{"id":84484,"date":"2025-07-28T06:33:33","date_gmt":"2025-07-28T04:33:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=84484"},"modified":"2025-07-28T06:33:33","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T04:33:33","slug":"michal-tera-odpor-k-rusku-se-u-nas-pestuje-35-let-opakovani-spravnych-nazoru-vam-otevira-dvere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/07\/28\/michal-tera-odpor-k-rusku-se-u-nas-pestuje-35-let-opakovani-spravnych-nazoru-vam-otevira-dvere\/","title":{"rendered":"Michal T\u00e9ra: Odpor k Rusku se u n\u00e1s p\u011bstuje 35 let. Opakov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201espr\u00e1vn\u00fdch\u201c n\u00e1zor\u016f v\u00e1m otev\u00edr\u00e1 dve\u0159e"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u201eOdpor k\u00a0Rus\u016fm, Rusku a\u00a0v\u0161emu rusk\u00e9mu se stal jedn\u00edm z\u00a0hlavn\u00edch spole\u010densk\u00fdch stereotyp\u016f, s\u00a0nimi\u017e \u017eila polistopadov\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 historik a\u00a0slavista Michal T\u00e9ra. Popisuje, v\u00a0\u010dem je \u010desk\u00e1 rusofobie odli\u0161n\u00e1 od t\u00e9 polsk\u00e9 nebo pobaltsk\u00e9, a\u00a0vysv\u011btluje, jak v\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9m akademick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed funguje tzv.\u00a0da\u0148 za spole\u010denskou p\u0159ijatelnost.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ud\u00e1losti posledn\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed let z\u00e1sadn\u011b prom\u011bnily vztah v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti \u010desk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti k\u00a0Rusku. Nejsem pam\u011btn\u00edk, ale z\u00a0toho, co v\u00edm, m\u00e1m dojem, \u017ee tak negativn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di cel\u00e9mu n\u00e1rodu nebyl ani v\u00a0\u010dasech normalizace, kdy p\u0159es odpor k\u00a0sov\u011btsk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 reprezentaci byla ct\u011bna rusk\u00e1 kultura, sport. Nyn\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st spole\u010dnosti akceptuje kolektivn\u00ed vinu. P\u0159ekvapilo v\u00e1s, jak negativn\u011b se tento vztah po\u00a0za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u00e1lky na Ukrajin\u011b v\u00a0podstatn\u00e9 a\u00a0viditeln\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti \u010desk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti vyvinul?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0podstat\u011b nikoliv. Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0vyvrcholen\u00ed procesu, kter\u00fd tu prob\u00edhal u\u017e v\u00edc ne\u017e p\u011btat\u0159icet let. Odpor k\u00a0Rus\u016fm, Rusku a\u00a0v\u0161emu rusk\u00e9mu se stal jedn\u00edm z\u00a0hlavn\u00edch spole\u010densk\u00fdch stereotyp\u016f, s\u00a0nimi\u017e \u017eila polistopadov\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost. Nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ela si jej pouze z\u00a0dob normalizace, ale speci\u00e1ln\u011b si ho p\u011bstovala jako jeden ze zdroj\u016f sv\u00e9ho potvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee pat\u0159\u00edme na Z\u00e1pad \u2013 a\u00a0proto jsme proti Rusku. V\u00fdznamn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st na\u0161\u00ed politick\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny, m\u00e9di\u00ed i\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch elit tento stereotyp podporovala, pracovala s\u00a0n\u00edm a\u00a0podn\u011bcovala ho, tak\u017ee b\u00fdt protirusk\u00fdm se stalo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u201edobr\u00e9ho vychov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c a\u00a0spole\u010densk\u00fdm trendem.