{"id":85410,"date":"2025-08-13T00:12:01","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T22:12:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=85410"},"modified":"2025-08-12T15:13:58","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T13:13:58","slug":"narust-rakoviny-u-mladych-lidi-znepokojive-udaje-o-kolorektalnim-karcinomu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/08\/13\/narust-rakoviny-u-mladych-lidi-znepokojive-udaje-o-kolorektalnim-karcinomu\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1r\u016fst rakoviny u mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed: Znepokojiv\u00e9 \u00fadaje o kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00edm karcinomu"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><span>V posledn\u00edch letech se objevil alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed trend: po\u010det p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00edho karcinomu u mlad\u0161\u00edch dosp\u011bl\u00fdch ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech prudce roste. Nov\u00e1 data ned\u00e1vno publikovan\u00e1 v\u00a0<\/span><em><span>\u010dasopise Journal of the American Medical Association<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0(JAMA) tento n\u00e1r\u016fst potvrzuj\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na u osob ve v\u011bku 45 a\u017e 49 let. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek zd\u016fraz\u0148uje aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed poznatky a mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny tohoto znepokojiv\u00e9ho jevu.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Potvrzen n\u00e1r\u016fst v\u00fdskytu rakoviny u mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wDg_8Jl0418?feature=oembed\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span>Rostouc\u00ed v\u00fdskyt rakoviny tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>Po stabiln\u00edm 15let\u00e9m obdob\u00ed bez v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch zm\u011bn vykazuje incidence lok\u00e1ln\u00edho kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00edho karcinomu u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch ve v\u011bku 45 a\u017e 49 let v\u00fdznamn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst. Mezi lety 2019 a 2022 se po\u010det nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f v t\u00e9to v\u011bkov\u00e9 skupin\u011b zvy\u0161oval o 12 % ro\u010dn\u011b, oproti pouh\u00e9mu 1 % ro\u010dn\u011b v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch letech. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b se incidence zv\u00fd\u0161ila z 9,4 na 100 000 osob v roce 2019 na 11,7 na 100 000 osob v roce 2021 a d\u00e1le na 17,5 na 100 000 osob v roce 2022 \u2013 co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje relativn\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst o 50 % mezi lety 2021 a 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Data z\u00a0<\/span><em><span>Aliance pro kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00ed rakovinu<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0v USA podtrhuj\u00ed nal\u00e9havost situace: v roce 2024 se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 152 810 nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00edho karcinomu, v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 106 000 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f rakoviny tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva a v\u00edce ne\u017e 46 000 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f rakoviny kone\u010dn\u00edku. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed je, \u017ee kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00ed karcinom je nyn\u00ed hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed na rakovinu u mu\u017e\u016f mlad\u0161\u00edch 50 let a druhou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed u \u017een mlad\u0161\u00edch 50 let. V roce 2024 se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 celkem p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 53 000 \u00famrt\u00ed na kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00ed karcinom, oproti 52 000 v roce 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span>V\u010dasn\u00e1 detekce a screening<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>Jedn\u00edm z mo\u017en\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho po\u010dtu diagn\u00f3z je sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00e9ho v\u011bku pro screening v USA z 50 na 45 let, kter\u00e9 bylo zavedeno v roce 2021. To vede k tomu, \u017ee v\u00edce p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f je odhaleno v ran\u00e9 f\u00e1zi, ne\u017e rakovina metast\u00e1zuje. Podle organizace JAMA by n\u00e1r\u016fst mohl b\u00fdt \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zp\u016fsoben touto zlep\u0161enou v\u010dasnou detekc\u00ed. Ot\u00e1zkou v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, zda se skute\u010dn\u011b vyskytuje v\u00edce p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, nebo zda se jednodu\u0161e jedn\u00e1 o v\u00edce diagn\u00f3z. N\u00e1hl\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst incidence v letech 2021 a 2022 nazna\u010duje, \u017ee by mohly hr\u00e1t roli i jin\u00e9 faktory ne\u017e zlep\u0161en\u00fd screening.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span>Mo\u017en\u00e9 rizikov\u00e9 faktory<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>A\u010dkoli studie JAMA neidentifikuje konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny n\u00e1r\u016fstu, existuje n\u011bkolik zn\u00e1m\u00fdch rizikov\u00fdch faktor\u016f pro kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00ed karcinom. Podle organizace\u00a0<\/span><em><span>Cancer Research UK<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0k jeho rozvoji p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed faktory:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>Strava<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0: Konzumace zpracovan\u00e9ho masa v\u00fdznamn\u011b zvy\u0161uje riziko, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed je s n\u00edm spojeno 13 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. Jako rizikov\u00fd faktor je uv\u00e1d\u011bno i \u010derven\u00e9 maso.