{"id":84976,"date":"2025-08-05T06:13:03","date_gmt":"2025-08-05T04:13:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=84976"},"modified":"2025-08-05T06:13:03","modified_gmt":"2025-08-05T04:13:03","slug":"od-bolsonara-k-brics-o-co-ve-skutecnosti-jde-v-trumpovych-clech-na-brazilii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/08\/05\/od-bolsonara-k-brics-o-co-ve-skutecnosti-jde-v-trumpovych-clech-na-brazilii\/","title":{"rendered":"Od Bolsonara k BRICS: o co ve skute\u010dnosti jde v Trumpov\u00fdch clech na Braz\u00edlii"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Trumpovo 50% clo na Braz\u00edlii, formulovan\u00e9 jako podpora Bolsonara, by ve skute\u010dnosti mohlo b\u00fdt c\u00edlem prohlubuj\u00edc\u00edch se vazeb Braz\u00edlie s \u010c\u00ednou a blokem BRICS. Tento krok riskuje vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed obchodn\u00ed v\u00e1lky, po\u0161kozen\u00ed z\u00e1jm\u016f USA a urychlen\u00ed poklesu americk\u00e9ho vlivu v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V \u010dervenci 2025 prezident Donald Trump uvalil na Braz\u00edlii bezprecedentn\u00ed 50% clo na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd dovoz. Tento krok ot\u0159\u00e1sl glob\u00e1ln\u00edmi trhy a vzbudil pochybnosti v cel\u00e9 Latinsk\u00e9 Americe. Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed poukazuje na brazilsk\u00e9 soudn\u00ed st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed b\u00fdval\u00e9ho prezidenta Jaira Bolsonara, Trumpova spojence obvin\u011bn\u00e9ho z pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed pu\u010de proti prezidentu Luizu In\u00e1cio Lula da Silvovi v roce 2023. Jde ale skute\u010dn\u011b o Bolsonar\u016fv t\u00ed\u017eiv\u00fd osud, nebo sp\u00ed\u0161e o \u00fatok na prohlubuj\u00edc\u00ed se vazby Braz\u00edlie s \u010c\u00ednou a alianc\u00ed BRICS?<\/span><\/p>\n

Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee cla se net\u00fdkaj\u00ed ani tak osobn\u00ed loajality (ve vztahu k Trumpovi a Bolsonarovi), jako sp\u00ed\u0161e neo-Monroeovy doktr\u00edny, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem je omezit geopolitick\u00e9 ambice Braz\u00edlie \u2013 zejm\u00e9na jej\u00ed role v Nov\u00e9 rozvojov\u00e9 bance BRICS (NDB), veden\u00e9 Lulov\u00fdm bl\u00edzk\u00fdm spojencem, b\u00fdvalou prezidentkou Dilmou Rousseffovou. A\u0165 je to jakkoli, d\u016fsledky v\u0161ak hroz\u00ed destabilizac\u00ed jak Braz\u00edlie, tak samotn\u00fdch USA, s dominov\u00fdm dopadem na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed obchod a region\u00e1ln\u00ed stabilitu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Brazilsk\u00e1 politick\u00e1 sc\u00e9na z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 sudem s prachem, kde krajn\u011b pravicov\u00e1 frakce, povzbuzen\u00e1 radik\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi Bolsonarov\u00fdmi stoupenci, p\u0159edstavuje hmatatelnou, ale \u010dasto p\u0159ehnanou hrozbu. V prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je pravda, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>zat\u010den\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0p\u011bti vojensk\u00fdch d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f v listopadu 2024, v\u010detn\u011b brig\u00e1dn\u00edho gener\u00e1la ve v\u00fdslu\u017eb\u011b, za \u00fadajn\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed (nebo projedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00e9ho sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e) atent\u00e1tu na Lulu, viceprezidenta Geralda Alckmina a soudce Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu Alexandre de Moraese, odhalilo dostate\u010dn\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd skryt\u00fd proud.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tito spiklenci, napojen\u00ed na Bolsonara, \u00fadajn\u011b zva\u017eovali drastick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed k zvr\u00e1cen\u00ed Lulova v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed ve volb\u00e1ch v roce 2022, co\u017e Bolsonaro ve\u0159ejn\u011b zpochybnil. P\u0159esto si lze p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee \u00fatok na brazilsk\u00fd Kongres 8. ledna 2023, kdy Bolsonarovi p\u0159\u00edznivci \u2013 v\u011bt\u0161inou\u00a0<\/span>star\u0161\u00ed d\u016fchodci,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/a>kte\u0159\u00ed se pustili do vandalismu sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e do ozbrojen\u00e9 vzpoury \u2013 nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu hnut\u00ed jednodu\u0161e chyb\u00ed s\u00edla k proveden\u00ed tot\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159evratu.