{"id":86820,"date":"2025-09-01T00:21:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-31T22:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=86820"},"modified":"2025-08-31T15:52:35","modified_gmt":"2025-08-31T13:52:35","slug":"problem-s-tim-ze-hamas-prirovnava-genocidu-v-gaze-k-holocaustu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/09\/01\/problem-s-tim-ze-hamas-prirovnava-genocidu-v-gaze-k-holocaustu\/","title":{"rendered":"Probl\u00e9m s t\u00edm, \u017ee Ham\u00e1s p\u0159irovn\u00e1v\u00e1 genocidu v Gaze k holocaustu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Snaha Ham\u00e1su z\u00edskat si sympatie Z\u00e1padu p\u0159irovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm genocidy v Gaze k holocaustu je pochopiteln\u00e1, ale v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku kr\u00e1tkozrak\u00e1. Zasazen\u00ed genocidy do \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho kontextu koloni\u00e1ln\u00edho n\u00e1sil\u00ed by m\u00edsto toho mohlo vybudovat skute\u010dnou solidaritu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Palestinci v Gaze ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e dva roky prohla\u0161uj\u00ed: \u201eJsme vyhlazov\u00e1ni.\u201c Tato prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nevypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed pouze z ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch izraelsk\u00fdch prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, ale z osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti, kdy izraelsk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 operace prom\u011bnily palestinsk\u00e1 t\u011bla v m\u00edsta extr\u00e9mn\u00edho koloni\u00e1ln\u00edho n\u00e1sil\u00ed. Navzdory viditelnosti masov\u00e9ho vys\u00eddlov\u00e1n\u00ed, bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed a hladov\u011bn\u00ed se v\u0161ak velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho spole\u010denstv\u00ed st\u00e1le zdr\u00e1h\u00e1 klasifikovat tyto \u010diny jako genocidu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V praxi se palestinsk\u00e1 realita st\u00e1v\u00e1 \u201elegitimn\u00ed\u201c a\u017e pot\u00e9, co projde mor\u00e1ln\u00edmi r\u00e1mci mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch instituc\u00ed \u2013 r\u00e1mci, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto podce\u0148uj\u00ed rozsah n\u00e1sil\u00ed. Uzn\u00e1n\u00ed obvykle n\u00e1sleduje po zdlouhav\u00e9m procesu: posouzen\u00ed, ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, sb\u011br dat a zapojen\u00ed \u201ed\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9\u201c, \u201eneutr\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c autority do studia a ozna\u010den\u00ed ud\u00e1losti. Teprve pot\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee palestinsk\u00e9 utrpen\u00ed z\u00edskat ur\u010ditou m\u00edru legitimity. Palestinci ve skute\u010dnosti mohou zem\u0159\u00edt bez omezen\u00ed, ale nen\u00ed jim dovoleno pojmenovat svou vlastn\u00ed smrt bez vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho souhlasu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve snaze s t\u00edm bojovat jsme byli sv\u011bdky toho, jak se palestinsk\u00e9 osobnosti odboje, v\u010detn\u011b samotn\u00e9ho Ham\u00e1su, pokou\u0161ely zasadit genocidu v Gaze do kontextu pomoc\u00ed jedn\u00e9 z nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch historick\u00fdch analogi\u00ed v z\u00e1padn\u00edm lexikonu: nacistick\u00e9ho holocaustu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V kontextu koloni\u00e1ln\u00edho boje se nejedn\u00e1 jen o terminologii \u2013 jde o strategickou v\u00fdzvu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Na prvn\u00ed pohled se medi\u00e1ln\u00ed strategie Ham\u00e1su vyu\u017e\u00edvat nacistick\u00fd holocaust b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky jev\u00ed logicky: mluv\u010d\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed evokovat z\u00e1padn\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed vzpom\u00ednku na holocaust a nacismus v nad\u011bji, \u017ee mobilizuj\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed v z\u00e1padn\u00edch spole\u010dnostech zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd by donutil vl\u00e1dy k akci a ukon\u010den\u00ed utrpen\u00ed v Gaze.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto se tento efekt po v\u00edce ne\u017e dvou letech nedostavil. Pro\u010d?<\/span><\/p>\n

V z\u00e1padn\u00ed politick\u00e9 p\u0159edstavivosti je druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm mor\u00e1ln\u00edm referen\u010dn\u00edm bodem a holocaust le\u017e\u00ed v jeho j\u00e1dru. V r\u00e1mci z\u00e1padn\u00ed epistemick\u00e9 dominance byly tyto st\u00e1ty schopny vnutit sv\u00e9 etick\u00e9 standardy a definovat nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e formovaly samotn\u00e9 z\u00e1klady konceptu \u201elidskosti\u201c. Holocaust nebyl historickou anom\u00e1li\u00ed; koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed historie stejn\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f je pln\u00e1 genocid a hladomor\u016f p\u00e1chan\u00fdch na kolonizovan\u00fdch n\u00e1rodech. Mor\u00e1ln\u00ed absolut holocaustu nebyl samotn\u00fd akt masov\u00e9ho zab\u00edjen\u00ed, ale identita c\u00edlov\u00e9ho subjektu \u2013 evropsk\u00e9ho subjektu. V tomto smyslu byly glob\u00e1ln\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00e1mce vybudov\u00e1ny na eurocentrick\u00e9m z\u00e1klad\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

