{"id":86345,"date":"2025-08-26T00:12:49","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T22:12:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=86345"},"modified":"2025-08-25T13:59:49","modified_gmt":"2025-08-25T11:59:49","slug":"13-let-bez-deste-co-nas-pad-mayu-uci-o-klimatickych-zmenach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/08\/26\/13-let-bez-deste-co-nas-pad-mayu-uci-o-klimatickych-zmenach\/","title":{"rendered":"13 let bez de\u0161t\u011b: Co n\u00e1s p\u00e1d May\u016f u\u010d\u00ed o klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Klimati\u010dt\u00ed proroci r\u00e1di tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee lidstvo nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm nemuselo sn\u00e1\u0161et takov\u00e9 \u201epov\u011btrnostn\u00ed extr\u00e9my\u201c jako dnes. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo se v\u0161ak trochu pono\u0159\u00ed do historie, si rychle uv\u011bdom\u00ed: To nen\u00ed nic v\u00edc ne\u017e modern\u00ed poh\u00e1dka. Dlouho p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e existovaly spalovac\u00ed motory, uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny nebo leteck\u00e1 doprava, se kv\u016fli rozmar\u016fm po\u010das\u00ed hroutily cel\u00e9 kultury. Mayov\u00e9 byli jednou z nich.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">P\u0159i listov\u00e1n\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edmi titulky o \u00fadajn\u00e9 \u201eklimatick\u00e9 katastrof\u011b\u201c z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bk dojem, \u017ee apokalypsa je za rohem. Sucha, bou\u0159e, z\u00e1plavy \u2013 to v\u0161e se reflexivn\u011b p\u0159ipisuje modern\u00edmu pr\u016fmyslu. Historie v\u0161ak dokazuje opak: Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 jevy v\u017edy ur\u010dovaly osud n\u00e1rod\u016f a \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pozoruhodn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad poskytuje studie ned\u00e1vno publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Science Advances s n\u00e1zvem \u201e\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adw7661\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span dir=\"auto\">Klasick\u00e1 maysk\u00e1 reakce na v\u00edcelet\u00e1 sez\u00f3nn\u00ed sucha v severoz\u00e1padn\u00edm Yucat\u00e1nu v Mexiku<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u201c. Popisuje, jak v\u011bdci objevili nen\u00e1padn\u00fd stalagmitov\u00fd sloup hluboko v mexick\u00e9 jeskyni, kter\u00fd poskytl dramatick\u00fd d\u016fkaz: P\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e tis\u00edci lety za\u017eili Mayov\u00e9 sucho obrovsk\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f \u2013 po dobu 13 let t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u00fapln\u011b chyb\u011bl vytou\u017een\u00fd d\u00e9\u0161\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-rendered\"><iframe id=\"twitter-widget-0\" class=\"\" title=\"X P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek\" src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/embed\/Tweet.html?dnt=true&amp;embedId=twitter-widget-0&amp;features=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%3D%3D&amp;frame=false&amp;hideCard=false&amp;hideThread=false&amp;id=1958771167944192106&amp;lang=cs&amp;origin=https%3A%2F%2Freport24.news%2F13-jahre-ohne-regen-was-der-untergang-der-maya-ueber-den-klimawandel-lehrt%2F&amp;sessionId=9fceaee3638b624b7ad7cb8be8f81647230d4c26&amp;theme=light&amp;widgetsVersion=2615f7e52b7e0%3A1702314776716&amp;width=550px\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-tweet-id=\"1958771167944192106\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016fm z Univerzity v Cambridgi se poda\u0159ilo rekonstruovat sr\u00e1\u017eky z let 871 a\u017e 1021 n. l. ve v\u00e1pencov\u00fdch usazenin\u00e1ch jeskyn\u011b v severn\u00edm Yucat\u00e1nu. S ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159esnost\u00ed dok\u00e1zali ur\u010dit nejen ro\u010dn\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eky, ale i to, zda obdob\u00ed de\u0161\u0165\u016f selhalo. V\u00fdsledky jsou \u00fachvatn\u00e9: oblast zas\u00e1hlo n\u011bkolik obdob\u00ed sucha trvaj\u00edc\u00edch t\u0159i roky a d\u00e9le, z nich\u017e nejdel\u0161\u00ed trvalo cel\u00fdch 13 let.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo n\u011bkdy za\u017eil l\u00e9to se such\u00fdmi poli, si dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159edstavit, co to znamenalo pro agr\u00e1rn\u00ed spole\u010dnost. Pole ch\u0159adla, \u00faroda selh\u00e1vala a ani sofistikovan\u00e9 vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee May\u016f nedok\u00e1zaly tuto katastrofu zm\u00edrnit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">D\u016fsledky byly z\u0159ejm\u00e9: m\u011bsta byla opu\u0161t\u011bna, monument\u00e1ln\u00ed stavebn\u00ed projekty zastaveny a vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed dynastie se zhroutily. Archeologov\u00e9 ji\u017e d\u00e1vno zjistili, \u017ee v dob\u00e1ch takov\u00e9ho sucha n\u00e1pisy na pyramid\u00e1ch a chr\u00e1mech n\u00e1hle ust\u00e1valy. Tam, kde byla d\u0159\u00edve moc a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed vytes\u00e1ny do kamene, najednou zavl\u00e1dlo ticho \u2013 proto\u017ee lid\u00e9 m\u011bli jin\u00e9 v\u011bci na pr\u00e1ci, ne\u017e vytes\u00e1vat sochy boh\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Bojovali o pouh\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. Zhroucen\u00ed maysk\u00e9 kultury proto nebylo z\u00e1hadou, ale jednoduch\u00fdm d\u016fsledkem p\u0159irozen\u00e9 zm\u011bny klimatu: p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo de\u0161\u0165\u016f, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e1 sucha, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost na rozmarech p\u0159\u00edrody.