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli Bolsonaro nebo jeho bl\u00edzc\u00ed spolupracovn\u00edci mohli zva\u017eovat takov\u00e1 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, aby se udr\u017eeli u moci, nebyly vyd\u00e1ny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed rozkazy, co\u017e by nazna\u010dovalo bu\u010f nerozhodnost, nebo strategick\u00fd \u00fastup. Hrozba krajn\u00ed pravice, a\u010dkoli je re\u00e1ln\u00e1, je \u010dasto zveli\u010dov\u00e1na, aby se Bolsonarova z\u00e1kladna vykreslila jako monolitick\u00e1 teroristick\u00e1 s\u00edla, zat\u00edmco mnoz\u00ed z nich jsou pouze radikalizovan\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 a rozzloben\u00ed d\u016fchodci, kte\u0159\u00ed si projevuj\u00ed frustraci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee se soudce Alexandre de Moraes stal v tomto polarizovan\u00e9m dramatu hromosvodem. Jeho role jak jako ter\u010de \u00fadajn\u00e9ho p\u0159evratu, tak jako soudce dohl\u00ed\u017eej\u00edc\u00edho na jeho\u00a0<\/span>vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 do o\u010d\u00ed bij\u00edc\u00ed etick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky. Moraesova historie zahrnuje z\u00e1kaz X (d\u0159\u00edve Twitter) v Braz\u00edlii uprost\u0159ed sporu s Elonem Muskem, odsouzen\u00ed protestuj\u00edc\u00edch z 8. ledna jako \u201eterorist\u016f\u201c podle kontroverzn\u00ed nov\u00e9 definice a\u00a0<\/span>z\u00e1kaz<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Bolsonarovi kandidovat na \u00fa\u0159ad do roku 2030 za m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 obvin\u011bn\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch kontroverzn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

To nazna\u010duje kvazidikt\u00e1torsk\u00e9 p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed pravomoc\u00ed. Jeho\u00a0<\/span>tvrd\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0taktiky, jako je povolov\u00e1n\u00ed zat\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy byl s\u00e1m potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed ob\u011bt\u00ed, vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u201esoudn\u00ed diktatury\u201c, a t\u00edm podporuj\u00ed velmi pravicov\u00fd radikalismus, kter\u00fd se sna\u017e\u00ed potla\u010dit. Tento cyklus repres\u00ed a reakc\u00ed ohro\u017euje k\u0159ehk\u00fd demokratick\u00fd cyklus Braz\u00edlie, star\u00fd sotva \u010dty\u0159i desetilet\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, jak jsem\u00a0<\/span>poznamenal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024, Moraes\u016fv spor s Muskem ji\u017e napjal vztahy mezi USA a Braz\u00edli\u00ed, vzhledem k \u00fact\u011b Washingtonu k velk\u00fdm technologick\u00fdm oligarch\u016fm, jako je s\u00e1m Musk (a to\u00a0<\/span>dodnes<\/span><\/a>\u00a0). Trumpova cla podle v\u0161eho nejsou ani tak d\u016fsledkem Moraesov\u00fdch exces\u016f, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e geopolitick\u00fdch her.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 si vzpomeneme, \u017ee USA za b\u00fdval\u00e9ho prezidenta Joea Bidena sehr\u00e1ly kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v\u00a0<\/span>zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Lulova n\u00e1stupu do \u00fa\u0159adu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0bez v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f po nepokoj\u00edch 8. ledna, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e diplomatick\u00fd tlak a spolupr\u00e1ce zpravodajsk\u00fdch slu\u017eeb odrazovaly od jak\u00e9koli eskalace. To, jak se dalo o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017eiv\u00ed dojem Bolsonarov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edznivc\u016f, \u017ee Lula n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem \u201eukradl\u201c volby. Nyn\u00ed, kdy\u017e je Trump zp\u011bt u moci, se kyvadlo vych\u00fdl\u00ed ve prosp\u011bch Bolsonara, jeho\u017e rodina m\u00e1 s b\u00fdval\u00fdm prezidentem osobn\u00ed vztah.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cla ozn\u00e1men\u00e1 v \u010dervenci 2025 v\u0161ak nejsou pouhou laskavost\u00ed spojenci. Neodr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed ani hlubok\u00e9 znepokojen\u00ed ohledn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e9 brazilsk\u00e9 demokracie. Jak jsem argumentoval v kv\u011btnu 2025, Trumpova neo-Monroeova doktr\u00edna\u00a0<\/span>se zam\u011b\u0159uje na<\/span><\/a>\u00a0latinskoamerick\u00e9 zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed k \u010c\u00edn\u011b, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e hlavn\u00edm dr\u00e1\u017ediv\u00fdm faktorem je brazilsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed v NDB BRICS \u2013 tich\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>v\u00fdzva<\/span><\/a>\u00a0pro finan\u010dn\u00ed hegemonii USA. Jen v roce 2024 Braz\u00edlie vyvezla do \u010c\u00edny zbo\u017e\u00ed v hodnot\u011b\u00a0p\u0159es\u00a0<\/span>90 miliard dolar\u016f \u2013\u00a0<\/span><\/a>mnohem v\u00edce<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ne\u017e do USA \u2013 a vyk\u00e1zala s \u010c\u00ednou zna\u010dn\u00fd obchodn\u00ed p\u0159ebytek ve v\u00fd\u0161i zhruba\u00a0<\/span>30\u201331 miliard dolar\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trumpova cla jsou tedy pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b