{"id":86852,"date":"2025-09-01T00:30:09","date_gmt":"2025-08-31T22:30:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=86852"},"modified":"2025-08-31T19:20:32","modified_gmt":"2025-08-31T17:20:32","slug":"cerna-dira-v-kolektivni-pameti-cina-a-druha-svetova-valka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/09\/01\/cerna-dira-v-kolektivni-pameti-cina-a-druha-svetova-valka\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010cern\u00e1 d\u00edra v kolektivn\u00ed pam\u011bti: \u010c\u00edna a druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Zat\u00edmco se \u010c\u00edna p\u0159ipravuje na oslavy 80. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad fa\u0161ismem\u00a0<\/span>\u00a03. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a02025, celosv\u011btov\u00e1 pozornost se obrac\u00ed k vojensk\u00e9 p\u0159ehl\u00eddce v Pekingu. Spekuluje se o tom, kte\u0159\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0l\u00edd\u0159i<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0se p\u0159ipoj\u00ed k prezidentu Si \u0164in-pchingovi \u2013 Putinova p\u0159\u00edtomnost je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jist\u00e1, a\u010dkoli \u0161eptandy o Trumpov\u011b \u00fa\u010dasti se zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ita\u017een\u00e9 za vlasy. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0zast\u00e1nci<\/span><\/a>\u00a0m\u00edru tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee tento okam\u017eik nab\u00edz\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edm mocnostem p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost zamyslet se nad hr\u016fzami druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, co\u017e je v souladu s duchem Charty OSN a nal\u00e9hav\u00e9 uprost\u0159ed rostouc\u00edho glob\u00e1ln\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed. Odm\u00edtnut\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch l\u00eddr\u016f z\u00fa\u010dastnit se s odvol\u00e1n\u00edm na obavy z\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0ur\u00e1\u017eky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Japonska v\u0161ak odhaluje hlub\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 oslava uzav\u00edr\u00e1 cyklus v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, ale vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 kritickou ot\u00e1zku: skute\u010dn\u011b ch\u00e1peme glob\u00e1ln\u00ed rozsah t\u00e9to v\u00e1lky, nebo jsme dovolili, aby d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 kapitoly upadly v zapomn\u011bn\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n

V na\u0161\u00ed kolektivn\u00ed pam\u011bti na druhou sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lku existuje do o\u010d\u00ed bij\u00edc\u00ed mezera \u2013 v\u00e1lka, kterou naz\u00fdv\u00e1me \u201eglob\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c, p\u0159esto je role \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9ho spojence, \u010c\u00edny, neust\u00e1le opom\u00edjena. \u010c\u00edna vstoupila do konfliktu jako prvn\u00ed v\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0roce 1931<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, nikoli v roce 1939, a vytrvala a\u017e do kapitulace Japonska v roce 1945. B\u011bhem 14 let utrp\u011bla p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 35 milion\u016f ob\u011bt\u00ed a spoutala milion japonsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, co\u017e umo\u017enilo SSSR a USA soust\u0159edit se jinde. V\u016fdci jako Roosevelt, Churchill a Stalin uzn\u00e1vali kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli \u010c\u00edny p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledku v\u00e1lky. Pro\u010d je tedy tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek tak \u010dasto ignorov\u00e1n a poh\u0159ben pod vrstvami z\u00e1padn\u00edch narativ\u016f?<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro mnoh\u00e9 je ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed trag\u00e9di\u00ed druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky atomov\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed Hiro\u0161imy a Nagasaki, hr\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010diny, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed jako ostr\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed ni\u010divou silou lidstva, kterou rozpoutaly Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. Tyto ud\u00e1losti si zaslou\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed, ale n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 americk\u00e1 okupace Japonska a vnucen\u00e1 m\u00edrov\u00e1 \u00fastava (zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako MacArthurova \u00fastava) nebyly ani tak o harmonii jako o zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed strategick\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed v Indo-Pacifiku b\u011bhem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Dnes se Japonsko vyzbrojuje pod americk\u00fdm jadern\u00fdm\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0de\u0161tn\u00edkem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, zd\u00e1nliv\u011b proto, aby\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u010delilo<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201ehrozb\u011b\u201c ze strany \u010c\u00edny. Tento narativn\u00ed zvrat je stejn\u011b pohodln\u00fd jako zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b jako Rusko, kter\u00e9 si s l\u00e1skou pamatuje sv\u00e9 ob\u011bti z druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, i \u010c\u00edna nyn\u00ed po\u017eaduje uzn\u00e1n\u00ed za sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed. Jej\u00ed odpor v\u016f\u010di japonsk\u00e9mu militarismu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry nevy\u0159\u010denou s\u00e1gou. Pohled do t\u00e9to \u201e\u00a0<\/span>\u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c kolektivn\u00ed pam\u011bti odhaluje zv\u011brstva, kter\u00e1 se vzp\u00edraj\u00ed pochopen\u00ed: masakr v Nankingu v roce 1937, kde bylo zabito 300 000 civilist\u016f a sp\u00e1ch\u00e1no masov\u00e9 zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed; chemick\u00e9 a biologick\u00e9 experimenty Jednotky 731 na v\u011bzn\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed, tak odporn\u00e9, \u017ee \u0161okovaly i nacistick\u00e9 pozorovatele. N\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed vyslanci nal\u00e9hali na Berl\u00edn, aby Tokio zkrotil, zat\u00edmco japonsk\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy pe\u010dliv\u011b dokumentovaly jejich brut\u00e1ln\u00ed chaos. State\u010dn\u00ed japon\u0161t\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0historici<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0od t\u00e9 doby tyto hr\u016fzy odhalili, p\u0159esto v glob\u00e1ln\u00edm diskurzu z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed margin\u00e1ln\u00ed. Pro\u010d ml\u010den\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n

Odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed historie druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky z asijsk\u00e9 perspektivy odhaluje hanebnou pravdu: z\u00e1padn\u00ed narativy, zesilovan\u00e9 Hollywoodem a m\u00e9dii, selektivn\u011b oslavovaly n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 vymaz\u00e1valy. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee pachatel\u00e9 jsou rehabilitov\u00e1ni a ob\u011bti jsou p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159eny v padouchy. Z\u00e1pad se \u010dasto dr\u017e\u00ed zaujat\u00e9ho postoje, kter\u00fd cen\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u017eivoty nad jin\u00fdmi. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti se do\u010dkaly jen mal\u00e9ho glob\u00e1ln\u00edho uzn\u00e1n\u00ed a jejich utrpen\u00ed je zast\u00edn\u011bno japonsk\u00fdm pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm narativem o vykoupen\u00ed. Toto pokrytectv\u00ed se dnes odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v Gaze, kde selektivn\u00ed pobou\u0159en\u00ed, slzy pro Ukrajinu, ale ticho nad 22 m\u011bs\u00edci utrpen\u00ed Gazy pod izraelskou politikou odhaluj\u00ed stejn\u00fd dvoj\u00ed metr. Evrop\u0161t\u00ed v\u016fdci, formovan\u00ed koloni\u00e1ln\u00edm d\u011bdictv\u00edm, kter\u00e9 prezentuj\u00ed jako \u201eciviliza\u010dn\u00ed misi\u201c, jsou spoluvin\u00edky. USA mezit\u00edm podn\u011bcuj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0obchodn\u00ed v\u00e1lku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0s \u010c\u00ednou a, jak varuje Kaja\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Kallas<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a n\u011bkter\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e9dia<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0, p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed se na \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed konflikt, zat\u00edmco \u010c\u00ednu vykresluj\u00ed jako \u201eautorit\u00e1\u0159skou a agresivn\u00ed\u201c. To je v ostr\u00e9m rozporu s antifa\u0161istickou histori\u00ed \u010c\u00edny a jej\u00edm modern\u00edm z\u00e1vazkem ke glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu m\u00edru.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00edt\u011bzov\u00e9 p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed d\u011bjiny, se zde vyvrac\u00ed. \u010c\u00edn\u011b, jasn\u00e9mu v\u00edt\u011bzi, byla odep\u0159ena platforma k p\u0159edveden\u00ed jej\u00ed odvahy, ob\u011bt\u00ed a p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f. Dnes je z\u00e1padn\u00edm diskurzem nespravedliv\u011b ozna\u010dov\u00e1na za hrozbu. Druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka neza\u010dala ani neskon\u010dila v Evrop\u011b. \u010c\u00edna, zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dlen OSN a prvn\u00ed, kdo podepsal\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Chartu OSN<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jej\u00edm nejv\u011brn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zast\u00e1ncem. Odm\u00edt\u00e1 narativ ovl\u00e1dan\u00fd USA, vytvo\u0159en\u00fd opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkem v\u00e1lky, kter\u00fd utrp\u011bl nejm\u00e9n\u011b, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 rozpoutanou jadernou devastaci. Odkaz \u010c\u00edny z druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky poh\u00e1n\u00ed jej\u00ed modern\u00ed posl\u00e1n\u00ed: vym\u00fdcen\u00ed chudoby, pomoc glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu Jihu, budov\u00e1n\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed infrastruktury a prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edru a\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0spole\u010dn\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0budoucnosti lidstva.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pekingsk\u00e1 vzpom\u00ednkov\u00e1 akce je odv\u00e1\u017enou odpov\u011bd\u00ed na monopolizaci vzpom\u00ednky na druhou sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lku Z\u00e1padem. Jak v\u00fdsti\u017en\u011b\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u0159\u00edk\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Warwick Powell : \u201ePo osm desetilet\u00ed Z\u00e1pad p\u0159episoval druhou sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lku jako v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed USA a Evropy a \u010c\u00ednu odsoudil na \u00farove\u0148 pozn\u00e1mky pod \u010darou. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 vzpom\u00ednkov\u00e1 akce letos tuto amn\u00e9zii zpochyb\u0148uje a znovu uplat\u0148uje roli zem\u011b jako \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed s\u00edly v por\u00e1\u017ece fa\u0161ismu.\u201c V dne\u0161n\u00ed neklidn\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u0161ak samotn\u00e1 vzpom\u00ednka nesta\u010d\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Od\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Gazy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u017e za ni boj proti nelidskosti a fa\u0161ismu vy\u017eaduje, abychom se postavili t\u011bmto historick\u00fdm slep\u00fdm m\u00edst\u016fm a jejich modern\u00edm ozv\u011bn\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

od\u00a0<\/span>Biljany Vankovsk\u00e9<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zat\u00edmco se \u010c\u00edna p\u0159ipravuje na oslavy 80. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad fa\u0161ismem\u00a0\u00a03. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\u00a02025, celosv\u011btov\u00e1 pozornost se…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":86853,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,30,398,40,673],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86852"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=86852"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86852\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/86853"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=86852"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=86852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}