<\/p>\n<p>Krize a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 v\u00e1lka na Ukrajin\u011b pouze umo\u017enila, aby se tento p\u0159edsudek zcela beztrestn\u011b rozvinul do sv\u00fdch nejohavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch podob. To, co m\u016f\u017eeme ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m prostoru sly\u0161et nebo co se m\u016f\u017eeme do\u010d\u00edst ohledn\u011b Rus\u016f, by v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jin\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda bylo ji\u017e z\u0159ejm\u011b trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem. I\u00a0samotn\u00e1 mohutn\u00e1 ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 podpora Ukrajin\u011b a\u00a0Ukrajinc\u016fm vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0t\u00e9to p\u011bstovan\u00e9, kultivovan\u00e9 a\u00a0podporovan\u00e9 nen\u00e1visti \u2013 Ukrajinci nejsou zaj\u00edmav\u00ed pro svoji kulturu \u010di\u00a0jin\u00e9 hodnoty, ale proto, \u017ee bojuj\u00ed\u00a0<strong>proti<\/strong>\u00a0Rus\u016fm. Pokud by proti Rus\u016fm bojovat p\u0159estali, z\u00e1jem o\u00a0n\u011b by prudce poklesl.<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed podot\u00fdkaj\u00ed, \u017ee \u010cesko se v\u00a0tomto vymyk\u00e1 nejen v\u00a0r\u00e1mci EU, ale i\u00a0v\u00a0r\u00e1mci regionu, kter\u00fd p\u0159itom na\u0161i historickou zku\u0161enost do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry sd\u00edlel. \u010c\u00edm si tuto rozd\u00edlnou m\u00edru rusofobie vysv\u011btlujete?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nemysl\u00edm, \u017ee se \u010desk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b vymyk\u00e1 \u2013 nen\u00e1vist v\u016f\u010di v\u0161emu rusk\u00e9mu je pom\u011brn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 v\u00a0Polsku a\u00a0v\u00a0Pobalt\u00ed. V\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1 jin\u00e1 v\u011bc: Polsko a\u00a0Pobalt\u00ed maj\u00ed dlouhodobou bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed zku\u0161enost s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edmou ruskou nadvl\u00e1dou od 18.\u00a0stolet\u00ed a\u00a0s\u00a0rusk\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm se ob\u011b oblasti pot\u00fdkaly od 16.\u00a0stolet\u00ed \u2013 odtud vych\u00e1zej\u00ed jejich protirusk\u00e9 postoje, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b i\u00a0neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b p\u0159epjat\u00e9 \u010di\u00a0nespravedliv\u011b nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9, maj\u00ed v\u0161ak za sebou ur\u010ditou historickou zku\u0161enost.<\/p>\n<article class=\"detail\" data-pl-article-id=\"777253\">\n<section class=\"article-content\">\u010cesk\u00e1 rusofobie takovou bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed zku\u0161enost nem\u00e1, na\u0161e zku\u0161enost s\u00a0rusk\u00fdm\/sov\u011btsk\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm je velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 a\u00a0slab\u00e1: \u010dty\u0159icet let jsme byli satelitem Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu a\u00a0dvacet let u\u00a0n\u00e1s byla okupa\u010dn\u00ed vojska, kter\u00e1 nakonec sama od n\u00e1s ode\u0161la. To je pochopiteln\u011b d\u016fvod pro rusofobii t\u0159eba u\u00a0jedn\u00e9 nebo u\u00a0dvou generac\u00ed, ale nikoliv pro n\u011bjakou komplexn\u00ed a\u00a0systematickou nen\u00e1vist, kter\u00e1 hrani\u010d\u00ed s\u00a0rasismem a\u00a0je po\u00a0desetilet\u00ed p\u011bstovan\u00e1. