{"id":84736,"date":"2025-08-01T00:24:58","date_gmt":"2025-07-31T22:24:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=84736"},"modified":"2025-07-31T18:19:05","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T16:19:05","slug":"izrael-prave-predal-vlastnictvi-historicke-mesity-v-hebronu-zidovskym-osadnikum-zde-je-to-co-to-znamena","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/08\/01\/izrael-prave-predal-vlastnictvi-historicke-mesity-v-hebronu-zidovskym-osadnikum-zde-je-to-co-to-znamena\/","title":{"rendered":"Izrael pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159edal vlastnictv\u00ed historick\u00e9 me\u0161ity v Hebronu \u017eidovsk\u00fdm osadn\u00edk\u016fm. Zde je to, co to znamen\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Izrael pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159evedl spr\u00e1vn\u00ed pravomoci nad ikonickou hebronskou me\u0161itou Ibrah\u00edm\u00ed z palestinsk\u00fdch do izraelsk\u00fdch rukou. Tento krok je prvn\u00edm krokem k judaizaci muslimsk\u00fdch bohoslu\u017eebn\u00edch m\u00edst v Palestin\u011b.<\/h4>\n

V r\u00e1mci nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edho izraelsk\u00e9ho kroku k\u00a0anexi Z\u00e1padn\u00edho b\u0159ehu Jord\u00e1nu<\/a>\u00a0p\u0159evedlo \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed velen\u00ed izraelsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy minul\u00fd t\u00fdden spr\u00e1vn\u00ed pravomoci nad me\u0161itou Ibrah\u00edm\u00ed v Hebronu z palestinsk\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 samospr\u00e1vy na N\u00e1bo\u017eenskou radu izraelsk\u00e9 osady Kirjat Arba.<\/p>\n

A\u017e do posledn\u00edho izraelsk\u00e9ho rozhodnut\u00ed byla me\u0161ita Ibrah\u00edm\u00ed provozov\u00e1na hebronskou obc\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem \u00fadr\u017eby infrastruktury jako palestinsk\u00e9 historick\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky a palestinsk\u00fdm odd\u011blen\u00edm pro n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 nadace, neboli\u00a0Awqaf<\/em>\u00a0, za \u00fa\u010delem n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho person\u00e1lu a spr\u00e1vy me\u0161ity. Odd\u011blen\u00ed\u00a0Awqaf<\/em>\u00a0je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Palestinsk\u00e9 samospr\u00e1vy a je to instituce, kter\u00e1 chr\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd charakter svat\u00fdch m\u00edst a s nimi spojen\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e je pravomoc\u00a0Awqaf<\/em>\u00a0nad jak\u00fdmkoli m\u00edstem odvol\u00e1na, nen\u00ed ji\u017e pova\u017eov\u00e1no za palestinsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 m\u00edsto \u2013 a mohlo by b\u00fdt p\u0159ed\u00e1no k jin\u00e9mu vyu\u017eit\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad jako turistick\u00e1 atrakce. Kdy\u017e v\u0161ak izraelsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady pravomoc\u00a0Awqaf<\/em> odvolaj\u00ed, je to sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed projektu judaizace, a tedy i izraelizace tohoto m\u00edsta. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, Izrael se sna\u017e\u00ed vymazat palestinsk\u00fd charakter m\u00edsta a omezit nebo zcela zablokovat p\u0159\u00edstup Palestinc\u016f k n\u011bmu.<\/p>\n