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T\u00edm, \u017ee se Ham\u00e1s rozhodl zasadit ud\u00e1losti v Gaze do kontextu holocaustu, odhaluje dv\u011b dynamiky: zaprv\u00e9, palestinsk\u00e1 trag\u00e9die nen\u00ed prezentov\u00e1na jako samostatn\u00e1 zku\u0161enost, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e optikou jin\u00e9 katastrofy \u2013 t\u00e9, kterou z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti ozna\u010dily za\u00a0<\/span>archetyp<\/span><\/em>\u00a0krutosti. To posiluje autoritu mor\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd je selektivn\u011b hluch\u00fd k palestinsk\u00e9mu utrpen\u00ed a nevyhnuteln\u011b up\u0159ednost\u0148uje z\u00e1padn\u00ed trauma. Zadruh\u00e9, pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u00e9to analogie vys\u00edl\u00e1 z\u00e1padn\u00edmu publiku vzkaz: \u201eV\u011b\u0159te n\u00e1m, proto\u017ee to, co se n\u00e1m d\u011bje, se podob\u00e1 va\u0161\u00ed vlastn\u00ed historii.\u201c To posiluje my\u0161lenku, \u017ee z\u00e1padn\u00ed bolest je m\u011b\u0159\u00edtkem ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho utrpen\u00ed a \u017ee jin\u00e9 trag\u00e9die vy\u017eaduj\u00ed srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s n\u00ed, aby byly pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za v\u011brohodn\u00e9. Tato dynamika riskuje podkop\u00e1n\u00ed palestinsk\u00e9 historick\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti t\u00edm, \u017ee ji zasazuje do mor\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du, z n\u011bho\u017e se sna\u017e\u00ed osvobodit.<\/span><\/p>\n

V samotn\u00e9m srovn\u00e1n\u00ed je tak\u00e9 struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9m. Odvol\u00e1n\u00edm se na holocaust a nacismus se v\u00e1lka v Gaze dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do nev\u00fdhern\u00ed pozice, proto\u017ee srovn\u00e1n\u00ed je posuzov\u00e1no na z\u00e1klad\u011b metriky, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 holocaust udr\u017eet na vrcholu hierarchie zv\u011brstev. To p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed skute\u010dnost, \u017ee holocaust zauj\u00edm\u00e1 v z\u00e1padn\u00ed kolektivn\u00ed pam\u011bti chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 m\u00edsto, kter\u00e9 je udr\u017eov\u00e1no po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed investic do muze\u00ed, film\u016f, literatury a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Obrovskost nacistick\u00fdch zlo\u010din\u016f je tak zachov\u00e1na jako bezkonkuren\u010dn\u00ed. V tomto r\u00e1mci, pokud je n\u00e1sil\u00ed v Gaze vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako nedosahuj\u00edc\u00ed tohoto standardu \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad postr\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed ikonick\u00e9 symboly plynov\u00fdch komor \u2013 je pro skeptiky snaz\u0161\u00ed odm\u00edtnout ozna\u010den\u00ed genocida.<\/span><\/p>\n

Term\u00edn \u201esionistick\u00fd nacismus\u201c, kter\u00fd Ham\u00e1s \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, je nav\u00edc nep\u0159esn\u00fd. A\u010dkoli existuj\u00ed podobnosti, v\u010detn\u011b prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed ideologie rasov\u00e9 nad\u0159azenosti, sionismus je koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed projekt osadn\u00edk\u016f, zat\u00edmco nacismus j\u00edm nebyl. A\u010dkoli oba projekty sp\u00e1chaly z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 zlo\u010diny, tyto zlo\u010diny se li\u0161\u00ed svou podstatou a \u00fa\u010delem. Izraelskou politiku v Gaze je nejl\u00e9pe ch\u00e1pat jako sou\u010d\u00e1st del\u0161\u00edho historick\u00e9ho kontinua n\u00e1sil\u00ed osadn\u00edk\u016f a koloni\u00ed, nikoli jako p\u0159\u00edmou iteraci nacistick\u00fdch metod. Technicky i politicky tato analogie riskuje zakryt\u00ed struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed logiky izraelsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1sil\u00ed a umo\u017e\u0148uje Izraeli odm\u00edtnout obvin\u011bn\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee toto srovn\u00e1n\u00ed zdiskredituje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se Ham\u00e1s rozhodl pou\u017e\u00edt srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s holocaustem a nacismem, jeho c\u00edlov\u00fdm publikem bylo jednozna\u010dn\u011b z\u00e1padn\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed. To odhaluje dva souvisej\u00edc\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Prvn\u00edm je nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed povahy z\u00e1padn\u00ed podpory Izraele \u2013 zd\u00e1nliv\u011b se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee postoj Z\u00e1padu je motivov\u00e1n nev\u011bdomost\u00ed nebo mor\u00e1ln\u00ed slepotou, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e dlouhodob\u00fdmi strategick\u00fdmi