{"id":86806,"date":"2025-09-01T00:14:09","date_gmt":"2025-08-31T22:14:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=86806"},"modified":"2025-08-31T15:19:29","modified_gmt":"2025-08-31T13:19:29","slug":"proc-fyzika-klade-limity-solarnim-snum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/09\/01\/proc-fyzika-klade-limity-solarnim-snum\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d fyzika klade limity sol\u00e1rn\u00edm sn\u016fm"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Zast\u00e1nci \u201esol\u00e1rn\u00ed budoucnosti\u201c prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed lidem poh\u00e1dku o nevy\u010derpateln\u00e9 s\u00edle slunce, jako by p\u00e1r hektar\u016f skla a k\u0159em\u00edku mohlo nap\u00e1jet pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd n\u00e1rod. Fyzika v\u0161ak nezn\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dnou ideologii a nemilosrdn\u011b odhaluje sv\u00e1 omezen\u00ed: slune\u010dn\u00ed energie vy\u017eaduje velk\u00e9 plochy, je nespolehliv\u00e1 a ze sv\u00e9 podstaty neefektivn\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo z n\u00ed chce ud\u011blat z\u00e1klad modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, bojuje proti realit\u011b.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed ve velkou energetickou revoluci ne\u00fanavn\u011b k\u00e1\u017eou o \u201enevy\u010derpateln\u00e9m potenci\u00e1lu Slunce\u201c. Hv\u011bzda, kter\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed miliardy let, by podle nich mohla snadno z\u00e1sobovat industrializovan\u00fd n\u00e1rod elekt\u0159inou. Jen hlup\u00e1k by o tom mohl pochybovat. Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kony v\u0161ak bohu\u017eel nikdy nikomu z\u00e1zrak nedop\u0159\u00e1ly, ani stoupenc\u016fm klimatick\u00e9ho kultu.\u00a0<\/span>Energie m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt teoreticky nekone\u010dn\u00e1, ale d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, jak se transformuje do pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 formy.<\/span><\/strong> A zde poh\u00e1dka kon\u010d\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e by si klimati\u010dt\u00ed ideologov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1li.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm faktorem je hustota energie. Jadern\u00e9 a fosiln\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny koncentruj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie do mal\u00fdch ploch. Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky naopak prosperuj\u00ed d\u00edky dif\u00fazi. V poledne dostane jeden metr \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00ed zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu za bezmra\u010dn\u00e9 oblohy teoreticky asi 1 000 watt\u016f slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Ale kdy\u017e vezmeme v \u00favahu ro\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed, po\u010das\u00ed, obla\u010dnost, zem\u011bpisnou \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku a denn\u00ed a no\u010dn\u00ed cykly, zb\u00fdv\u00e1 jen zlomek. I za\u00a0<\/span>optim\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednek produkuj\u00ed sol\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9my jen n\u011bkolik watt\u016f na metr \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, jadern\u00e1 energie produkuje n\u011bkolik stovek watt\u016f na metr \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00ed a uhl\u00ed a plyn mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b v\u00edce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hol\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla m\u00edsto ideologick\u00e9ho zbo\u017en\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\n

Hol\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla jsou jasn\u00e1<\/span><\/a> : Jadern\u00e1 energie vyr\u00e1b\u00ed 228 a\u017e 760 watt\u016f na metr \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00ed, zemn\u00ed plyn 185 a\u017e 740 watt\u016f a uhl\u00ed 26 a\u017e 105 watt\u016f. Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie se naopak pohybuje kolem 6 a\u017e 12 watt\u016f. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, v\u00fdroba jedn\u00e9 kilowatthodiny elekt\u0159iny ze slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vy\u017eaduje nejm\u00e9n\u011b desetkr\u00e1t a\u017e stokr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed plochu ne\u017e konven\u010dn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny. Je to prost\u011b fyzika.