Toto nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed izraelsk\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed k vytr\u017een\u00ed me\u0161ity Ibrah\u00edm\u00ed z rukou\u00a0Awqaf<\/em>\u00a0v podstat\u011b vystavuje me\u0161itu izraelsk\u00e9mu zabr\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee odstra\u0148uje n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd charakter vlastnictv\u00ed m\u00edsta, kter\u00fd byl historicky nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvou ochrany p\u0159ed koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed konfiskac\u00ed. Proto pat\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky ve star\u00fdch m\u011bstech Hebron a Jeruzal\u00e9m mezi n\u011bkolik m\u00e1lo zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch prostor, kde se Palestinci mohou shroma\u017e\u010fovat a kolektivn\u011b se vyjad\u0159ovat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch praktik.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Palestin\u0161t\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed nav\u0161t\u00edvili me\u0161itu Ibrahim\u016f v Hebronu na jihu Z\u00e1padn\u00edho b\u0159ehu Jord\u00e1nu 25. \u00fanora 2014. 25. \u00fanora 1994 izraelsk\u00fd osadn\u00edk Baruch Goldstein pou\u017eil \u00fato\u010dnou pu\u0161ku k post\u0159\u00edlen\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch v me\u0161it\u011b Ibrahim\u016f \u2013 \u017didy uct\u00edvan\u00e9 jako Jeskyn\u011b patriarch\u016f \u2013 v srdci Hebronu, ne\u017e byl ubit k smrti t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed unikli jeho krupobit\u00ed. Foto: Issam Rimawi<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Instrumentalizace n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed pro kolonizaci<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Zm\u011bna pr\u00e1vn\u00ed autority spravuj\u00edc\u00ed tato m\u00edsta z Isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho\u00a0waqfu<\/em>\u00a0na N\u00e1bo\u017eenskou radu Kirjat Arba‘, kter\u00e1 zdaleka nen\u00ed striktn\u011b n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, se rovn\u00e1 ozn\u00e1men\u00ed jejich obsazen\u00ed Izraelem. Jde o instrumentalizaci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed k pos\u00edlen\u00ed kontroly osadn\u00edk\u016f a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti Palestinc\u016f na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch m\u00edstech.<\/p>\n

Tento bezprecedentn\u00ed krok se odehr\u00e1l s t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nulovou pozornost\u00ed tisku, a to navzdory skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee me\u0161ita Ibrahim\u00ed, po me\u0161it\u011b al-Aks\u00e1 v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b, je po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed centrem politick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed a m\u00e1 multin\u00e1bo\u017eenskou a staletou tradici jako m\u00edsto poh\u0159bu biblick\u00e9 a kor\u00e1nsk\u00e9 postavy proroka Abrahama a jeho rodiny. M\u00edsto, kter\u00e9 v prvn\u00edm stolet\u00ed n. l. Josephus Flavius zmi\u0148uje jako \u201ejeskyni\u201c, se ve \u010dtvrt\u00e9m stolet\u00ed stalo byzantsk\u00fdm kostelem a pot\u00e9 byla stejn\u00e1 budova od sedm\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na jako me\u0161ita. B\u011bhem t\u00e9to rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 doby \u2013 a\u017e do izraelsk\u00e9 okupace Z\u00e1padn\u00edho b\u0159ehu Jord\u00e1nu v roce 1967 \u2013 bylo toto m\u00edsto z\u0159\u00eddka p\u0159edm\u011btem konfliktu.<\/p>\n

Osada Kirjat Arba‘ byla zalo\u017eena v 70. letech 20. stolet\u00ed jako reakce izraelsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy na pokusy izraelsk\u00fdch osadn\u00edk\u016f usadit se v Hebronu. C\u00edlem bylo poskytnout t\u011bmto osadn\u00edk\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed poch\u00e1zeli p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z mesianistick\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho sionistick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed, m\u00edsto v Hebronu k usazen\u00ed mimo historick\u00e9 centrum m\u011bsta. Stovky osadn\u00edk\u016f se v\u0161ak do Star\u00e9ho M\u011bsta p\u0159esto p\u0159est\u011bhovaly, n\u00e1sledovan\u00e9 tis\u00edci izraelsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f. Ti z n\u011bj a me\u0161ity Ibrah\u00edm\u00ed ud\u011blali\u00a0permanentn\u00ed bod nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0mezi Palestinci a izraelsk\u00fdmi n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi osadn\u00edky.<\/p>\n