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h-eine-gefahrliche-abhangigkeit-von-den-launen-der-natur\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost na rozmarech p\u0159\u00edrody<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, jak p\u0159esn\u011b anal\u00fdzy stalagmit\u016f odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed ud\u00e1losti, kter\u00e9 archeologov\u00e9 z ruin ji\u017e d\u00e1vno odvodili. Tam, kde klimatick\u00e9 k\u0159ivky nazna\u010duj\u00ed suchost, i n\u00e1pisy \u201eztichly\u201c. Tam, kde se vr\u00e1til d\u00e9\u0161\u0165, se kultura a moc znovu rozho\u0159ely. Je to p\u016fsobiv\u00e1 souhra geo v\u011bd a historick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu \u2013 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 facka do tv\u00e1\u0159e v\u0161em, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee dne\u0161n\u00ed klima lze \u0159\u00eddit po\u017eadovan\u00fdm sm\u011brem prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch dan\u00ed a ideologick\u00fdch z\u00e1kaz\u016f. (N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee se Mayov\u00e9 sna\u017eili uklidnit bohy po\u010das\u00ed lidsk\u00fdmi ob\u011b\u0165mi. To pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b funguje stejn\u011b dob\u0159e jako uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 dan\u011b.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">P\u0159\u00edklad May\u016f ukazuje: Lid\u00e9 nejsou p\u00e1ny klimatu. Ani vysoce rozvinut\u00e9 kultury se zavla\u017eovac\u00edmi syst\u00e9my a striktn\u011b organizovan\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi byly bezmocn\u00e9 \u010delit po\u010das\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edroda diktuje pravidla, ne naopak. To se po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed nezm\u011bnilo. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo dnes tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee spole\u010dnost m\u016f\u017ee stabilizovat Zemi vynucenou \u201enulovou \u010distou hladinou\u201c a deindustrializac\u00ed, pouze prokazuje svou historickou nev\u011bdomost.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Osud May\u016f se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b dokonale hod\u00ed k tomu, aby znovu vyvolal stra\u0161idlo \u201eklimatick\u00e9 katastrofy\u201c. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed modern\u00ed badatel\u00e9 vn\u00edmaj\u00ed tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh jako pouh\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed pro n\u00e1s \u2013 n\u011bco ve smyslu: Pokud Mayov\u00e9 zahynuli v d\u016fsledku 13let\u00e9ho sucha, pak i my budeme odsouzeni k z\u00e1niku, a\u017e se zm\u011bn\u00ed klima.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tento z\u00e1v\u011br je v\u0161ak stejn\u011b povrchn\u00ed jako ideologicky zaujat\u00fd. Lidstvo ji\u017e nen\u00ed z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00edch monzunu. M\u00e1me glob\u00e1ln\u00ed obchod, technick\u00e9 zavla\u017eovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my, odsolovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b fosiln\u00ed paliva, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1s \u010din\u00ed nez\u00e1vislej\u0161\u00edmi na rozmarech p\u0159\u00edrody ne\u017e kter\u00e1koli kultura p\u0159ed n\u00e1mi.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h-aus-den-fehlern-lernen\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">U\u010dte se z chyb<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Skute\u010dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m tedy nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v klimatu, ale v politick\u00e9 po\u0161etilosti. M\u00edsto posilov\u00e1n\u00ed odolnosti na\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm robustn\u00ed infrastruktury a energetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti se z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b oslabujeme \u2013 energetickou politikou, kter\u00e1 se spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na gener\u00e1tory n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na po\u010das\u00ed, a zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00edm, kter\u00e9 st\u00e9n\u00e1 pod ideologick\u00fdmi omezen\u00edmi. Mayov\u00e9 nem\u011bli na v\u00fdb\u011br; my ano. A p\u0159esto se zd\u00e1, \u017ee jsme odhodl\u00e1ni opakovat stejnou chybu: b\u00fdt vyd\u00e1ni na milost a nemilost p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, proto\u017ee se chceme spoutat a sv\u011b\u0159it v\u00fdrobu elekt\u0159iny do rukou boh\u016f slunce a v\u011btru.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Stalaktity z Mexika jsou tedy v\u00edc ne\u017e jen oknem do minulosti. Jsou p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou: sucho, povodn\u011b a bou\u0159e nejsou modern\u00ed vyn\u00e1lezy, ale konstanty p\u0159\u00edrody. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee jim lze zabr\u00e1nit dan\u011bmi, prohibicemi a p\u0159ev\u00fdchovn\u00fdmi programy, je na stejn\u00e9 \u0161patn\u00e9 cest\u011b jako ti vl\u00e1dci, kte\u0159\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 suchu ob\u011btovali sv\u00fdm boh\u016fm jen zoufal\u00e9 ob\u011bti. Mayov\u00e9 zahynuli, proto\u017ee nemohli nic ud\u011blat s proti\u00fatokem klimatu. My bychom to naopak mohli ud\u011blat \u2013 kdybychom cht\u011bli.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-86134 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/volby10-212x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"693\" height=\"981\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/volby10-212x300.png 212w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/volby10-724x1024.png 724w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/volby10-768x1086.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 693px) 100vw, 693px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Klimati\u010dt\u00ed proroci r\u00e1di tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee lidstvo nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm nemuselo sn\u00e1\u0161et takov\u00e9 \u201epov\u011btrnostn\u00ed extr\u00e9my\u201c jako dnes&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":86346,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[905,873,9690],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86345"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=86345"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86345\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/86346"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86345"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=86345"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=86345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}