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Obezita<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0: 11 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed je spojeno s nadv\u00e1hou nebo obezitou.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Nedostatek pohybu<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0: Fyzick\u00e1 aktivita m\u016f\u017ee toto riziko sn\u00ed\u017eit.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Kou\u0159en\u00ed a alkohol<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0: Konzumace tab\u00e1ku je zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za 7 % a alkohol za 6 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>V\u011bk a genetick\u00e1 predispozice<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0: Riziko se zvy\u0161uje s v\u011bkem a pravd\u011bpodobnost zvy\u0161uj\u00ed i genetick\u00e9 faktory, jako je Lynch\u016fv syndrom.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 studie s daty ze 17 zem\u00ed ukazuje, \u017ee vysok\u00e9 hladiny vitaminu D jsou spojeny s 25% ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm rizikem kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00edho karcinomu. Lid\u00e9 s n\u00edzkou hladinou vitaminu D maj\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span>Varovn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly a prevence<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>V\u010dasn\u00e9 varovn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky rakoviny tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva by nem\u011bly b\u00fdt ignorov\u00e1ny, zejm\u00e9na u mlad\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed, u kter\u00fdch je rakovina \u010dasto diagnostikov\u00e1na v pokro\u010dil\u00fdch st\u00e1di\u00edch. Mezi p\u0159\u00edznaky pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Krev ve stolici nebo kone\u010dn\u00edku<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Zm\u011bny ve vyprazd\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed (nap\u0159. pocit ne\u00fapln\u00e9ho vypr\u00e1zdn\u011bn\u00ed st\u0159ev)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Bolest v b\u0159i\u0161e nebo v oblasti kone\u010dn\u00edku<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Nevysv\u011btliteln\u00e1 an\u00e9mie, \u00fabytek hmotnosti nebo hmatateln\u00e9 masy<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>Pravideln\u00e9 screeningov\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, jako je imunochemick\u00fd test na skryt\u00e9 krv\u00e1cen\u00ed do stolice, je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na u osob ve v\u011bku 45 let a star\u0161\u00edch. Ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed byl v\u011bk pro screening ned\u00e1vno sn\u00ed\u017een na 50 let.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span>Otev\u0159en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky a v\u00fdhled<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>Data poukazuj\u00ed na znepokojiv\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00edho karcinomu u mlad\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed. I kdy\u017e zlep\u0161en\u00fd screening hraje roli, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejasn\u00e9, pro\u010d se incidence tak prudce zv\u00fd\u0161ila. Faktory, jako je strava, \u017eivotn\u00ed styl a genetick\u00e1 predispozice, jsou zn\u00e1my, ale dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 vlivy, jako jsou nov\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 intervence, nejsou ve studi\u00edch zm\u00edn\u011bny. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 b\u00fdt otev\u0159en\u00fd v\u0161em mo\u017en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1m, aby se zlep\u0161ila preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Rostouc\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed pot\u0159ebu v\u011bnovat pozornost varovn\u00fdm sign\u00e1l\u016fm, chodit na pravideln\u00e9 prohl\u00eddky a podporovat zdrav\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl. Je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu, kter\u00fd by objasnil p\u0159esn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny tohoto trendu a zabr\u00e1nil budouc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>Dr. John Campbell<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-85002 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Plakat1-212x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"659\" height=\"933\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Plakat1-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Plakat1-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Plakat1-768x1086.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Plakat1-1086x1536.jpg 1086w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Plakat1-1024x1449.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Plakat1.jpg 1131w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 659px) 100vw, 659px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V posledn\u00edch letech se objevil alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed trend: po\u010det p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00edho karcinomu u mlad\u0161\u00edch dosp\u011bl\u00fdch ve&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":70875,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[630,548,1366],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85410"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=85410"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85410\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/70875"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=85410"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=85410"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=85410"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}