{"id":84641,"date":"2025-07-30T06:32:37","date_gmt":"2025-07-30T04:32:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=84641"},"modified":"2025-07-30T06:32:37","modified_gmt":"2025-07-30T04:32:37","slug":"michael-svatos-ruske-vojenske-jednotky-na-motocyklech-organizacni-struktura-bojova-taktika-mapy-operaci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/07\/30\/michael-svatos-ruske-vojenske-jednotky-na-motocyklech-organizacni-struktura-bojova-taktika-mapy-operaci\/","title":{"rendered":"Michael Svato\u0161: Rusk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 jednotky na motocyklech. Organiza\u010dn\u00ed struktura, bojov\u00e1 taktika, mapy operac\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ru\u0161t\u00ed vojen\u0161t\u00ed komand\u00fd\u0159i i technici byli v\u017edy neortodoxn\u011b efektivn\u011b vynal\u00e9zav\u00ed a dok\u00e1zali v dlouhodob\u00fdch v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch poka\u017ed\u00e9 p\u0159ekvapit, i p\u0159ekonat sv\u00e9 protivn\u00edky. Kr\u00e1sn\u011b se to uk\u00e1zalo t\u0159eba za II. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v oblasti v\u00fdvoje tank\u016f. Jakmile N\u011bmci v roce 1943 zavedli do v\u00fdzbroje tanky s vysokorychlostn\u00edmi pr\u016fbojn\u00fdmi kanony 75mm (Pz-IV, Panther), a 88mm (Tiger), kter\u00e9 snadno, na v\u00edce ne\u017e 1km, pror\u00e1\u017eely panc\u00ed\u0159e v\u0161ech rusk\u00fdch, britsk\u00fdch, i americk\u00fdch tank\u016f, nezbylo spojeneck\u00fdm gener\u00e1l\u016fm, ne\u017e se rychle zamyslet nad n\u011bjak\u00fdm vlastn\u00edm protiopat\u0159en\u00edm. A americk\u00e1 reakce na rozd\u00edl od sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu skon\u010dila tak nechvaln\u011b, \u017ee se dokonce p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed za typick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad neschopnosti arm\u00e1dn\u00edch \u0161pi\u010dek \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b se adaptovat na nov\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky. A dnes se zase rusk\u00e1 adaptace na nov\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky \u2013 rusk\u00e9 bojov\u00e9 odd\u00edly na motocyklech \u2013 intenzivn\u011b studuje. Proto\u017ee ve v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch plat\u00ed, kdo se nedok\u00e1\u017ee v\u010das adaptovat, ponese obrovsk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty, a pokud nen\u00ed velmi v\u00fdrazn\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, prohraje celou v\u00e1lku, pod\u00edv\u00e1me se dnes na ty nov\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 motork\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 adaptace bl\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n

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(1) Nejprve kr\u00e1tce k nepoda\u0159en\u00e9 americk\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 adaptaci za II. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky:<\/h3>\n

V knize\u00a0Adaptation under Fire<\/a>, profeso\u0159i Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies,\u00a0US gener\u00e1lporu\u010d\u00edk David W. Barno, a Dr. Nora Bensahelov\u00e1<\/a>, detailn\u011b popisuj\u00ed \u0159adu ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch americk\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch adaptac\u00ed. Mimo jin\u00e9 zkoumali i p\u0159\u00edklad dodate\u010dn\u00e9ho panc\u00e9\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0tank\u016f Sherman<\/a>\u00a0americk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy v letech 1944\u20131945, kter\u00e9 pova\u017euj\u00ed za klasick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad neschopnosti americk\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 byrokracie se \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b adaptovat na nov\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky.<\/p>\n

