{"id":8688,"date":"2022-02-28T02:11:33","date_gmt":"2022-02-28T01:11:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=8688"},"modified":"2022-02-27T18:28:13","modified_gmt":"2022-02-27T17:28:13","slug":"cernobyl-je-nyni-valecnou-zonou-co-by-se-mohlo-pokazit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/02\/28\/cernobyl-je-nyni-valecnou-zonou-co-by-se-mohlo-pokazit\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010cernobyl je nyn\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dnou z\u00f3nou: co by se mohlo pokazit?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Rusk\u00e1 invaze na Ukrajinu p\u0159edstavuje n\u011bkolik jadern\u00fdch hrozeb, v\u010detn\u011b mo\u017enosti \u00famysln\u00fdch nebo n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch nebo kybernetick\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f na jadern\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159idejte k tomu zjevnou obt\u00ed\u017enost bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho provozu jadern\u00fdch reaktor\u016f v dob\u011b v\u00e1lky, v\u010detn\u011b nemo\u017enosti prov\u00e1d\u011bt inspekce sledov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti. V neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je tu mo\u017enost, \u017ee konflikt p\u0159eroste v jadernou v\u00e1lku.\u00a0Brzy se dozv\u00edme, co se stane, kdy\u017e zem\u011b s jadern\u00fdm pohonem vstoup\u00ed do v\u00e1lky a vystav\u00ed jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny riziku \u00famysln\u00e9ho nebo n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho \u00fatoku, \u010d\u00edm\u017e riskuj\u00ed katastrofu velikosti \u010cernobylu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Zd\u00e1 se vysoce nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by kter\u00fdkoli n\u00e1rod – nebo jak\u00e1koli subn\u00e1rodn\u00ed skupina – \u00famysln\u011b za\u00fato\u010dila na jadern\u00e9 reaktory nebo sklady vyho\u0159el\u00e9ho paliva v sou\u010dasn\u00e9m konfliktu.\u00a0Ale za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee existovala gentlemansk\u00e1 dohoda ne\u00fato\u010dit na jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, jak dlouho by tato dohoda trvala ve v\u00e1lce, kter\u00e1 by se vlekla roky?<\/span><\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e1 zem\u011b by se mohla rozhodnout odstavit sv\u00e9 reaktory, aby minimalizovala rizika.\u00a0Bylo by to rozumn\u00e9 a moudr\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed pro zemi s malou z\u00e1vislost\u00ed na jadern\u00e9 energii, ale nepraktick\u00e9 pro zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 na ni hodn\u011b spol\u00e9haj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by aktivn\u00ed z\u00f3ny radioaktivn\u00edch reaktor\u016f \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e z\u016fstaly na m\u00edst\u011b nebo byly odstran\u011bny z reaktor\u016f \u2013 z\u016fstaly ohro\u017eeny, stejn\u011b jako skl\u00e1dky jadern\u00e9ho odpadu.\u00a0Palivov\u00e9 baz\u00e9ny a such\u00e9 sklady vyho\u0159el\u00e9ho paliva \u010dasto obsahuj\u00ed v\u00edce radioaktivity ne\u017e samotn\u00e9 reaktory, ale bez v\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u011b navr\u017een\u00fdch vrstev kontejnmentu, kter\u00e9 reaktory obvykle maj\u00ed.\u00a0A pokud \u00fatok na reaktor nebo sklad vyho\u0159el\u00e9ho paliva povede ke katastrof\u011b v \u010cernobylu nebo Fuku\u0161im\u011b \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e \u00famysln\u00e9 nebo n\u00e1hodn\u00e9, a\u0165 u\u017e iniciovan\u00e9 st\u00e1tem nebo nest\u00e1tn\u00ed skupinou \u2013 reakce na katastrofu by byla pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b neadekv\u00e1tn\u00ed, chaotick\u00e1 a hrub\u00e1.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00datok na jadern\u00e9 reaktory nebo skl\u00e1dky odpadu v\u00e1l\u010d\u00edc\u00edho n\u00e1roda by mohl vy\u00fastit v podobnou odvetu.\u00a0To by se opakovalo, dokud nedojde k n\u011bkolika katastrof\u00e1m o velikosti \u010cernobylu nebo Fuku\u0161imy sou\u010dasn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Konflikt<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

