{"id":84909,"date":"2025-08-04T00:19:52","date_gmt":"2025-08-03T22:19:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=84909"},"modified":"2025-08-03T17:35:09","modified_gmt":"2025-08-03T15:35:09","slug":"zbynek-fiala-za-co-proboha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/08\/04\/zbynek-fiala-za-co-proboha\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbyn\u011bk Fiala: Za co, proboha?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

P\u0159edstavy americk\u00e9ho prezidenta Donalda Trumpa o spravedliv\u00e9m obchod\u011b se trochu li\u0161\u00ed od t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 zn\u00e1me z ekonomick\u00fdch u\u010debnic. Ale nejen mapy, jak upozornil \u0160vejk, i u\u010debnice se mnohou m\u00fdlit. Podle americk\u00e9ho prezidenta jeho jednostrann\u00e1 cla jen vyrovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b.<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00a0po\u010d\u00e1tkem srpna p\u0159i\u0161la nejen krotk\u00e1 tsunami z\u00a0Kuril, ale mnohem drsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlna americk\u00fdch recipro\u010dn\u00edch cel, kter\u00fdmi Trump osolil i bl\u00edzk\u00e9 spojence. Kde se vzalo t\u011bch 15 procent, kter\u00e9 se budou vyb\u00edrat od EU, zat\u00edmco USA si v\u00a0Evrop\u011b prosadily nulu?<\/p>\n

Trumpem ot\u0159\u00e1sl obchodn\u00ed schodek s\u00a0EU ve v\u00fd\u0161i 200 miliard eur. Zhodnotil to, \u017ee je to b\u00edd\u00e1ctv\u00ed od EU, kdy\u017e v\u00a0USA prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00edc ne\u017e my u nich. Bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed z\u016fstal obchodn\u00ed p\u0159ebytek USA ve slu\u017eb\u00e1ch za 150 miliard euro, ke kter\u00e9mu lze p\u0159i\u010d\u00edst fakt, \u017ee jde hlavn\u011b o finan\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby a licence, kter\u00fdmi n\u00e1s Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty doj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e v\u0161ak na ja\u0159e Trump mluvil o nef\u00e9rov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupu EU, zd\u016fraznil je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho. Pouk\u00e1zal na da\u0148 z\u00a0p\u0159idan\u00e9 hodnoty, kterou mus\u00ed americk\u00fd v\u00fdvozce v\u00a0EU zaplatit, zat\u00edmco evropsk\u00fd v\u00fdvozce do Ameriky je j\u00ed zbaven, vr\u00e1t\u00ed se mu. Tak\u017ee Evropan v\u00a0Americe prod\u00e1v\u00e1 jen za sv\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed n\u00e1klady, ale Ameri\u010dan v\u00a0Evrop\u011b ne. To \u017ee nen\u00ed p\u0159evle\u010den\u00e9 clo?<\/p>\n

T\u0159eba \u010cesko m\u00e1 DPH ve v\u00fd\u0161i 21 procent (ale potraviny za 10 %), a Ma\u010farsko dokonce 27 procent (ale potraviny za 5 %). Jak jim m\u016f\u017ee Trumpovo recipro\u010dn\u00ed clo ve v\u00fd\u0161i 15 procent vadit? A pro\u010d by se m\u011blo je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco p\u0159id\u00e1vat k\u00a0t\u00e9 americk\u00e9 nule, ze kter\u00e9 to po zaplacen\u00ed DPH evropsk\u00fdm vl\u00e1d\u00e1m vysko\u010d\u00ed na srovnatelnou \u00farove\u0148?<\/p>\n

Jen\u017ee ani v\u00a0USA se neprod\u00e1v\u00e1 zadarmo. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nemaj\u00ed DPH (VAT<\/em>), ale prodejn\u00ed da\u0148. Prodejn\u00ed dan\u011b se nevyb\u00edraj\u00ed na feder\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni, ale na \u00farovni jednotliv\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f USA a n\u00ed\u017ee, v\u00fdb\u011brn\u00edch m\u00edst jsou tis\u00edce. St\u00e1tn\u00ed a m\u00edstn\u00ed dan\u011b se mohou kombinovat, na druhou stranu, spousta zbo\u017e\u00ed je od dan\u011b osvobozena (nebo zat\u00ed\u017eena nulovou sazbou). Sledovat to lze na webu Sales Tax Institute.<\/p>\n

