{"id":86560,"date":"2025-08-28T00:28:16","date_gmt":"2025-08-27T22:28:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=86560"},"modified":"2025-08-27T19:40:31","modified_gmt":"2025-08-27T17:40:31","slug":"trumpovo-protiustavni-ciny-se-tykaji-rozsireni-prezidentske-moci-nikoli-verejne-bezpecnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/08\/28\/trumpovo-protiustavni-ciny-se-tykaji-rozsireni-prezidentske-moci-nikoli-verejne-bezpecnosti\/","title":{"rendered":"Trumpovo proti\u00fastavn\u00ed \u010diny se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed prezidentsk\u00e9 moci, nikoli ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
\n
\n

Ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost a prezidentsk\u00e1 moc<\/span><\/h2>\n

Thomas Jefferson a James Madison si uv\u011bdomovali, \u017ee cenou za bezpe\u010dnost m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ztr\u00e1ta osobn\u00ed svobody, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed prezidentsk\u00e9 moci, ztr\u00e1ta m\u00edstn\u00ed kontroly nad polici\u00ed a poru\u0161en\u00ed principu subsidiarity, p\u00ed\u0161e soudce Andrew Napolitano.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Od Andrewa P. Napolitana<\/span><\/p>\n

Prezident Donald Trump tento m\u011bs\u00edc prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed policejn\u00ed \u010dinnosti na feder\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni prom\u011bnilo Washington, D.C., z nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho m\u011bsta v Americe v nejbezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsto b\u011bhem \u010dty\u0159 dn\u016f. Nep\u0159edlo\u017eil \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy, z\u0159ejm\u011b se spol\u00e9hal na vlastn\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a neofici\u00e1ln\u00ed sv\u011bdectv\u00ed od p\u0159\u00e1tel. Argumentoval t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u0161ichni cht\u011bj\u00ed, aby zajistil bezpe\u010dnost jejich m\u011bst a komunit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trump neodolal a informoval o n\u00e1r\u016fstu zat\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159ily trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, jako je tul\u00e1ctv\u00ed, \u00fat\u011bk p\u0159ed feder\u00e1ln\u00edmi agenty a \u00fader sendvi\u010dem do nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00e9 vesty feder\u00e1ln\u00edho policisty. Zda se zat\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed za trestn\u00e9 \u010diny ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed kvalitu \u017eivota, nebo za netrestn\u00e9 \u010diny \u2013 tul\u00e1ctv\u00ed je proti\u00fastavn\u00ed a \u00fat\u011bk p\u0159ed feder\u00e1ln\u00edmi agenty nen\u00ed trestn\u00fd \u010din, pokud nemaj\u00ed legitimn\u00ed d\u016fvod k st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 m\u016f\u017ee prom\u00edtnout do odsouzen\u00ed a hmatateln\u00e9ho bezpe\u010d\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jefferson a Madison ch\u00e1pali, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd chce b\u00fdt v bezpe\u010d\u00ed, ale uv\u011bdomovali si, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e1 cena za bezpe\u010dnost je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1: ztr\u00e1ta osobn\u00ed svobody, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ji\u017e tak nafoukl\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed prezidenta, ztr\u00e1ta m\u00edstn\u00ed kontroly nad polici\u00ed a poru\u0161en\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00ed z\u00e1sady subsidiarity.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eTrump neodolal ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o n\u00e1r\u016fstu zat\u010den\u00ed. Mezi tato zat\u010den\u00ed pat\u0159ily trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, jako je tul\u00e1ctv\u00ed, \u00fat\u011bk p\u0159ed feder\u00e1ln\u00edmi agenty a narazen\u00ed sendvi\u010dem do nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00e9 vesty feder\u00e1ln\u00edho policisty.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Prehistorie<\/span><\/h3>\n