a koloni\u00e1ln\u00edmi z\u00e1jmy, kter\u00e9 stav\u00ed Izrael do role funk\u010dn\u00edho spojence v regionu. Z tohoto pohledu by se z\u00e1padn\u00ed sekuritizace Palestinc\u016f a odporu mohla zvr\u00e1tit, pokud by byla ve\u0159ejnost p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dena, aby vn\u00edmala Izrael z jin\u00e9ho mor\u00e1ln\u00edho hlediska, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad r\u00e1mec holocaustu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 p\u0159ece\u0148uje pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fd dopad tlaku z\u00e1padn\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti na st\u00e1tn\u00ed politiku, \u0161patn\u011b odhaduje, kter\u00e1 spojenectv\u00ed jsou \u017eivotaschopn\u00e1, a omezuje sv\u00e9 diplomatick\u00e9 man\u00e9vrov\u00e1n\u00ed na r\u00e1mce stanoven\u00e9 jin\u00fdmi. V takov\u00e9m kontextu analogie s holocaustem nejen\u017ee nedok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit \u2013 signalizuje skryt\u00fd strategick\u00fd postoj, kter\u00fd riskuje, \u017ee br\u00e1n\u00ed schopnosti hnut\u00ed prom\u011bnit zisky na boji\u0161ti v dlouhodobou politickou v\u00fdhodu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Odpor a osvobozen\u00ed se net\u00fdkaj\u00ed jen znovudobyt\u00ed p\u016fdy; jde stejnou m\u011brou o znovudobyt\u00ed p\u0159edstavivosti, v\u011bdom\u00ed a jazyka. Na prvn\u00ed pohled se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t, \u017ee hovo\u0159it o dekolonizaci znalostn\u00edch r\u00e1mc\u016f b\u011bhem vyhlazovac\u00ed v\u00e1lky je druho\u0159ad\u00e9 \u2013 p\u0159esto z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. To, co se dnes d\u011bje v Gaze, nen\u00ed v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost, ani se nepodob\u00e1 holocaustu, jak si ho Z\u00e1pad konstruoval ve sv\u00e9 mor\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159edstavivosti. Sp\u00ed\u0161e je to pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed dlouh\u00e9ho koloni\u00e1ln\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed \u2013 kter\u00e9 formovalo nejen osud Palestinc\u016f, ale i osud dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d glob\u00e1ln\u00edm Jihem.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed sou\u010dasnosti Gazy jako sou\u010d\u00e1sti tohoto \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho koloni\u00e1ln\u00edho kontinua je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro budov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch alianc\u00ed v m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edm se geopolitick\u00e9m \u0159\u00e1du. Vlastn\u00ed koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed historie regionu nab\u00edz\u00ed dostatek komparativn\u00edch r\u00e1mc\u016f k odhalen\u00ed zv\u011brstev, ani\u017e by posilovala mor\u00e1ln\u00ed re\u017eimy, kter\u00e9 \u2013 po v\u00edce ne\u017e dvou letech \u2013 p\u0159inesly palestinsk\u00e9mu boji jen velmi omezen\u00e9 diplomatick\u00e9 a politick\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm pojmenov\u00e1v\u00e1me to, co se d\u011bje, nen\u00ed symbolick\u00fdm aktem; z\u00e1sadn\u011b utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed trajektorii strategick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed a je ukazatelem toho, jak vn\u00edm\u00e1me v\u011bci a jak si mysl\u00edme, \u017ee n\u00e1s vn\u00edmaj\u00ed ostatn\u00ed. Dekolonizace r\u00e1mc\u016f, skrze kter\u00e9 mluv\u00edme, proto nen\u00ed pouze symbolick\u00fdm c\u00edlem, ale strategickou cestou k politick\u00e9 a diplomatick\u00e9 praxi schopn\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e9st taktick\u00e9 zisky v ter\u00e9nu do dlouhodob\u00fdch strategick\u00fdch v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed \u2013 s vyu\u017eit\u00edm term\u00edn\u016f, kter\u00e9 si definujeme sami, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m vnucuj\u00ed zven\u010d\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00davodn\u00ed fotografie:<\/strong> Palestinci poh\u0159b\u00edvaj\u00ed t\u011bla 110 lid\u00ed zabit\u00fdch p\u0159i izraelsk\u00fdch \u00fatoc\u00edch v masov\u00e9m hrob\u011b na h\u0159bitov\u011b Khan Younis, 22. listopadu 2023. (Foto: \u00a9 Mohammed Talatene\/dpa via ZUMA Press APA Images)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Od\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Ameny al-Ashkar<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Snaha Ham\u00e1su z\u00edskat si sympatie Z\u00e1padu p\u0159irovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm genocidy v Gaze k holocaustu je pochopiteln\u00e1, ale…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":86821,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[178,6645,810,107],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86820"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=86820"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86820\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/86821"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86820"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=86820"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=86820"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}