{"id":86319,"date":"2025-08-25T00:22:10","date_gmt":"2025-08-24T22:22:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=86319"},"modified":"2025-08-24T14:51:18","modified_gmt":"2025-08-24T12:51:18","slug":"zdenek-koudelka-zvoli-prezidenta-usa-parlament","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/08\/25\/zdenek-koudelka-zvoli-prezidenta-usa-parlament\/","title":{"rendered":"Zden\u011bk Koudelka: Zvol\u00ed prezidenta USA parlament?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<p>Elon Musk cht\u011bl v roce 2025 novou politickou stranou v\u00a0USA s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem Amerika naru\u0161it monopol Republik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 a Demokratick\u00e9 strany. T\u0159et\u00ed strana m\u016f\u017ee prom\u011bnit americk\u00fd politick\u00fd syst\u00e9m ji\u017e, z\u00edsk\u00e1-li alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1st volitel\u016f americk\u00e9ho prezidenta.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0USA jsou nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 volby prezidenta. Voli\u010di vol\u00ed volitele a ti teprve vol\u00ed prezidenta. V\u011bt\u0161inou je v\u00fdsledek jasn\u00fd po volb\u00e1ch volitel\u016f, proto\u017ee odevzdaj\u00ed hlas kandid\u00e1tovi, za n\u011bho\u017e kandidovali ve volb\u00e1ch volitel\u016f. Ale volitel\u00e9 maj\u00ed na volbu prezidenta jen jeden pokus a v\u00edt\u011bz mus\u00ed m\u00edt nadpolovi\u010dn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu v\u0161ech volitel\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se nesch\u00e1z\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b, ale v r\u00e1mci sv\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, v nich\u017e plat\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e1 \u010dasov\u00e1 p\u00e1sma. Jinak p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed volba na americk\u00fd parlament \u2013 Kongres, jeho\u017e Sn\u011bmovna reprezentant\u016f vol\u00ed prezidenta a Sen\u00e1t viceprezidenta.<\/p>\n<p>To, \u017ee volitel\u00e9 jsou ve volb\u00e1ch prezidenta a viceprezidenta \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00ed, je d\u00edky syst\u00e9mu dvou politick\u00fdch stran, tedy jen dvou kandid\u00e1t\u016f. Z\u00edsk\u00e1-li v\u0161ak malou \u010d\u00e1st volitel\u016f kandid\u00e1t t\u0159et\u00ed strany, ji\u017e zpravidla nikdo nadpolovi\u010dn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu nedostane. Nap\u0159\u00edklad republik\u00e1ni z\u00edskaj\u00ed 48 % volitel\u016f, demokrat\u00e9 47 % a t\u0159et\u00ed strana 5 %. T\u0159et\u00ed strana sv\u00e9ho kandid\u00e1ta neprotla\u010d\u00ed, ale jejich 5 % sta\u010d\u00ed, aby volba p\u0159e\u0161la na Kongres, co\u017e se stalo v\u00a0letech 1801 a 1825.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-85920 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/pozvaniV-300x140.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"701\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/pozvaniV-300x140.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/pozvaniV.jpg 925w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 701px) 100vw, 701px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Sn\u011bmovna reprezentant\u016f pak vol\u00ed ze t\u0159\u00ed kandid\u00e1t\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed od volitel\u016f z\u00edskali nejv\u00edce hlas\u016f. Poslanci nevol\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo, ale v\u00a0r\u00e1mci sv\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a ka\u017ed\u00fd st\u00e1t m\u00e1 jeden hlas. Nejprve tedy poslanci z Kalifornie vol\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 skupin\u011b a ten kandid\u00e1t, kter\u00fd vyhraje dostane hlas za Kalifornii. V\u00edt\u011bz pot\u0159ebuje 26 hlas\u016f, co\u017e je nadpolovi\u010dn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00a050 st\u00e1t\u016f unie. Preferov\u00e1ny jsou tak m\u00e1lo lidnat\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. Nap\u0159. 52 poslanc\u016f za Kalifornii s\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 40 miliony obyvatel m\u00e1 stejnou v\u00e1hu jako 1 poslanec za Alja\u0161ku s\u00a0740\u00a0000 obyvateli. M\u016f\u017ee se st\u00e1t, \u017ee i kdy\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina poslanc\u016f Sn\u011bmovny reprezentant\u016f bude ze strany A, vyhraje kandid\u00e1t strany B, jeliko\u017e bude m\u00edt na sv\u00e9 stran\u011b v\u00edce st\u00e1t\u016f, by\u0165 mal\u00fdch. David poraz\u00ed Goli\u00e1\u0161e. Volba viceprezidenta je jednodu\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee v\u00a0Sen\u00e1tu m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd st\u00e1t dva sen\u00e1tory. Ti hlasuj\u00ed sami za sebe a m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee dva sen\u00e1to\u0159i ze stejn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, ale za r\u016fzn\u00e9 strany daj\u00ed hlas rozd\u00edln\u00fdm kandid\u00e1t\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>Vznik t\u0159et\u00ed strany m\u016f\u017ee vy\u0159adit z politick\u00e9 hry prezidentsk\u00e9 volitele a pos\u00edlit Kongres. Americk\u00fd parlament pak bude volit prezidenta, by\u0165 jde o prezidentsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Prezidentsk\u00e1 \u010di parlamentn\u00ed forma vl\u00e1dy nez\u00e1vis\u00ed na zp\u016fsobu volby, ale na tom, zda hlava st\u00e1tu \u0161\u00e9fuje v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 moci. M\u016f\u017ee to v\u0161ak v\u00e9st ke krizi federalismu v USA, proto\u017ee velk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty by t\u011b\u017ece nesly, \u017ee jejich velk\u00fd po\u010det obyvatel fakticky nehraje \u017e\u00e1dnou roli p\u0159i volb\u011b prezidenta v Kongresu, proto\u017ee mal\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f s jedn\u00edm poslancem je 6, se dv\u011bma 7, se t\u0159emi 2, se \u010dty\u0159mi 6, s p\u011bti 2 a s \u0161esti 3. Tedy v\u011bt\u0161inu 26 st\u00e1t\u016f mohou m\u00edt st\u00e1ty s pouh\u00fdmi 78 poslanci z celkov\u00fdch 435, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 po\u010dtu obyvatel. Mal\u00e1 men\u0161ina reprezentuj\u00edc\u00ed 18 % obyvatel USA by mohla zvolit prezidenta USA, proti v\u016fli v\u011bt\u0161iny. Ov\u0161em nechalo by si to 82 % l\u00edbit?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<footer class=\"entry-footer\">\n<div class=\"tags-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/web.litterate.cz\/muskova-nova-strana-zvoli-prezidenta-usa-parlament\/\">Zden\u011bk Koudelka<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6154\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/zdenek-koudelka.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"280\" height=\"210\" \/><\/div>\n<div>\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-86134 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/volby10-212x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"745\" height=\"1054\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/volby10-212x300.png 212w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/volby10-724x1024.png 724w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/volby10-768x1086.png 768w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/volby10-1087x1536.png 1087w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/volby10-1449x2048.png 1449w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/volby10-1024x1447.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 745px) 100vw, 745px\" \/><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/footer>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Elon Musk cht\u011bl v roce 2025 novou politickou stranou v\u00a0USA s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem Amerika naru\u0161it monopol Republik\u00e1nsk\u00e9&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":66435,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1503,165,9687,27],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86319"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=86319"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86319\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66435"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=86319"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=86319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}