V \u00fanoru 1994 vtrhl v Brooklynu izraelsk\u00fd osadn\u00edk Baruch Goldstein b\u011bhem rann\u00ed modlitby o ramad\u00e1nu do me\u0161ity Ibrahimi a\u00a0zast\u0159elil 29 palestinsk\u00fdch v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch.<\/a>\u00a0Masakr vyvolal ve m\u011bst\u011b s\u00e9rii nepokoj\u016f, na jejich\u017e konci izraelsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da p\u0159edala \u010d\u00e1st me\u0161ity izraelsk\u00fdm osadn\u00edk\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed ji p\u0159em\u011bnili na synagogu. Od t\u00e9 doby je me\u0161ita Ibrahimi fyzicky rozd\u011blena.<\/p>\n

Model rozd\u011blen\u00ed posv\u00e1tn\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho m\u00edsta vyvolal mezi Palestinci poplach, proto\u017ee se domn\u00edvali, \u017ee Izrael pl\u00e1nuje ud\u011blat tot\u00e9\u017e s dal\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi m\u00edsty, zejm\u00e9na s me\u0161itou al-Aks\u00e1 v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b, nad n\u00ed\u017e podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch Izraelc\u016f kdysi st\u00e1l Druh\u00fd chr\u00e1m. Kdy\u017e Ariel \u0160aron v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2000 vtrhl do komplexu al-Aks\u00e1 v doprovodu stovek izraelsk\u00fdch po\u0159\u00e1dkov\u00fdch policist\u016f, apeloval na izraelsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 osadn\u00edky, aby z\u00edskali hlasy p\u0159ed volbami, kter\u00e9 vyhr\u00e1l n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed rok. Dnes n\u00e1bo\u017een\u0161t\u00ed pravicov\u00ed izrael\u0161t\u00ed v\u016fdci nad\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed stejnou strategii k z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed podpory stejn\u00e9ho voli\u010dsk\u00e9ho sektoru. Izraelsk\u00fd ministr n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti Itamar Ben-Gvir vede osadn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed vtrhli do al-Aks\u00e1 od roku 2021, a\u00a0v\u00fdslovn\u011b vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 ke zni\u010den\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edho nejposv\u00e1tn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho m\u00edsta<\/a>\u00a0pro t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dv\u011b miliardy muslim\u016f a k obnov\u011b T\u0159et\u00edho chr\u00e1mu na jeho m\u00edst\u011b.<\/p>\n

V kv\u011btnu 2021 izraelsk\u00e1 policie b\u011bhem ramad\u00e1nsk\u00fdch modliteb za\u00fato\u010dila na al-Aks\u00e1 a b\u011bhem bohoslu\u017eeb na v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed st\u0159\u00edlela gumov\u00e9 projektily a slzn\u00fd plyn, aby je vyhnala z me\u0161ity, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e\u00a0stovky lid\u00ed zranila<\/a>\u00a0. Tyto ud\u00e1losti, spolu s pokusem izraelsk\u00e9ho soudu o vyhn\u00e1n\u00ed palestinsk\u00fdch rodin ze \u010dtvrti \u0160ajch D\u017earrah, vyvolaly ve svat\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b vlnu protest\u016f, kter\u00e9 se v r\u00e1mci\u00a0Intif\u00e1dy jednoty<\/a>\u00a0roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily po cel\u00e9 historick\u00e9 Palestin\u011b .<\/p>\n

\"\"
Palestinci v me\u0161it\u011b Ibrahim\u00edho u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed narozen\u00ed proroka Mohameda v Hebronu 16. \u00fanora 2011. (Foto: Najeh Hashlamoun\/APA Images)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Izraelsk\u00fd proti\u00fatok<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Od \u0159\u00edjna 2023 se n\u00e1jezdy osadn\u00edk\u016f na komplex al-Aks\u00e1 staly tak opakovan\u00fdmi, \u017ee odd\u011blen\u00ed isl\u00e1msk\u00fdch nadac\u00ed v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b za\u010d\u00e1tkem \u010dervence ozn\u00e1milo, \u017ee od za\u010d\u00e1tku roku za\u00fato\u010dilo na al-Aks\u00e1 33 000 izraelsk\u00fdch osadn\u00edk\u016f. Za\u010d\u00e1tkem minul\u00e9ho v\u00edkendu podepsal izraelsk\u00fd ministr pro Jeruzal\u00e9m a kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed Meir Porush kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed rezignac\u00ed na svou funkci sv\u016fj posledn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz ke konfiskaci n\u011bkolika palestinsk\u00fdch nemovitost\u00ed v okol\u00ed komplexu al-Aks\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u0160ejk Omar Kiswani z me\u0161ity al-Aks\u00e1 \u0159ekl\u00a0Mondoweissovi<\/em>\u00a0, \u017ee isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 nadace neboli\u00a0awqaf<\/em>\u00a0v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b z\u016fstaly po okupaci v roce 1967 z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na jord\u00e1nsk\u00e9m nada\u010dn\u00edm \u00fa\u0159adu a jsou j\u00edm dodnes. V Hebronu, stejn\u011b jako ve zbytku Palestiny, v\u0161ak isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 nadace z\u00e1vis\u00ed na palestinsk\u00e9 samospr\u00e1v\u011b.<\/p>\n