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bci se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b absurdn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi, pokud jde o kapacitn\u00ed faktor<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, m\u00edru skute\u010dn\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed kapacity. Zat\u00edmco jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny spolehliv\u011b b\u011b\u017e\u00ed na v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 procent, plynov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny (\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b proto, \u017ee jsou zap\u00edn\u00e1ny prim\u00e1rn\u011b b\u011bhem \u0161pi\u010dky a ne v\u017edy b\u011b\u017e\u00ed na pln\u00fd v\u00fdkon) dosahuj\u00ed zhruba 60 procent a uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny dobr\u00fdch 40 procent. Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie? Sm\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch 23 procent. Velmi jednodu\u0161e to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee takov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny nemohou vyu\u017e\u00edt asi t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny sv\u00e9ho teoretick\u00e9ho maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho potenci\u00e1lu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Elekt\u0159ina te\u010de pouze tehdy, kdy\u017e sv\u00edt\u00ed slunce.\u00a0<\/span>Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo chce tuto mezeru p\u0159eklenout, mus\u00ed postavit \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b energie, kter\u00e1 v po\u017eadovan\u00fdch rozm\u011brech neexistuj\u00ed, nebo m\u00edt elektr\u00e1rny na fosiln\u00ed paliva p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 k provozu, jakmile se objev\u00ed mraky nebo se setm\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto sol\u00e1rn\u00ed boom sotva vytla\u010dil fosiln\u00ed paliva na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e zv\u00fd\u0161il celkovou spot\u0159ebu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zrada p\u0159\u00edrody<\/span><\/h3>\n

K tomu se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 gigantick\u00e1 spot\u0159eba p\u016fdy. Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed farma o v\u00fdkonu 1 000 megawatt\u016f spot\u0159ebuje 20 a\u017e 40 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch p\u016fdy. Jadern\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna stejn\u00e9 kapacity pot\u0159ebuje zlomek t\u00e9to plochy: 1,2 a\u017e 4 kilometry \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo sn\u00ed o des\u00edtk\u00e1ch tis\u00edc sol\u00e1rn\u00edch pol\u00ed, tedy sn\u00ed tak\u00e9 o masivn\u00edm zatavov\u00e1n\u00ed krajiny, fragmentaci ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f a spot\u0159eb\u011b p\u016fdy, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ekra\u010duje v\u0161e, co bylo kdy obvin\u011bno z konven\u010dn\u00ed energie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cel\u00e1 v\u011bc se pak prod\u00e1v\u00e1 jako \u201eochrana klimatu\u201c.\u00a0Ve skute\u010dnosti<\/a><\/strong><\/span>\u00a0je to ale\u00a0neefektivn\u00ed symbolick\u00e1 akce, kter\u00e1 spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 zdroje, ni\u010d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodu a nakonec nedod\u00e1v\u00e1 to, co bylo lidstvu sl\u00edbeno:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0levnou, bezpe\u010dnou a spolehlivou energii. Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky mohou b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro soukrom\u00e9 st\u0159echy, izolovan\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b nebo dopl\u0148kov\u00fd zdroj energie. Nejsou v\u0161ak vhodn\u00e9 jako z\u00e1klad high-tech spole\u010dnosti. Takov\u00e1 je realita.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fyziku prost\u011b nelze p\u0159echytra\u010dit usnesen\u00edmi v Bundestagu ani ned\u011bln\u00edmi projevy v Bruselu. Dokud se lidstvo bude spol\u00e9hat na spolehlivou v\u00fdrobu energie, nebude m\u00edt jinou mo\u017enost ne\u017e se spol\u00e9hat na zdroje energie s vysokou hustotou a vysokou dostupnost\u00ed: jadernou energii, plyn, ropu a uhl\u00ed. Cokoli jin\u00e9ho je pozv\u00e1nkou k v\u00fdpadku proudu.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Zast\u00e1nci \u201esol\u00e1rn\u00ed budoucnosti\u201c prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed lidem poh\u00e1dku o nevy\u010derpateln\u00e9 s\u00edle slunce, jako by p\u00e1r hektar\u016f skla…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":86807,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[285,1503,6402],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86806"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=86806"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86806\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/86807"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86806"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=86806"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=86806"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}