I kdyby se katastrof\u011b poda\u0159ilo odvr\u00e1tit, provoz jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren by se po v\u00e1lce p\u0159ehodnotil.\u00a0V\u00e1l\u010d\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1rody \u2013 a mnoh\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed \u2013 by pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eily nebo \u00fapln\u011b odstranily svou z\u00e1vislost na jadern\u00e9 energii.\u00a0Jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny jsou ji\u017e funk\u010dn\u00edmi radiologick\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi.\u00a0Abychom to uvedli na pravou m\u00edru, lidstvo by mohlo b\u00fdt dost chytr\u00e9 na to, aby postupn\u011b p\u0159estalo pou\u017e\u00edvat paprskov\u00e9 zbran\u011b k v\u00fdrob\u011b energie d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e n\u00e1rody s jadern\u00fdm pohonem vstoup\u00ed do v\u00e1lky a zp\u016fsob\u00ed jadern\u00e9 katastrofy, \u00famysln\u011b nebo n\u00e1hodn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nebo se budeme muset tvrd\u011b nau\u010dit, \u017ee pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159ipraven\u00fdch radiologick\u00fdch zbran\u00ed k va\u0159en\u00ed vody nakonec nebyl tak dobr\u00fd n\u00e1pad.\u00a0To plat\u00ed o to v\u00edce s ohledem na mnoho\u010detn\u00e9 souvislosti mezi \u201em\u00edrov\u00fdm atomem\u201c a programy jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00fd konflikt mezi Ruskem a Ukrajinou nab\u00edz\u00ed testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad pro v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 hry.\u00a0Nejhor\u0161\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 v\u00e1lky mezi n\u00e1rody s jadern\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi by znamenal, \u017ee vyrovnan\u00ed protivn\u00edci budou bojovat dlouhou v\u00e1lku.\u00a0Sou\u010dasn\u00fd konflikt nen\u00ed ani tak v\u00e1lkou, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e invaz\u00ed slab\u0161\u00edho st\u00e1tu mocn\u00fdm protivn\u00edkem.\u00a0S nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed se to nebude protahovat roky, jako je tomu u jin\u00fdch v\u00e1lek.\u00a0P\u0159esto je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fd doutnaj\u00edc\u00ed konflikt, kter\u00fd potrv\u00e1 roky, a jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny tak budou ohro\u017eeny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Katastrofa<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Rusko m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed.\u00a0Ukrajina po skon\u010den\u00ed studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky postoupila vlastnictv\u00ed a kontrolu nad ukrajinsk\u00fdmi z\u00e1sobami jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed Rusku \u2013 ale to Putinovi nezabr\u00e1nilo v tom, aby v posledn\u00edch dnech vyvolal p\u0159\u00edzrak neexistuj\u00edc\u00edho ukrajinsk\u00e9ho programu jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

38 rusk\u00fdch reaktor\u016f zaji\u0161\u0165uje 20,6 procenta elekt\u0159iny v zemi.\u00a015 ukrajinsk\u00fdch reaktor\u016f na \u010dty\u0159ech m\u00edstech vyr\u00e1b\u00ed 51,2 procenta elekt\u0159iny na Ukrajin\u011b.\u00a0Riziko n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho \u00fatoku na reaktory nebo \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b jadern\u00e9ho odpadu je o n\u011bco vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u \u00famysln\u00e9ho \u00fatoku.\u00a0Rusko pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159evzalo kontrolu nad jadernou elektr\u00e1rnou v \u010cernobylu.\u00a0Reaktory byly odstaveny ji\u017e d\u00e1vno, ale na m\u00edst\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 vysoce radioaktivn\u00ed jadern\u00fd odpad.<\/span><\/p>\n

James Acton z Carnegie Endowment for International Peace poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee Ukrajina z\u0159\u00eddila v \u010cernobylu sklad vyho\u0159el\u00e9ho paliva z jin\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren, ale k ulo\u017een\u00ed vyho\u0159el\u00e9ho paliva pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b je\u0161t\u011b nedo\u0161lo.\u00a0Vyho\u0159el\u00e9 palivo z \u010dernobylsk\u00fdch reaktor\u016f tam ale st\u00e1le je.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee pokud se Ukrajina pokus\u00ed znovu z\u00edskat kontrolu nad m\u00edstem, mohl by b\u00fdt zasa\u017een odpad vyhozen\u00fd v \u010cernobylu.\u00a0K dal\u0161\u00ed jadern\u00e9 katastrof\u011b velikosti \u010cernobylu by mohlo doj\u00edt v \u010cernobylu.\u00a0Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed kupole nad nechvaln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdm \u010dernobylsk\u00fdm reaktorem #4 chr\u00e1n\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 z\u00e1soby radioaktivn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu.\u00a0P\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed jadern\u00e1 katastrofa v \u010cernobylu by mohla postihnout stejn\u00fd reaktor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dystopick\u00e1 zem\u011b<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vp\u00e1dy a boje v okol\u00ed \u010dernobylsk\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed by tak\u00e9 mohly roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed kontaminaci.\u00a0Rusk\u00fd vojensk\u00fd expert Pavel Felgenhauer ned\u00e1vno v The Washington Post napsal: \u201ePou\u017eit\u00ed munice vzduch-zem\u011b, d\u011blost\u0159electva, minomet\u016f a v\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u00fdch raketomet\u016f v b\u011blorusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9 pohrani\u010dn\u00ed oblasti by tak\u00e9 mohlo rozpt\u00fdlit radioaktivn\u00ed \u00falomky v zemi.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Craig Hooper, hlavn\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011bvatel Forbes, p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201eSv\u011bt m\u00e1 m\u00e1lo zku\u0161enost\u00ed s reaktory ve v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b.\u00a0Od vyn\u00e1lezu atomu sv\u011bt vid\u011bl jen dv\u011b \u201evelk\u00e9\u201c hav\u00e1rie \u2013 \u010cernobyl a japonskou Fuku\u0161imu.\u00a0Rusk\u00e1 invaze spojen\u00e1 s prodlou\u017eenou konven\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lkou na Ukrajin\u011b by mohla b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika dn\u00ed vy\u00fastit v \u010detn\u00e9 nehody Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed agentury pro atomovou energii \u00farovn\u011b 7.\u00a0Takov\u00e1 mo\u017enost by vyvolala masivn\u00ed exodus uprchl\u00edk\u016f a mohla by u\u010dinit velkou \u010d\u00e1st Ukrajiny neobyvatelnou na des\u00edtky let.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eP\u0159em\u011bnit Ukrajinu v dystopickou krajinu posetou radioaktivn\u00edmi z\u00f3nami by byla extr\u00e9mn\u00ed metoda, jak dos\u00e1hnout obrann\u00e9 z\u00f3ny, kterou si zjevn\u011b p\u0159eje rusk\u00fd prezident Vladimir Putin.\u00a0Vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed se s masivn\u00ed migra\u010dn\u00ed kriz\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edho p\u016fvodu a vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed by Evrop\u011b trvalo roky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dod\u00e1v\u00e1: „Integrita ukrajinsk\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch reaktor\u016f je strategickou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu jak pro zem\u011b NATO, tak pro zem\u011b mimo NATO.“<\/span><\/p>\n