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee u\u00a0n\u00e1s se jedn\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o\u00a0jist\u00fd l\u00e9k na komplex m\u00e9n\u011bcennosti \u2013 c\u00edt\u00edme se lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u201eti na v\u00fdchod\u011b\u201c, d\u00e1v\u00e1me na odiv svoji civiliza\u010dn\u00ed nad\u0159azenost a\u00a0nen\u00e1vist\u00ed v\u016f\u010di Rusku se identifikujeme se Z\u00e1padem, kter\u00fd pro zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st spole\u010dnosti st\u00e1le p\u0159edstavuje n\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00edhodn\u00fd vzor a\u00a0jedin\u00fd prostor, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e bychom m\u011bli b\u00fdt ukotveni, a\u0165 u\u017e to stoj\u00ed, co chce.<\/p>\n<p>Takov\u00fd lokajsk\u00fd komplex \u2013 sm\u011bs podl\u00e9zavosti a\u00a0pohrd\u00e1n\u00ed. A\u00a0pochopiteln\u011b i\u00a0strach. Rusko pro v\u011bt\u0161inu obyvatelstva, kter\u00e9 s\u00a0n\u00edm nem\u00e1 bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed zku\u0161enost, p\u0159edstavuje temnou hrozbu, kter\u00e1 po\u00a0n\u00e1s la\u010dn\u00ed a\u00a0chce n\u00e1m vz\u00edt v\u0161e dobr\u00e9, co m\u00e1me a\u00a0\u010d\u00edm \u017eijeme. Je to vlastn\u011b takov\u00fd temn\u00fd, podsv\u011btn\u00ed, d\u00e9monick\u00fd nep\u0159\u00edtel, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavuje to nejhor\u0161\u00ed, co si \u010dlov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edstavit: b\u00eddu, v\u00e1lku, tyranstv\u00ed, primitivnost apod. A\u00a0toho se boj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd, sta\u010d\u00ed, kdy\u017e takov\u00e9 hrozby ztoto\u017en\u00edte s\u00a0n\u011bjakou konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zem\u00ed (a\u00a0to medi\u00e1ln\u011b nen\u00ed v\u016fbec t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9), a\u00a0spole\u010densk\u00fd stereotyp je na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tento negativn\u00ed postoj k\u00a0Rusku dnes vych\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0velmi zjednodu\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edch hodnocen\u00ed typu \u201ejednou u\u017e tu byli, tak mohou p\u0159ij\u00edt znova\u201c, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b sp\u00ed\u0161e z\u00a0bonmot\u016f, jako je Havl\u00ed\u010dkovo \u201enaz\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u0161e rusk\u00e9 slovansk\u00fdm, aby pak mohli v\u0161e slovansk\u00e9 naz\u00fdvat rusk\u00fdm\u201c. Jak re\u00e1ln\u00e9 jsou podle v\u00e1s dnes obavy z\u00a0rusk\u00fdch mocensk\u00fdch ambic\u00ed ve st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9m regionu?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nedok\u00e1\u017eu \u0159\u00edci, co se hon\u00ed hlavou p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016fm rusk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 a\u00a0silov\u00e9 elity, ale trouf\u00e1m si vyslovit n\u00e1zor, \u017ee Rusko nem\u00e1 z\u00e1jem zmocnit se n\u00e1s ani jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. Dokonce se domn\u00edv\u00e1m, \u017ee Rusov\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed moment\u00e1ln\u011b z\u00e1jem o\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed, maj\u00ed ho dost a\u00a0jejich hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je udr\u017eet ruskou populaci alespo\u0148 tak po\u010detnou, aby mohla kontrolovat a\u00a0zalidnit samotn\u00e9 Rusko, nikoliv se \u0161\u00ed\u0159it n\u011bkam d\u00e1l. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee anektovali Krym, p\u0159ipojili \u010d\u00e1st v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Ukrajiny nebo mali\u010dk\u00e9 autonomn\u00ed republiky na Kavkaze, je sp\u00ed\u0161e d\u00e1na moment\u00e1ln\u00edmi okolnostmi ne\u017e snahou expandovat.