klasickou taktikou \u201e\u00a0<\/span>\u0161\u00edlence<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c. Americk\u00fd v\u016fdce \u010dasto blafuje a \u0161ikanuje, aby vynutil \u00fastupky, jak jsem ji\u017e\u00a0<\/span>poznamenal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v souvislosti s jeho \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1lkou proti takzvan\u00e9mu \u201ehlubok\u00e9mu st\u00e1tu\u201c. Zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm se na brazilsk\u00fd zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd a ocel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd sektor se Trump sna\u017e\u00ed donutit Lulu, aby se distancoval od BRICS a \u010c\u00edny. Lula, ost\u0159\u00edlen\u00fd politick\u00fd p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed, v\u0161ak v t\u00e9to riskantn\u00ed h\u0159e o \u201ez\u00e1chranu tv\u00e1\u0159e\u201c neprojevuje ochotu se v t\u00e9to h\u0159e s vysok\u00fdmi s\u00e1zkami podvolit a dosud odm\u00edt\u00e1 kompromisy, pokud jde o slad\u011bn\u00ed s BRICS nebo\u00a0<\/span>dedolarizaci<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tot\u00e9\u017e lze \u0159\u00edci o soudci Moraesovi: Bolsonarovo odsouzen\u00ed se nyn\u00ed zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt je\u0161t\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Nav\u00edc by brazilsk\u00e1 reakce \u2013 potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>odvetn\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0cla na americk\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed, jako jsou stroje, hnojiva a l\u00e9\u010diva \u2013 mohla ve skute\u010dnosti p\u0159er\u016fst v \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed obchodn\u00ed v\u00e1lku. Tato patov\u00e1 situace v jist\u00e9m smyslu p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 Trumpovy chybn\u00e9 kroky s\u00a0<\/span>Mexikem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kde podobn\u00e9 celn\u00ed hrozby vyvolaly region\u00e1ln\u00ed odpor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Americk\u00e1 cla nav\u00edc ve skute\u010dnosti po\u0161kodila rodinu Bolsonarov\u00fdch, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou nyn\u00ed z pochopiteln\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f obvi\u0148ov\u00e1ni ze \u201e\u00a0<\/span>zr\u00e1dn\u00e9ho<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c chov\u00e1n\u00ed; a nav\u00edc takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed riskuj\u00ed, \u017ee se obr\u00e1t\u00ed proti samotn\u00fdm USA: tla\u010d\u00ed Braz\u00edlii bl\u00ed\u017ee k \u010c\u00edn\u011b a zem\u00edm BRICS, po\u0161kozuj\u00ed americk\u00e9 farm\u00e1\u0159e a v\u00fdrobce a mohou p\u0159i\u017eivit protiamerick\u00fd blok na glob\u00e1ln\u00edm Jihu.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli Trump evidentn\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 politizuje americkou obchodn\u00ed politiku v\u016f\u010di Braz\u00edlii, jeho postoj v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nen\u00ed definitivn\u00ed. Ve skute\u010dnosti ned\u00e1vno zm\u011bnil kurz \u2013 zm\u00edrnil\u00a0<\/span>omezen\u00ed pro Chevron ve Venezuele<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jen n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po jejich zaveden\u00ed \u2013 tak\u017ee pragmatick\u00fd posun je st\u00e1le docela mo\u017en\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, Trumpova cla jsou mocenskou hrou, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem je \u201e\u0161ikanovat\u201c Braz\u00edlii s vyu\u017eit\u00edm Bolsonara jako z\u00e1stupce a Moraesova p\u0159esahu soudn\u00edch pravomoc\u00ed jako z\u00e1minky. Status Braz\u00edlie jako nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed latinskoamerick\u00e9 ekonomiky, jej\u00ed roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed se vazby s \u010c\u00ednou a jej\u00ed veden\u00ed v bance BRICS ji postavily do hled\u00e1\u010dku Trumpovy neo-monroeistick\u00e9 doktr\u00edny. Tento man\u00e9vr v\u0161ak riskuje dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u00fader, odcizen\u00ed v zahrani\u010d\u00ed a erozi vlivu USA na jej\u00edm vlastn\u00edm \u201edvorku\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD<\/a>. v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trumpovo 50% clo na Braz\u00edlii, formulovan\u00e9 jako podpora Bolsonara, by ve skute\u010dnosti mohlo b\u00fdt c\u00edlem…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":84977,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,288,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84976"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=84976"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84976\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/84977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=84976"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=84976"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=84976"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}