{"id":84747,"date":"2025-08-01T00:27:23","date_gmt":"2025-07-31T22:27:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=84747"},"modified":"2025-07-31T18:22:00","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T16:22:00","slug":"trumpuv-obrat-k-venezuele-proc-se-chevron-vraci-do-caracasu-navzdory-neo-monroismu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/08\/01\/trumpuv-obrat-k-venezuele-proc-se-chevron-vraci-do-caracasu-navzdory-neo-monroismu\/","title":{"rendered":"Trump\u016fv obrat k Venezuele: pro\u010d se Chevron vrac\u00ed do Caracasu navzdory neo-monroismu"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

N\u00e1vrat Chevronu do Venezuely za Trumpova n\u00e1stupu p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdrazn\u00fd obrat v politice: jde jen o inflaci, ceny ropy a rivalitu USA s \u010c\u00ednou. Tento krok p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed uprost\u0159ed rostouc\u00edch dom\u00e1c\u00edch tlak\u016f a geopolitick\u00fdch man\u00e9vr\u016f. Postoj Washingtonu v\u016f\u010di Caracasu se nyn\u00ed jev\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ideologick\u00fd \u2013 a pragmati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, i kdy\u017e postr\u00e1d\u00e1 jasnou strategii.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trumpova administrativa pon\u011bkud p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b (a m\u00e1lo informovala) zm\u011bnila situaci a\u00a0<\/span>povolila<\/span><\/a>\u00a0spole\u010dnosti Chevron obnovit ropn\u00e9 operace ve Venezuele, ud\u011blila j\u00ed \u0161estim\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed licenci na t\u011b\u017ebu a v\u00fdvoz ropy do Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. K tomu do\u0161lo jen n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f pot\u00e9, co Trump v \u00fanoru\u00a0<\/span>odebral<\/span><\/a>\u00a0spole\u010dnosti licenci s odvol\u00e1n\u00edm na volebn\u00ed nesrovnalosti a nespln\u011bn\u00e9 sliby ohledn\u011b repatriace migrant\u016f. Toto rozhodnut\u00ed tak p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd posun v tradi\u010dn\u011b nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9m postoji Washingtonu v\u016f\u010di Caracasu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vztahy mezi USA a Venezuelou jsou skute\u010dn\u011b dlouhodob\u011b definov\u00e1ny sankcemi, diplomatick\u00fdmi patov\u00fdmi situacemi a ideologick\u00fdmi konfrontacemi. Trumpovo prvn\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed bylo sv\u011bdkem uzn\u00e1n\u00ed opozi\u010dn\u00edho v\u016fdce Juana Guaid\u00f3a a kampan\u011b \u201emaxim\u00e1ln\u00edho tlaku\u201c, kter\u00e1 do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry efektivn\u011b u\u0161krtila venezuelskou produkci ropy. Bidenovo mezivl\u00e1d\u00ed doposud nab\u00edzelo pouze do\u010dasn\u00fd oddech a Trump\u016fv n\u00e1vrat k moci p\u0159inesl do Ameriky zp\u011bt neo-monroeistickou r\u00e9toriku \u2013 dopln\u011bnou o hrozby cel (a dokonce i \u201eanexe\u201c) v\u016f\u010di\u00a0<\/span>Mexiku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>Braz\u00edlii<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>Kolumbii<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>Panam\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a, jak si mo\u017en\u00e1 vzpomeneme, i\u00a0<\/span>Kanad\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro\u010d tedy d\u011blat tak\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc \u201ev\u00fdjimku\u201c pro Venezuelu? Pro\u010d je Chevron s po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00edm Washingtonu n\u00e1hle v\u00edt\u00e1n zp\u011bt na bol\u00edvarovsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n

Je t\u0159eba vz\u00edt v \u00favahu ceny ropy a dom\u00e1c\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 imperativy. Jak jsem\u00a0<\/span>poznamenal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, v \u010dervenci 2024 by jak\u00e1koli eskalace \u00edr\u00e1nsko-izraelsk\u00e9ho konfliktu mohla zp\u016fsobit prudk\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst cen plynu, co\u017e by podkopalo Trumpovu ekonomickou d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost a zp\u016fsobilo krach trh\u016f. K t\u00e9to eskalaci dosud nedo\u0161lo \u2013 \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 odveta na americk\u00e9 \u00fadery minul\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc byla zdr\u017eenliv\u00e1 a Tel Aviv po t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 r\u00e1n\u011b \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi raketami k otev\u0159en\u00e9 eskalaci nep\u0159istoupil.