B\u011bhem koloni\u00e1ln\u00edho obdob\u00ed neexistovala \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 policie. Ve m\u011bstech p\u016fsobili pouze \u017eal\u00e1\u0159n\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed vykon\u00e1vali p\u0159\u00edkazy soudc\u016f, co\u017e zahrnovalo uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed a ob\u010das i popravu. P\u00edsemn\u00e9 z\u00e1kony byly vz\u00e1cn\u00e9. Oby\u010dejov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo se \u0159\u00eddilo p\u0159irozen\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem. K vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u016f \u0161erif z\u0159izoval milice slo\u017een\u00e9 z farm\u00e1\u0159\u016f a \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1lovu politiku prosazovali koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed guvern\u00e9\u0159i, jejich voj\u00e1ci a brit\u0161t\u00ed agenti vyzbrojen\u00ed v\u0161eobecn\u00fdmi rozkazy. Tyto rozkazy, vyd\u00e1van\u00e9 tajn\u00fdm soudem v Lond\u00fdn\u011b, oprav\u0148ovaly dr\u017eitele k prohl\u00eddk\u00e1m a konfiskaci \u010dehokoli a v\u0161eho.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jednou z Jeffersonov\u00fdch nejtrp\u010d\u00edch st\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed v Deklaraci nez\u00e1vislosti bylo opakovan\u00e9 poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed doktr\u00edny subsidiarity ze strany kr\u00e1le. Tato z\u00e1sada, vyvinut\u00e1 \u0158\u00edmany, pozd\u011bji kodifikovan\u00e1 Tom\u00e1\u0161em Akvinsk\u00fdm a p\u0159ijat\u00e1 na Z\u00e1pad\u011b, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee pokud m\u00e1 vl\u00e1da splnit n\u011bjak\u00fd \u00fakol \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e jde o st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u011b zaparkovan\u00e9ho auta nebo veden\u00ed v\u00e1lky \u2013 mus\u00ed pracovat s co nejmen\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem zdroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 k dispozici vl\u00e1dnut\u00ed. A efektivn\u011b to m\u016f\u017ee ud\u011blat pouze ta \u00farove\u0148 vl\u00e1dy, kter\u00e1 je probl\u00e9mu nejbl\u00ed\u017ee.<\/span><\/p>\n

