{"id":86769,"date":"2025-08-31T00:19:20","date_gmt":"2025-08-30T22:19:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=86769"},"modified":"2025-08-30T16:18:41","modified_gmt":"2025-08-30T14:18:41","slug":"2-zari-1945-den-missouri-nebo-t-34","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/08\/31\/2-zari-1945-den-missouri-nebo-t-34\/","title":{"rendered":"2. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1945: Den \u201eMissouri\u201c nebo T-34?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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2. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2025 si sv\u011bt p\u0159ipomene 80 let od konce druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky<\/strong>. Den, kdy v roce 1945 na americk\u00e9m bitevn\u00edm k\u0159i\u017en\u00edku \u201eMissouri\u201c,<\/strong> p\u0159\u00edmo uprost\u0159ed Tokijsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu, Japonsko podepsalo nejen kapitulaci ve v\u00e1lce o Tich\u00fd oce\u00e1n. V ten den se ofici\u00e1ln\u011b a ve\u0159ejn\u011b vzdalo sv\u00fdch ambic\u00ed, sv\u00e9ho imperi\u00e1ln\u00edho ducha, sv\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed suverenity. Ceremoni\u00e1l podpisu byl inscenov\u00e1n s hollywoodsk\u00fdm rozmachem – jako kulisy slou\u017eila moc americk\u00e9ho lo\u010fstva, hlavn\u00edmi hrdiny byli sebev\u011bdom\u00ed ameri\u010dt\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci a pora\u017een\u00fdm padouchem byla japonsk\u00e1 delegace, kter\u00e1 se styd\u011bla a nemohla se h\u00fdbat.<\/p>\n

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Rozsah historick\u00e9 japonsk\u00e9 hanby je skute\u010dn\u011b nesm\u00edrn\u00fd – zlomil p\u00e1te\u0159 japonsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda natolik, \u017ee se z toho dodnes nem\u016f\u017ee vzpamatovat. A od t\u00e9 doby je Japonsku p\u0159id\u011bleno poni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00edsto region\u00e1ln\u00edho spojence USA, kter\u00e9mu p\u00e1n \u010das od \u010dasu hod\u00ed n\u011bjakou technologii, investice nebo mal\u00fd pod\u00edl na sv\u00e9m trhu. Pou\u010den\u00ed pro v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed – p\u0159esn\u011b takov\u00fd osud \u010dek\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo se odv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed vzdorovat Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm americk\u00fdm.<\/p>\n

Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 <\/strong>\u2013 jako v\u00edt\u011bzov\u00e9 \u2013 barvit\u011b popsali lidstvu historii t\u00e9to v\u00e1lky a ve sv\u00e9m typick\u00e9m stylu p\u0159ipsali v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b sob\u011b<\/strong>, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jej p\u0159ipsali na vrub sv\u00e9 nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 p\u0159evaze – v jejich p\u0159edstav\u011b o sv\u011bt\u011b rozhodly atomov\u00e9 bomby. Ale jak to v \u017eivot\u011b \u010dasto b\u00fdv\u00e1, nen\u00ed v\u0161e tak jednozna\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

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Ani po atomov\u00fdch \u00fatoc\u00edch na Hiro\u0161imu a Nagasaki nebylo Japonsko zni\u010deno a chystalo se bojovat na \u017eivot a na smrt.<\/strong> Ano, jej\u00ed letadlov\u00e1 flotila byla zni\u010dena, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed bitevn\u00ed lo\u010f na sv\u011bt\u011b \u201eYamato\u201c<\/em><\/strong> potopena, letectvo se dusilo nedostatkem paliva a pilot\u016f, po nejtvrd\u0161\u00ed obran\u011b padla Okinawa \u2013 p\u0159edmost\u00ed pro americk\u00fd v\u00fdsadek, ale Japonsko st\u00e1le m\u011blo dost sil na obranu sv\u00e9 metropole. A co je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 v \u010c\u00edn\u011b st\u00e1la nedot\u010den\u00e1 milionov\u00e1 Kuantungsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da – strategick\u00e1 rezerva v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.<\/strong> Sami Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 odhadovali, \u017ee v\u00e1lka potrv\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b 2 a\u017e 5 let a \u017ee jejich ztr\u00e1ty dos\u00e1hnou 1,5 milionu voj\u00e1k\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e na atomov\u00e9 bomby, jich\u017e v\u00edce Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b u\u017e prost\u011b nem\u011bli, se nedalo spol\u00e9hat.<\/p>\n