\u201eTo znamen\u00e1, \u017ee status Al-Aks\u00e1 jako isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho m\u00edsta pod he\u0161imovskou jord\u00e1nskou ochranou je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed historick\u00e9ho statu quo, kter\u00e9 \u00fadajn\u011b nelze zm\u011bnit, dokud jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b nedos\u00e1hnou pr\u016flomu,\u201c vysv\u011btlil \u0161ejk Kiswani.<\/p>\n

\u201eStatus v\u0161ech n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch m\u00edst v Palestin\u011b je tak\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed statu quo a pr\u00e1va palestinsk\u00fdch muslim\u016f a k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f jsou chr\u00e1n\u011bna a nekontroverzn\u00ed, ale izraelsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady zneu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed k dosa\u017een\u00ed politick\u00fdch zisk\u016f a riskuj\u00ed, \u017ee vyvolaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se m\u016f\u017ee vymknout kontrole,\u201c dodal Kiswani.<\/p>\n

\"Palestinci
Palestinci v me\u0161it\u011b Ibrahimi, 25. \u00fanora 2014. (Foto: Issam Rimawi\/APA Images)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Zat\u00edmco Izrael pokra\u010duje ve v\u00e1lce proti Gaze, zrychluje sv\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed o anexi Z\u00e1padn\u00edho b\u0159ehu Jord\u00e1nu. Spolu s roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm osad, konfiskac\u00ed p\u016fdy a omezen\u00edm pohybu Palestinc\u016f je zaveden\u00ed kontroly nad n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi m\u00edsty sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed celkov\u00e9 logiky anexe, kde jsou n\u00e1bo\u017een\u0161t\u00ed extremist\u00e9-osadn\u00edci vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ni jako n\u00e1stroje v prvn\u00ed linii izraelsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed strategie.<\/p>\n

V jin\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch a za jin\u00fdch podm\u00ednek by takov\u00fd krok vyvolal celosv\u011btovou kontroverzi. Uprost\u0159ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed ne\u010dinnosti v\u016f\u010di hladov\u011bn\u00ed dvou milion\u016f Palestinc\u016f v p\u00e1smu Gazy si v\u0161ak absence reakce na vyd\u00e1n\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho svat\u00e9ho m\u00edsta, jako je me\u0161ita Ibrah\u00edm\u00ed, neleg\u00e1ln\u00edm osadn\u00edk\u016fm, sotva zaslou\u017e\u00ed pozornost. P\u0159esto tyto zm\u011bny mohou zm\u011bnit tv\u00e1\u0159 vztahu Palestinc\u016f k jejich nejuct\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u00edst\u016fm bohoslu\u017eeb.<\/p>\n

\n

Qassam Muaddi
\n<\/strong>Qassam Muaddi je palestinsk\u00fdm spisovatelem pro Mondoweiss. Sledujte ho na Twitteru\/X na\u00a0\u00a0@QassaMMuaddi<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Izrael pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159evedl spr\u00e1vn\u00ed pravomoci nad ikonickou hebronskou me\u0161itou Ibrah\u00edm\u00ed z palestinsk\u00fdch do izraelsk\u00fdch rukou….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":84737,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[178,107,1290,313],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84736"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=84736"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84736\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/84737"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=84736"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=84736"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=84736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}