00e9 geopolitick\u00e9 terminologii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato hl\u00eddka prob\u011bhla \u010dty\u0159i t\u00fddny pot\u00e9, co Rusko a \u010c\u00edna\u00a0<\/span>provedly<\/span><\/a>\u00a0sv\u00e9 prvn\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>Joint Sea-2025<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1.\u20135. srpna). Ponorkov\u00e1 operace, kter\u00e1 demonstrovala koordinovan\u00e9 man\u00e9vry na hladin\u011b i pod vodou, se rozprost\u00edrala ve strategicky citliv\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch\u00a0<\/span>Japonsk\u00e9ho\u00a0<\/span><\/a>a V\u00fdchodo\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Japonsko, hlavn\u00ed americk\u00fd region\u00e1ln\u00ed spojenec,\u00a0<\/span>dohl\u00ed\u017eelo<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na flotilu pobl\u00ed\u017e sv\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed: tyto\u00a0<\/span>vody<\/span><\/a>\u00a0byly ji\u017e dlouho ohniskem region\u00e1ln\u00ed rivality \u2013\u00a0<\/span>\u00fazemn\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, politick\u00e9 i strategick\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 si vzpomeneme, \u017ee v b\u0159eznu se v r\u00e1mci cvi\u010den\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed p\u00e1s 2025<\/span><\/a>\u00a0setkaly \u010c\u00edna, Rusko a \u00cdr\u00e1n ve strategicky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9m Indick\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu, v\u00a0<\/span>Om\u00e1nsk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(pobl\u00ed\u017e p\u0159\u00edstavu \u010cabah\u00e1r p\u0159\u00edmo soused\u00edc\u00edho s Hormuzsk\u00fdm pr\u016flivem) pod\u00e9l kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch koridor\u016f. Tyto man\u00e9vry byly koncipov\u00e1ny nejen jako vojensk\u00e1 cvi\u010den\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 jako politick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly. Ve skute\u010dnosti, kdy\u017e se na n\u011b pod\u00edv\u00e1me spole\u010dn\u011b \u2013 b\u0159eznov\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edstrann\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed, srpnov\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed Mo\u0159e 2025 a nyn\u00ed bezprecedentn\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 hl\u00eddkov\u00e1n\u00ed ponorek \u2013 je vzorec nezam\u011bniteln\u00fd: \u010c\u00edna a Rusko neust\u00e1le nov\u011b definuj\u00ed v\u00fdznam \u201en\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edly\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Podle<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(odborn\u00edk\u016f ze \u0160koly mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch studi\u00ed) Ma Boa a Li Zishuita v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed p\u00e1s 2025 tak\u00e9 ilustroval strategick\u00e9 p\u0159ijet\u00ed \u201eminilateralismu\u201c ze strany Pekingu, kde omezen\u00e9 a flexibiln\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed koalice posiluj\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost i dosah \u010c\u00edny pod\u00e9l \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch tras. Cvi\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zahrnuje \u00fadery s ostrou st\u0159elbou, hl\u00eddky proti pir\u00e1tstv\u00ed a koordinaci mezi letectvem a n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvem, ukazuje, jak bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed mal\u00fdch skupin nab\u00edz\u00ed Pekingu praktick\u00fd vliv bez nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed se na nafoukl\u00e9 multilater\u00e1ln\u00ed instituce. \u010c\u00edna a jej\u00ed partne\u0159i ve skute\u010dnosti st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tyto minilater\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00e1mce k ochran\u011b obchodn\u00edch koridor\u016f a k p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed architektury podle vlastn\u00edch podm\u00ednek.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto man\u00e9vry jsou nav\u00edc sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>\u0161ir\u0161\u00edho strategick\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u010c\u00edny a Ruska o zdokonalen\u00ed hybridn\u00edch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch doktr\u00edn, kter\u00e9 spojuj\u00ed konven\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edlu s technologick\u00fdm a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm potenci\u00e1lem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty se naopak jev\u00ed jako st\u00e1le v\u00edce p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 (t\u00e9ma, o kter\u00e9m jsem\u00a0se ji\u017e n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t z r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fahl\u016f pohledu\u00a0<\/span>zm\u00ednil ). Jejich n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo sice udr\u017euje glob\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost v Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu, Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu, St\u0159edozemn\u00edm mo\u0159i a Rud\u00e9m mo\u0159i, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 se pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s probl\u00e9my s adaptac\u00ed na novou\u00a0<\/span><\/a>arktickou realitu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u2013 investuje do operac\u00ed s mo\u017enost\u00ed operac\u00ed v ledu a transpol\u00e1rn\u00edho dohledu, jeliko\u017e klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny otev\u00edraj\u00ed trasy v Severn\u00edm mo\u0159i. Washingtonsk\u00e1 strategie se dosud spol\u00e9hala na projekci trval\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnosti v\u0161ude, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se vy\u010derp\u00e1valy jej\u00ed zdroje. Sta\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee tento p\u0159\u00edstup se st\u00e1v\u00e1 neudr\u017eiteln\u00fdm tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 rovnocenn\u00fdm konkurent\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, agiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a m\u00e9n\u011b zapleteni do glob\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159esahu, abych tak \u0159ekl.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vzestup \u010c\u00edny jako n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed mocnosti mezit\u00edm nen\u00ed jen ot\u00e1zkou \u010d\u00edsel, a\u010dkoli expanze jej\u00ed flotily je v ka\u017ed\u00e9m ohledu dostate\u010dn\u011b p\u016fsobiv\u00e1. Jde o to, co bych nazval \u201en\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed-pr\u016fmyslov\u011b-strategickou\u201c tri\u00e1dou:\u00a0<\/span>kombinac\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0kapacity\u00a0<\/span>stavby lod\u00ed , technologick\u00fdch inovac\u00ed (od\u00a0<\/span><\/a>podmo\u0159sk\u00fdch dron\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed\u00a0a\u017e po\u00a0<\/span>hypersonick\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0protilodn\u00ed st\u0159ely) a geopolitick\u00e9 vize. Peking s\u00e1z\u00ed na nov\u00e9 oblasti \u2013\u00a0<\/span>kybernetickou bezpe\u010dnost<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>vesm\u00edr<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>infrastrukturu mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u2013 integrovan\u00e9 do n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed strategie, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed hybridn\u00ed formu n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edly, jakou si Alfred Thayer Mahan jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed dok\u00e1zal p\u0159edstavit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rusko do t\u00e9to rovnice p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed bojem prov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 flotily a strategickou geografii. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sv\u00e9 region\u00e1ln\u00ed znalosti (a\u0165 u\u017e v\u00a0<\/span>\u010cern\u00e9m mo\u0159i<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>Arktid\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0nebo nyn\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii<\/span><\/a>\u00a0) a z\u00e1rove\u0148 koordinuje sv\u00e9 aktivity s Pekingem prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm spole\u010dn\u00fdch cvi\u010den\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm hr\u00e1\u010dem p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se vzorc\u016f glob\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti. Je pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee provozuje nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed flotilu\u00a0<\/span>jadern\u00fdch<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ledoborc\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00e9 jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro udr\u017een\u00ed celoro\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu k\u00a0<\/span>Severomo\u0159sk\u00e9 trase<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Ob\u011b euroasijsk\u00e9 mocnosti spole\u010dn\u011b vyva\u017euj\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed rovnici.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je i \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed kontext. Jen p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika dny byl sv\u011bt v Pekingu sv\u011bdkem vojensk\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159ehl\u00eddky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00e9 se z\u00fa\u010dastnili v\u016fdci \u010c\u00edny, Ruska, Severn\u00ed Koreje a \u00cdr\u00e1nu. A\u010dkoli se d\u00e1 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee p\u0159ehl\u00eddka je do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry symbolick\u00e1, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje rostouc\u00ed soulad mezi diplomatick\u00fdmi sign\u00e1ly, strategick\u00fdmi aliancemi a hmatateln\u00fdmi vojensk\u00fdmi schopnostmi v cel\u00e9 Eurasii.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed v tomto \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm kontextu p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148 cvi\u010di\u0161t\u011b, demonstrace odstra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed a politick\u00e9 divadlo. Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee analytici jsou st\u00e1le opatrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, pokud jde o p\u0159ece\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00edho dosahu USA v t\u011bchto slo\u017eit\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jde o to, \u017ee kdy\u017e dnes mluv\u00edme o \u201en\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edle\u201c, nesm\u00edme uva\u017eovat v klasick\u00fdch pojmech ton\u00e1\u017ee a bitevn\u00edch lod\u00ed, ale v pojmech hybridn\u00edch schopnost\u00ed, nov\u00fdch koalic a sporn\u00fdch \u00fazk\u00fdch bod\u016f. Pokud jde o starou dichotomii mezi \u201epozemn\u00ed s\u00edlou\u201c a \u201en\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edlou\u201c, nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed eurasijsk\u00fd model je dostate\u010dn\u011b prom\u011bnliv\u00fd, aby se p\u0159izp\u016fsobil nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d oblastmi, zat\u00edmco USA se sna\u017e\u00ed dr\u017eet krok v\u0161ude najednou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Washington ve skute\u010dnosti \u010del\u00ed v t\u00e9to nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed konkurenci struktur\u00e1ln\u00edm omezen\u00edm. Jeho pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna se mimo jin\u00e9 pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s obt\u00ed\u017eemi p\u0159i udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed kroku s pekingsk\u00fdm zrychluj\u00edc\u00edm se stav\u011bn\u00edm lod\u00ed (\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>kapacita stavby lod\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0je, kupodivu, \u00fadajn\u011b 200kr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed).\u00a0<\/span>Zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ve stavb\u011b letadlov\u00fdch lod\u00ed \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b USS John F. Kennedy,\u00a0<\/span>kter\u00e1 byla odlo\u017eena na b\u0159ezen 2027<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/span>st\u00e1rnouc\u00ed flotily<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a napjat\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1vazky otupuj\u00ed schopnost konzistentn\u011b prom\u00edtat s\u00edlu nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d r\u016fzn\u00fdmi boji\u0161ti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno, supervelmoc nem\u016f\u017ee donekone\u010dna kombinovat dominanci na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed s t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi kontinent\u00e1ln\u00edmi z\u00e1vazky. Spojenci se st\u00e1le v\u00edce\u00a0<\/span>zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, usiluj\u00ed o sob\u011bsta\u010dnost nebo diverzifikuj\u00ed partnerstv\u00ed (nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 cla samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nepom\u00e1haj\u00ed).<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto hybridn\u00ed p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a nevyzpytateln\u00e1 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politika v kombinaci s vzestupem technologicky sofistikovan\u00fdch konkurent\u016f znamen\u00e1, \u017ee USA si ji\u017e nemohou n\u00e1rokovat nespornou n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed nadvl\u00e1du. To je geopolitika \u2013 a nejen historie \u2013 kter\u00e1 se tvo\u0159\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD.<\/a> v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rusk\u00e9 a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 ponorky provedly svou prvn\u00ed spole\u010dnou hl\u00eddku v Tichomo\u0159\u00ed, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje zlomov\u00fd okam\u017eik…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":87108,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[30,1204,22],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87107"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=87107"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87107\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/87108"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=87107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=87107"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=87107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}