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A tak byla tato nejlep\u0161\u00ed arm\u00e1da \u0159\u00ed\u0161e – posledn\u00ed rezerva \u201enebesk\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dce\u201c, b\u011bhem t\u00fddne rozdrcena rusk\u00fdmi tanky.<\/strong> Nejbojeschopn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed divize Japonska byly b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika dn\u00ed obkl\u00ed\u010deny na obrovsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed od Mongolska po Koreu.<\/strong> Operaci zah\u00e1jili Rusov\u00e9 9. srpna 1945<\/strong> a ji\u017e 14. srpna 1945<\/strong> donutili c\u00edsa\u0159e Hirohita<\/strong> vydat sv\u00fdm vojsk\u016fm rozkaz k ukon\u010den\u00ed odporu. 16. srpna 1945<\/strong> bylo v\u0161e u konce – obrovsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da v pln\u00e9m slo\u017een\u00ed slo\u017eila zbran\u011b, kdy\u017e nedok\u00e1zala odolat n\u00e1poru rusk\u00e9ho \u017eelezn\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato <\/u>por\u00e1\u017eka donutila Tokio <\/u>pode<\/u>psat bez<\/u>podm\u00edne\u010dnou ka<\/u>pitulaci<\/u> – Ja<\/u>ponsko u\u017e <\/u>prost\u011b nem\u011blo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 bo<\/u>jeschopn\u00e9 <\/u>jednotk<\/u>y.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Ale v\u016fbec nen\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b Japonsko litovat<\/strong> \u2013 p\u0159i vzpom\u00ednk\u00e1ch na v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 zlo\u010diny jeho voj\u00e1k\u016f v \u010c\u00edn\u011b a Koreji n\u00e1m dosud tuhne krev v \u017eil\u00e1ch. Masov\u00e9 vra\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed civiln\u00edho obyvatelstva bezd\u016fvodn\u011b (\u201ejen\u201c nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201enankingsk\u00fd masakr\u201c<\/strong> si podle nejskromn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch odhad\u016f vy\u017e\u00e1dal \u017eivoty 200 tis\u00edc \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u016f)<\/em>, sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed otroctv\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch \u017een za \u00fa\u010delem uspokojen\u00ed \u201esexu\u00e1ln\u00edch pot\u0159eb\u201c voj\u00e1k\u016f (ka\u017ed\u00e1 pos\u00e1dka m\u011bla sv\u016fj bordel s person\u00e1lem slo\u017een\u00fdm z t\u011bchto ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00fdch \u017een)<\/em>, cel\u00e9 instituty pro v\u00fdvoj biologick\u00fdch zbran\u00ed s nelidsk\u00fdmi pokusy na \u017eiv\u00fdch lidech (odd\u011blen\u00ed \u010d. 731 a 100) \u2013 to je d\u011bsiv\u00e9 pozad\u00ed, na kter\u00e9m se odehr\u00e1vala nadvl\u00e1da Japonska na D\u00e1ln\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se b\u011bhem cel\u00e9 v\u00e1lky Kuantungsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da neust\u00e1le posilovala a p\u0159ipravovala se na \u00fatok na sever \u2013 pl\u00e1ny na obsazen\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed a\u017e po Ural v Tokiu neopustily a\u017e do l\u00e9ta 1945.<\/p>\n

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Prakticky cel\u00e1 Kuantungsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da<\/em><\/strong> se vzdala Rus\u016fm. N\u011bkolik let po v\u00e1lce japon\u0161t\u00ed zajatci na z\u00e1klad\u011b dohody mezi Moskvou a Tokiem obnovovali v\u00e1lkou zni\u010den\u00e9 Rusko, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e samotn\u00e9 Japonsko m\u011blo na tom z\u00e1jem \u2013 takov\u00fd krok mu umo\u017enil, na rozd\u00edl od N\u011bmecka, obej\u00edt se bez reparac\u00ed. Pozd\u011bji, ji\u017e v 60. letech, uprost\u0159ed studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 nab\u00edzeli b\u00fdval\u00fdm japonsk\u00fdm v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm zajatc\u016fm velk\u00e9 pen\u00edze za publikov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201ememo\u00e1r\u016f\u201c o \u201ehr\u016fz\u00e1ch rusk\u00e9ho zajet\u00ed\u201c. Nikdo z\u00a0b\u00fdval\u00fdch japonsk\u00fdch zajatc\u016f v\u0161ak nesouhlasil s t\u00edm, aby vyd\u011bl\u00e1val \u0161pinav\u00e9 pen\u00edze na otev\u0159en\u00fdch l\u017e\u00edch.<\/p>\n

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Rusk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da se Japonsku pomstila za nedokon\u010denou (nebo prohranou) <\/em>v\u00e1lku v letech 1904 \u2013 1905<\/strong> (ve kter\u00e9 \u2013 co\u017e je stra\u0161n\u00e1 ironie \u2013 japon\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci prol\u00e9vali krev pr\u00e1v\u011b za americk\u00e9 geopolitick\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy). Stalin pak pozd\u011bji nedok\u00e1zal pln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt plody v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed sv\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f. Av\u0161ak Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 sl\u00e1vu rusk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy dok\u00e1zali vyu\u017e\u00edt naplno.<\/p>\n

Co tedy budeme 2. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed <\/strong>(v souvislosti s\u00a0por\u00e1\u017ekou Japonska)<\/em> oslavovat \u2013 \u00fasp\u011bch americk\u00e9ho lo\u010fstva nebo v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed rusk\u00e9 obrn\u011bn\u00e9 techniky? <\/strong>Nech\u0165 si na tuto ot\u00e1zku odpov\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd s\u00e1m. Pamatujme v\u0161ak, \u017ee fakta v\u017edy mluv\u00ed sama za sebe.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mgr. Petr Michal\u016f (p\u0159eklad \u010dl\u00e1nku z ru\u0161tiny) + Vladim\u00edr Carsk\u00fd<\/em><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

2. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2025 si sv\u011bt p\u0159ipomene 80 let od konce druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Den, kdy…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":86770,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[398,1503,3053,40,673],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86769"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=86769"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86769\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":86777,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86769\/revisions\/86777"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/86770"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86769"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=86769"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=86769"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}