{"id":85314,"date":"2025-08-11T00:20:46","date_gmt":"2025-08-10T22:20:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=85314"},"modified":"2025-08-10T15:29:54","modified_gmt":"2025-08-10T13:29:54","slug":"jak-vedci-objevili-neocekavany-spoustec-jednoho-z-nejbeznejsich-typu-rakoviny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/08\/11\/jak-vedci-objevili-neocekavany-spoustec-jednoho-z-nejbeznejsich-typu-rakoviny\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak v\u011bdci objevili neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd spou\u0161t\u011b\u010d jednoho z nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch typ\u016f rakoviny"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong><span>Po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed bylo ultrafialov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1no za nesporn\u00e9ho hlavn\u00edho vin\u00edka rakoviny k\u016f\u017ee. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed tr\u00e1v\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho na slunci bez ochrany, riskuj\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se po letech projev\u00ed jako zhoubn\u00e9 n\u00e1dory. Nyn\u00ed v\u0161ak l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd objev naru\u0161uje tuto zd\u00e1nliv\u011b jasnou kauzalitu. To vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zku, zda jsme se p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fdch spou\u0161t\u011b\u010d\u016f rakoviny ned\u00edvali p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u00fazce.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/scientists-discover-a-viral-cause-of-one-of-the-worlds-most-common-cancers\"><span>P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh se to\u010d\u00ed<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0kolem\u00a034let\u00e9 \u017eeny z USA, kter\u00e1 trp\u011bla perzistuj\u00edc\u00edm ko\u017en\u00edm dla\u017edicobun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdm karcinomem (cSCC) na \u010dele. I po operaci a imunoterapii n\u00e1dor d\u00e1le rostl \u2013 jako by m\u011bl vlastn\u00ed v\u016fli. To, co l\u00e9ka\u0159i a v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pot\u00e9 objevili v genetick\u00e9m materi\u00e1lu rakovinn\u00fdch bun\u011bk, p\u0159ipom\u00ednalo l\u00e9ka\u0159skou detektivku: Virus, d\u0159\u00edve pova\u017eovan\u00fd za ne\u0161kodn\u00fd, se zavrtal hluboko do DNA n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch bun\u011bk \u2013 a aktivn\u011b \u0159\u00eddil jejich nekontrolovan\u00fd r\u016fst.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Tento virus, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako beta-HPV, byl d\u0159\u00edve pova\u017eov\u00e1n nanejv\u00fd\u0161 za n\u00e1sledn\u00edka, kter\u00fd by mohl zhor\u0161it po\u0161kozen\u00ed UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm. Nyn\u00ed zdokumentovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad v\u0161ak ukazuje, \u017ee za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek se s\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t re\u017eis\u00e9rem progrese onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed slabinou v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byl imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m pacientky. Vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 genetick\u00e1 porucha zabr\u00e1nila jej\u00edm T-bu\u0148k\u00e1m v \u00fatoku na patogen. UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed bylo st\u00e1le ve h\u0159e \u2013 tentokr\u00e1t v\u0161ak jako podp\u016frn\u00fd faktor, zat\u00edmco virus se ujal hlavn\u00ed role.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Pacientka trp\u011bla nejen rakovinou k\u016f\u017ee, ale i dal\u0161\u00edmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi s HPV, jako jsou bradavice na obli\u010deji a v \u00fastech. Teprve kdy\u017e l\u00e9ka\u0159i zjistili p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu, podnikli riskantn\u00ed krok: transplantaci kostn\u00ed d\u0159en\u011b, aby nahradili vadn\u00e9 imunitn\u00ed bu\u0148ky zdrav\u00fdmi. \u00da\u010dinek byl dramatick\u00fd \u2013 v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edznaky souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s HPV zmizely a rakovina se nevr\u00e1tila ani po t\u0159ech letech.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h-narrative-kippen\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span>P\u0159evratn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span>Tento p\u0159\u00edpad je zlomov\u00fdm bodem pro v\u011bdu. Doposud nebylo zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee by se beta-HPV virus pevn\u011b integroval do genetick\u00e9 v\u00fdbavy bun\u011bk \u2013 rozhodn\u011b ne zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd by aktivn\u011b vedl k rakovin\u011b. Nov\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 poznatky vedou ke zcela nov\u00e9mu pohledu na rakovinu k\u016f\u017ee u pacient\u016f s oslabenou imunitou. Nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee by mohlo existovat v\u00edce takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kdy r\u016fst n\u00e1doru nezp\u016fsobuje slunce, ale neviditeln\u00e1 virov\u00e1 infekce.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>To tak\u00e9 vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 nep\u0159\u00edjemnou ot\u00e1zku: Nep\u0159ehl\u00e9dla medic\u00edna ve sv\u00e9 fixaci na UV faktor cel\u00e9 skupiny vysoce rizikov\u00fdch pacient\u016f? P\u0159\u00edpad pacienta z USA nazna\u010duje, \u017ee c\u00edlen\u00e9 imunologick\u00e1 terapie \u2013 sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e generick\u00e9 standardn\u00ed postupy \u2013 by u t\u011bchto pacient\u016f mohla b\u00fdt v\u00fdrazn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Studie publikovan\u00e1 pod n\u00e1zvem \u201e\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.md\/FsRxw\"><span>\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed dla\u017edicobun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho karcinomu obnoven\u00edm signalizace T-bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch receptor\u016f<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u201c v \u010dasopise New England Journal of Medicine je v\u00edce ne\u017e jen kazuistikou. Je varovn\u00fdm sign\u00e1lem, proto\u017ee ukazuje, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny rakoviny mohou b\u00fdt skryty za l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdmi dogmaty, a p\u0159\u00edslibem, proto\u017ee dokazuje, \u017ee i agresivn\u00ed n\u00e1dory lze porazit, pokud je identifikov\u00e1n skute\u010dn\u00fd nep\u0159\u00edtel.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Tento objev p\u0159evrac\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed narativ o rakovin\u011b k\u016f\u017ee vzh\u016fru nohama. Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee tato zm\u011bna perspektivy zachr\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivoty mnoha pacient\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-85002 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Plakat1-212x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"590\" height=\"835\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Plakat1-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Plakat1-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Plakat1-768x1086.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Plakat1-1086x1536.jpg 1086w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Plakat1-1024x1449.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Plakat1.jpg 1131w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed bylo ultrafialov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1no za nesporn\u00e9ho hlavn\u00edho vin\u00edka rakoviny k\u016f\u017ee. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":85315,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[895,1366,1561],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85314"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=85314"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85314\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/85315"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=85314"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=85314"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=85314"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}