Jedovatost<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eZd\u00e1 se nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee Rusko zmobilizovalo vy\u0161kolen\u00e9 oper\u00e1tory reaktor\u016f a p\u0159ipravilo t\u00fdmy pro krizov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed reaktor\u016f, aby p\u0159evzaly \u201aosvobozen\u00e9\u2018 elektr\u00e1rny.\u00a0Hrdinsk\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zachr\u00e1nila jadernou hav\u00e1rii v \u010cernobylu a japonskou jadernou katastrofu ve Fuku\u0161im\u011b p\u0159ed mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi \u0161kodami, prost\u011b nebudou ve v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b mo\u017en\u00e1.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Bennett Ramberg, b\u00fdval\u00fd \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk \u00da\u0159adu pro politicko-vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti americk\u00e9ho ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed a autor knihy Nuclear Power Plants as Weapons for the Enemy z roku 1985, diskutoval v p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku k Project Syndicate ze 14. \u00fanora o jadern\u00fdch rizic\u00edch spojen\u00fdch s rusko- ukrajinsk\u00fd konfliktem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ramberg p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201eElektr\u00e1rny jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi c\u00edli modern\u00edch konflikt\u016f, proto\u017ee jejich zni\u010den\u00ed zhor\u0161uje schopnost zem\u011b pokra\u010dovat v boji.\u00a0Ale jadern\u00e9 reaktory nejsou jako jin\u00e9 zdroje energie.\u00a0Obsahuj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed radioaktivn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd se m\u016f\u017ee uvol\u0148ovat mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eNap\u0159\u00edklad leteck\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e1 palba by mohla zni\u010dit budovu kontejnmentu reaktoru nebo naru\u0161it \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 rozvody chladic\u00ed kapaliny, kter\u00e9 udr\u017euj\u00ed j\u00e1dro stabiln\u00ed.\u00a0Tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed pro kybernetick\u00fd \u00fatok, kter\u00fd naru\u0161\u00ed provoz za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako naru\u0161en\u00ed extern\u00edho nap\u00e1jen\u00ed, na kter\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny spol\u00e9haj\u00ed, aby mohly d\u00e1le fungovat.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201ePokud by se aktivn\u00ed z\u00f3na reaktoru roztavila, v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 plyny nebo radioaktivn\u00ed \u00falomky by unikaly z kontejnmentu.\u00a0Jakmile se unikl\u00e9 plyny dostanou do atmosf\u00e9ry, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily by se tis\u00edce kilometr\u016f a vyvrhly m\u00edrn\u00e9 a\u017e vysoce toxick\u00e9 radioaktivn\u00ed prvky na m\u011bstsk\u00e9 a venkovsk\u00e9 oblasti.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ: KONFLIKT MEZI N\u00c1RODY S JADERNOU ENERGI\u00cd: \u010cERNOBYL JE NYN\u00cd V\u00c1LE\u010cNOU Z\u00d3NOU<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

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Rusk\u00e1 invaze na Ukrajinu p\u0159edstavuje n\u011bkolik jadern\u00fdch hrozeb, v\u010detn\u011b mo\u017enosti \u00famysln\u00fdch nebo n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch nebo…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8689,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1970,1969,26,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8688"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8688"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8688\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8689"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8688"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8688"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8688"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}