Dodate\u010dn\u00e9 panc\u00e9\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed byl \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed term\u00edn, kter\u00fdmi se tehdy souhrnn\u011b ozna\u010dovalo p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed panc\u00e9\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed k americk\u00fdm hlavn\u00edm bojov\u00fdm tank\u016fm Sherman, aby se v z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 etap\u011b II. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky na evropsk\u00e9m boji\u0161ti vyrovnaly s rostouc\u00ed pr\u016fbojnost\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdch tankov\u00fdch kan\u00f3n\u016f. Toto p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 panc\u00e9\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak podle zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed obou profesor\u016f vedlo pouze k dramatick\u00e9mu zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee tankov\u00fdch motor\u016f a podvozk\u016f, proto\u017ee ty na tuto zv\u00fd\u0161enou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e nebyly p\u016fvodn\u011b zkonstruov\u00e1ny. A krom\u011b dramatick\u00e9ho zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed po\u010dt\u016f tankov\u00fdch poruch, sn\u00ed\u017eilo i taktikou mobilitu americk\u00fdch tank\u016f na boji\u0161ti. A sou\u010dasn\u011b p\u0159itom nedo\u0161lo k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu zlep\u0161en\u00ed odolnosti americk\u00fdch tank\u016f proti st\u0159el\u00e1m z n\u011bmeck\u00fdch tank\u016f.<\/p>\n

Profeso\u0159i Barno a Bensahelov\u00e1 ze zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1porn\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f dodate\u010dn\u00e9ho panc\u00e9\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00fdch tank\u016f za II. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky vyvodili z\u00e1v\u011br, \u017ee\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9 taktick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my nelze p\u0159ekonat pouze konzervativn\u00edmi adaptacemi a zm\u011bnami na taktick\u00e9 nebo opera\u010dn\u00ed \u00farovni, ale pro mnoho v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdzev jsou t\u0159eba institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed adaptace na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni. Ve sv\u00e9 knize to na p\u0159\u00edkladu ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 konzervativn\u00ed adaptace tanku M-4 Sherman popisuj\u00ed t\u011bmito slovy:\u00a0Americk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da se b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky tvrdohlav\u011b dr\u017eela sv\u00fdch p\u0159edv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed tank\u016f je\u0161t\u011b dlouho pot\u00e9, co byly vyvr\u00e1ceny bojov\u00fdmi zku\u0161enostmi. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed boje mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1stmi americk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dn\u00ed byrokracie \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b zabrzdily jak\u00fdkoli v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch tank\u016f po celou dobu v\u00e1lky. Trval\u00e9 spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy na tank M4 Sherman b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky bylo jednozna\u010dn\u00fdm selh\u00e1n\u00edm institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed adaptace.<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Adaptace na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni rusk\u00fdch motork\u00e1\u0159\u016f je velice v\u0161estrann\u00e1. Zde vid\u00edte v\u00fdcvik ve st\u0159elb\u011b za j\u00edzdy. Ru\u0161t\u00ed motork\u00e1\u0159i jsou cvi\u010deni ve dvou z\u00e1kladn\u00edch specializac\u00edch pro st\u0159elbu za j\u00edzdy. Dvojice je bu\u010f vycvi\u010dena a vyzbrojena pro st\u0159elbu na Ukrajince, (viz obr\u00e1zek), nebo na st\u0159elbu proti ukrajinsk\u00fdm dron\u016fm. Takto vycvi\u010den\u00e9 dvojice se potom st\u00e1vaj\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rusk\u00e9 \u00fato\u010dn\u00e9 motocyklov\u00e9 eskadry. Ta se obvykle skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z 8 motocykl\u016f. Ale budete p\u0159ekvapeni, z kolika je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch specializac\u00ed motork\u00e1\u0159\u016f se takov\u00e1to rusk\u00e1 nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed motocyklov\u00e1 \u00fadern\u00e1 eskadra skl\u00e1d\u00e1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

(2) Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00ed struktura a vybaven\u00ed Eskadry rusk\u00fdch \u00fadern\u00fdch motork\u00e1\u0159\u016f.<\/h3>\n
Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00ed strukturou rusk\u00fdch \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch motork\u00e1\u0159\u016f je Eskadra \u2013 6 a\u017e 8 motocykl\u016f, a 8 a\u017e 16 motork\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Slo\u017een\u00ed Eskadry:<\/div>\n