T\u0159eba v\u00a0Kalifornii m\u00e1me z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sazbu 7,5 procenta (sou\u010det st\u00e1tn\u00ed 6,0 a okresn\u00edch 1,5 procenta) plus dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed dan\u011b od nuly do 9,5 procenta. Evropsk\u00fd v\u00fdvozce tam vyfasuje zhruba stejnou fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, jako kdyby se prod\u00e1valo doma.<\/p>\n

Texas je levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ke st\u00e1tn\u00ed dani 6,5 procenta se m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ilepit je\u0161t\u011b do 2 procenta m\u00edstn\u00ed prodejn\u00ed dan\u011b, ale pokud prodejce nen\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed, p\u0159iplat\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b 1,75 procenta. Sv\u00e1d\u00ed to k \u00favaze, \u017ee se z\u00a0toho hradilo st\u0159elivo a poh\u0159ebn\u00e9 za standardn\u00ed zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s \u201ecizinci\u201c. Ale ve skute\u010dnosti nejde o tak \u0161patn\u00fd n\u00e1pad, obec m\u00e1 taky n\u011bjak\u00e9 n\u00e1klady s\u00a0podm\u00ednkami pro obchod a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ve st\u00e1t\u011b New York m\u016f\u017eete skon\u010dit na 4 procentech, proto\u017ee mo\u017enosti vyu\u017e\u00edt dal\u0161\u00edch a\u017e 5 procent m\u00edstn\u00ed prodejn\u00ed dan\u011b n\u011bkter\u00e9 jurisdikce nevyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.salestaxinstitute.com\/resources\/rates<\/a><\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee Trump, kdy\u017e vid\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed evropskou DPH ne\u017e americkou prodejn\u00ed da\u0148, vid\u00ed jasn\u011b, jak ho okr\u00e1d\u00e1me, a nev\u00e1h\u00e1 n\u00e1m to vr\u00e1tit. Evrop\u0161t\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00ed experti se proh\u00fdbaj\u00ed sm\u00edchy, nejhez\u010d\u00ed posm\u011b\u0161ek zn\u011bl, \u017ee to je \u201enesmysl na kole\u010dk\u00e1ch\u201c, jak mot\u00e1 nesourod\u00e9 v\u011bci tam a zp\u00e1tky. Co m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edho ne\u017e DPH, kter\u00e1 na stejn\u00e9m trhu osol\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho stejn\u011b, a\u0165 cizince nebo na\u0161ince!<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0hlediska rovnosti tr\u017en\u00edch podm\u00ednek maj\u00ed experti pravdu, ta je v\u0161ak m\u00e1lo zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 z\u00a0pohledu druh\u00e9ho Trumpova c\u00edle, dokonce v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho, ne\u017e tu evropskou a jinou bandu obrat o pen\u00edze. Chce, aby se v\u00a0Americe v\u00edc vyr\u00e1b\u011blo. A z\u00a0tohoto pohledu maj\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 dovozy do USA v\u00fdhodu, kdy\u017e jsou fakticky dotovan\u00e9 vratkou DPH, zat\u00edmco americk\u00fd v\u00fdvozce je znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn, kdy\u017e mus\u00ed tuto da\u0148 na evropsk\u00e9m trhu platit.<\/p>\n

Tolik tedy k\u00a0ot\u00e1zce, za co jsme vyfasovali tu 15 procentn\u00ed pokutu za v\u00fdvoz do USA.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e bude americk\u00fd trh pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdvozce m\u00e9n\u011b atraktivn\u00ed, vytvo\u0159\u00ed se pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159, ve kter\u00e9m m\u00e1 dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroba v\u00edc \u0161anc\u00ed. Ale to nen\u00ed n\u011bco, co na co p\u0159i\u0161el a\u017e Trump. To platilo v\u017edycky.<\/p>\n

Jinou v\u011bc\u00ed je, \u017ee s\u00a0poklesem z\u00e1jmu o americk\u00fd trh poklesne z\u00e1jem o americk\u00fd dolar. To u\u017e je ale jin\u00e1 p\u00edse\u0148.<\/p>\n

Zbyn\u011bk Fiala<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159edstavy americk\u00e9ho prezidenta Donalda Trumpa o spravedliv\u00e9m obchod\u011b se trochu li\u0161\u00ed od t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 zn\u00e1me…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":75591,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,59,350,452],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84909"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=84909"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84909\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/75591"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=84909"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=84909"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=84909"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}