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto i bez tot\u00e1ln\u00edho explodov\u00e1n\u00ed na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ropa tlakov\u00fdm bodem. Po \u00fanorov\u00e9m odebr\u00e1n\u00ed licence spole\u010dnosti Chevron\u00a0<\/span>vzrostly<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ceny ropy o t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159\u00a0<\/span>2 %<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Inflace se nad\u00e1le dr\u017e\u00ed nad c\u00edlovou hodnotou a jak\u00e1koli \u00faleva pro americk\u00e9 spot\u0159ebitele a pro \u201eMAGA\u201c \u2013 zejm\u00e9na p\u0159ed volbami v polovin\u011b roku 2026 \u2013 je velmi v\u00edt\u00e1na.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ji\u017e jinde jsem\u00a0<\/span>si v\u0161iml<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, jak moc se sou\u010dasn\u00fd americk\u00fd prezident zab\u00fdv\u00e1 dom\u00e1c\u00edmi nepokoji a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nyn\u00ed \u010del\u00ed politick\u00e9 krizi uprost\u0159ed\u00a0<\/span>skand\u00e1lu s Epsteinem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0; to v\u0161e d\u00e1le prol\u00edn\u00e1 dom\u00e1c\u00ed a zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiku.<\/span><\/p>\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je venezuelsk\u00e1 t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 ropa mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vhodn\u00e1 pro rafinerie na americk\u00e9m pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Mexick\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu. Jen jej\u00ed produkce pro Chevron m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout a\u017e 220 000 barel\u016f denn\u011b \u2013 zhruba\u00a0<\/span>3,5 %<\/span><\/a>\u00a0americk\u00e9ho dovozu. Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee Washington rad\u011bji od\u010derp\u00e1v\u00e1 ropu od zvl\u00e1dnuteln\u00e9ho protivn\u00edka, ne\u017e aby dovolil inflaci naru\u0161it jeho dom\u00e1c\u00ed postaven\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale samotn\u00e9 ceny ropy nevysv\u011btluj\u00ed cel\u00fd obraz. M\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1mou \u2013 a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b strategi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 motivac\u00ed je boj proti \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9mu vlivu. Jak jsem ned\u00e1vno\u00a0<\/span>psal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, Venezuela se stala tich\u00fdm, ale kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm uzlem v energetick\u00e9m p\u00e1su Pekingu. Jak to vyj\u00e1d\u0159il ropn\u00fd analytik Antonio de la Cruz: \u201eNejde o Caracas… jde o Peking.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee do \u010c\u00edny proud\u00ed v r\u00e1mci nepr\u016fhledn\u00fdch smluv v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u016fl milionu barel\u016f ropy denn\u011b, americk\u00e9 sankce se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l bezzub\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi. N\u00e1vrat spole\u010dnosti Chevron je tak chirurgick\u00fdm man\u00e9vrem, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je znovu potvrdit americkou p\u0159\u00edtomnost a zabr\u00e1nit \u010c\u00edn\u011b v \u201emonopolizaci\u201c venezuelsk\u00fdch rezerv \u2013 kter\u00e9, sta\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00edci, pat\u0159\u00ed k nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

To je v souladu s t\u00edm, co\u00a0<\/span>n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u201elano\u201c: obnoven\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce s Venezuelou bez legitimizace Madura, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zachov\u00e1 strategick\u00e1 v\u00fdhoda v Karibiku. V tomto sv\u011btle je Chevron m\u00e9n\u011b ropnou spole\u010dnost\u00ed ne\u017e geopolitick\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ne ka\u017ed\u00fd jist\u011b uv\u011b\u0159\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed o vysok\u00e9 strategii. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pova\u017euj\u00ed toto rozhodnut\u00ed za \u010dist\u00fd vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkt lobbingu a vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed dluh\u016f. Koneckonc\u016f, Chevron utratil jen v roce 2024 za lobbing\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159es 9 milion\u016f dolar\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a st\u00e1le se sna\u017e\u00ed vym\u00e1hat nejm\u00e9n\u011b\u00a0<\/span>1,7 miliardy dolar\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0z nesplacen\u00fdch dluh\u016f Venezuely. S Washingtonem je to v\u017edycky trochu oboj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 licence je strukturov\u00e1na pod n\u00e1zvem \u201e\u00a0<\/span>extern\u00ed kontrola zisku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c \u2013 zd\u00e1nliv\u011b proto, aby \u201eudr\u017eela Madura na uzd\u011b\u201c \u2013 ale kritici tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 jen o ozdobu. Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee politick\u00fd t\u00f3n v Caracasu ud\u00e1v\u00e1 Chevron, nikoli ministerstvo zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sehr\u00e1la roli i diplomatick\u00e1 gesta. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>v\u00fdm\u011bna v\u011bz\u0148\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u2013 deset Ameri\u010dan\u016f za 252 Venezuelan\u016f \u2013 pon\u011bkud zm\u00edrnila bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed. A\u010dkoli se o tomto v\u00fdvoji (kter\u00fd se n\u011bjakou dobu potichu diskutoval) dozv\u011bd\u011blo m\u00e1lo informac\u00ed, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vytvo\u0159il prostor pro ekonomick\u00e9 uvoln\u011bn\u00ed, alespo\u0148 v omezen\u00e9 form\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto se v n\u011bm hojn\u011b vyskytuj\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed rozpory. Zast\u00e1nci tvrd\u00e9 linie, jako je ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Marco Rubio, \u00fadajn\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159ili obavy z op\u011btovn\u00e9ho nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed kontakt\u016f s Madurem, proto\u017ee se ob\u00e1vali, \u017ee jak\u00e1koli dohoda \u2013 bez ohledu na to, jak podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 \u2013 by mohla pos\u00edlit \u201echavismus\u201c. U\u017e jsem d\u0159\u00edve psal o Trumpov\u011b pos\u00edlen\u00e9m\u00a0<\/span>neomonroismu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a jeho zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na Latinskou Ameriku. Administrativa se tak pohybuje na \u00fazk\u00e9 hranici mezi realpolitikou a ideologickou konzistenc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee Trump\u016fv man\u00e9vr s Venezuelou je p\u0159\u00edpadovou studi\u00ed hyperpragmatismu. Odhaluje zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiku, kter\u00e1 se \u010dasto \u0159\u00edd\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00edmi kalkulacemi n\u00e1klad\u016f a v\u00fdnos\u016f, korpor\u00e1tn\u00edm vlivem a geopolitick\u00fdm hedgingem \u2013 sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e jakoukoli ucelenou doktr\u00ednou. Zda tento krok stabilizuje ceny pohonn\u00fdch hmot, nebo pouze obohat\u00ed n\u011bkolik hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f, se teprve uvid\u00ed. A\u0165 je to jakkoli, Trumpova \u010dasto nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e1 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politika z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nevyzpytateln\u00e1, improviza\u010dn\u00ed a ob\u010das strategicky nepr\u016fhledn\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD.<\/a> v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00e1vrat Chevronu do Venezuely za Trumpova n\u00e1stupu p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdrazn\u00fd obrat v politice: jde jen o…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":84748,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,452,181,814],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84747"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=84747"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84747\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/84748"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=84747"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=84747"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=84747"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}