Madison to vzal v \u00favahu p\u0159i tvorb\u011b \u00fastavy. Jasn\u011b definoval pravomoci \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u2013 ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost mezi n\u011b nepat\u0159ila. Vylou\u010den\u00edm zdrav\u00ed, bezpe\u010dnosti, soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed a mor\u00e1lky tyto oblasti vyhradil st\u00e1t\u016fm. Aby to zakotvil, vytvo\u0159il 10. dodatek \u00fastavy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Madison tak\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bl, co Jefferson odsoudil v Deklaraci nez\u00e1vislosti: \u017ee kr\u00e1l nech\u00e1v\u00e1 zat\u00fdkat kolonisty v Americe a p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bt je do Lond\u00fdna. \u00dastava proto obsahuje ustanoven\u00ed, \u017ee feder\u00e1ln\u00ed trestn\u00ed soudn\u00ed procesy se mus\u00ed konat v soudn\u00edm okrese, kde byl zlo\u010din sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed policie a \u00fastavn\u00ed limity<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u010casto jsem argumentoval, \u017ee FBI a Ministerstvo vnit\u0159n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti (DHS) jsou proti\u00fastavn\u00ed. Nejsou ani zm\u00edn\u011bny, ani implicitn\u011b uvedeny v \u00dastav\u011b a jejich funkce \u2013 ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost \u2013 jsou vyhrazeny st\u00e1t\u016fm. A\u017e do prezidentsk\u00fdch mand\u00e1t\u016f Woodrowa Wilsona a Franklina Delana Roosevelta feder\u00e1ln\u00ed agentury nezasahovaly do boje proti zlo\u010dinu. To byla odpov\u011bdnost st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Wilson pot\u00e9 vytvo\u0159il p\u0159edch\u016fdce FBI a p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dil Kongres, \u017ee nyn\u00ed pot\u0159ebujeme feder\u00e1ln\u00ed policejn\u00ed s\u00edly. Za Roosevelta se tyto s\u00edly d\u00e1le roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily \u2013 a ka\u017ed\u00fd \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed Ameri\u010dan vyr\u016fstal s p\u0159edstavou FBI jako feder\u00e1ln\u00edho org\u00e1nu \u010dinn\u00e9ho v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po \u00fatoc\u00edch z 11. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed Bushova administrativa vytvo\u0159ila dal\u0161\u00ed feder\u00e1ln\u00ed policejn\u00ed s\u00edly, desetkr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e FBI: DHS. Tito policist\u00e9 nos\u00ed p\u0159i zat\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 ko\u0161ile a masky, \u010dasto bez zatyka\u010d\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201e\u2026FBI a Ministerstvo vnit\u0159n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti jsou proti\u00fastavn\u00ed.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se prezident Trump rozhodl zn\u00e1rodnit policii metropolitn\u00ed oblasti Washingtonu D.C. na 32 dn\u00ed \u2013 v souladu se z\u00e1konem o samospr\u00e1v\u011b z roku 1973 \u2013 pokusil se nahradit policejn\u00edho \u0161\u00e9fa feder\u00e1ln\u00edm byrokratem. Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed soud tomu zabr\u00e1nil. Nyn\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u011b hled\u00e1 zp\u016fsoby, jak p\u0159evz\u00edt kontrolu i nad policejn\u00edmi odd\u011blen\u00edmi v New Yorku, Chicagu a Los Angeles. M\u016f\u017ee to ud\u011blat leg\u00e1ln\u011b? Jedn\u00edm slovem:\u00a0<\/span>NE.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ve dvou p\u0159\u00edpadech z 90. let,\u00a0<\/span>U.S. v. Lopez<\/span><\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Printz v. U.S.<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud potvrdil feder\u00e1ln\u00ed suverenitu v z\u00e1le\u017eitostech ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti. Soud objasnil, \u017ee feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da nem\u016f\u017ee diktovat st\u00e1t\u016fm, jak zabezpe\u010duj\u00ed sv\u00e9 silnice, ani je zbavovat financov\u00e1n\u00ed. Toto je Madisonova subsidiarita v modern\u00ed podob\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli DC technicky pat\u0159\u00ed Kongresu a prezident m\u00e1 32 dn\u00ed policejn\u00ed kontrolu nad t\u00edmto m\u00edstem, Trumpovy kroky k \u201evy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed\u201c ulic a zat\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pova\u017euje za n\u00e1siln\u00edky, postr\u00e1daj\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00ed z\u00e1klad.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e1 my\u0161lenka<\/span><\/h3>\n

Svoboda pramen\u00ed z omezov\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dy, nikoli z jej\u00edho roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Vzkv\u00e9t\u00e1, kdy\u017e se dodr\u017euj\u00ed postupy. Pokud si vl\u00e1da m\u016f\u017ee d\u011blat, co chce, ve jm\u00e9nu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti, kdo n\u00e1s p\u0159ed vl\u00e1dou ochr\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/span><\/p>\n

Andrew P. Napolitano, b\u00fdval\u00fd soudce Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu v New Jersey, byl hlavn\u00edm soudn\u00edm analytikem pro Fox News Channel a moderuje podcast Judging Freedom. Napsal sedm knih o \u00fastav\u011b Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je Suicide Pact: The Radical Expansion of Presidential Powers and the Deadly Threat to American Liberty.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost a prezidentsk\u00e1 moc Thomas Jefferson a James Madison si uv\u011bdomovali, \u017ee cenou za…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":86561,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[57,452,37,322],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86560"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=86560"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86560\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/86561"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=86560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=86560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}