<\/p>\n<p>Tedy jin\u00fdmi slovy: kdyby nedo\u0161lo ke kyjevsk\u00e9mu p\u0159evratu v\u00a0roce 2014, nebyl by nikdy p\u0159ipojen Krym, kdyby Ukrajina dodr\u017eovala minsk\u00e9 dohody, nebyly by anektov\u00e1ny jej\u00ed v\u00fdchodn\u00ed oblasti, a\u00a0kdyby Michail Saaka\u0161vili nedal pokyn k\u00a0no\u010dn\u00edmu bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed Cchinvali v\u00a0srpnu 2008, neobsadilo by Rusko Abch\u00e1zii a\u00a0Ji\u017en\u00ed Osetii. Domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee rusk\u00e1 politick\u00e1 elita chce, aby Rusko bylo pln\u011b suver\u00e9nn\u00ed velmoc\u00ed na sv\u011btov\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b, a\u00a0proto si bude i\u00a0ostr\u00fdmi lokty prosazovat sv\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy, ale nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 expanzivn\u00ed ambice v\u016f\u010di st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Plk. Folt\u00fdn: Putin je vychcan\u00fd, ale vojensk\u00e1 prehliadka je legit\u00edmnym vojensk\u00fdm cie\u013eom!\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/teEpf0KdxfA?start=1&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"google-anno-skip google-anno-sc\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" aria-label=\"Ukrajinsk\u00e9 knihy\" data-google-vignette=\"false\" data-google-interstitial=\"false\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>Rusko a\u00a0Ukrajina, dv\u011b sousedn\u00ed zem\u011b s\u00a0velmi intenzivn\u00edmi vazbami, spolu posledn\u00ed t\u0159i roky vedou velmi krutou v\u00e1lku. Jak se mohou vyv\u00edjet vztahy mezi lidmi obou t\u011bchto n\u00e1rod\u016f v\u00a0budoucnu? A\u00a0jak to m\u016f\u017ee poznamenat v\u00fdvoj v\u00a0regionu?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>To je velk\u00e1 nezn\u00e1m\u00e1. Cel\u00e1 ta situace je velkou trag\u00e9di\u00ed, kdy proti sob\u011b bojuj\u00ed st\u00e1ty, jejich\u017e n\u00e1rody maj\u00ed k\u00a0sob\u011b nesm\u00edrn\u011b bl\u00edzko. Zat\u00edm je velmi t\u011b\u017eko \u0159\u00edci, zda p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nen\u00e1vist, kter\u00e1 bude vych\u00e1zet z\u00a0po\u010dtu mrtv\u00fdch na boji\u0161t\u00edch i\u00a0v\u00a0z\u00e1zem\u00ed, nebo se prosad\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 bl\u00edzkost, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ekon\u00e1 i\u00a0toto d\u011bsiv\u00e9 trauma. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, jak se k\u00a0sob\u011b budou chovat ob\u011b zem\u011b po\u00a0skon\u010den\u00ed v\u00e1lky a\u00a0jak tuto v\u00e1lku ch\u00e1pe v\u011bt\u0161ina obyvatelstva ve sv\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Zda ji pova\u017euje za cynickou politickou hru, kter\u00e1 nem\u00e1 nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s\u00a0oby\u010dejn\u00fdmi Rusy a\u00a0Ukrajinci, nebo za boj dvou n\u00e1rod\u016f, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1pas\u00ed mezi sebou, proto\u017ee vedle sebe nedok\u00e1\u017eou \u017e\u00edt v\u00a0m\u00edru a\u00a0partnerstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<section class=\"section-brown section-inarticle poll pollNormal\">Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee na rusk\u00e9 stran\u011b nen\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed nen\u00e1vist v\u016f\u010di Ukrajinc\u016fm. Budoucnost bude z\u00e1viset na ukrajinsk\u00e9m postoji \u2013 zda ve spole\u010dnosti p\u0159evl\u00e1dne nen\u00e1vist v\u016f\u010di Rus\u016fm jako n\u00e1rodu a\u00a0Rusku jako zemi, nebo zda vina padne v\u00a0o\u010d\u00edch Ukrajinc\u016f p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na politick\u00e9 elity, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b na \u0161ovinistick\u00e9 skupiny, kter\u00e9 nen\u00e1vist v\u016f\u010di Rus\u016fm rozv\u00edjej\u00ed systematicky a\u00a0v\u00a0d\u011bsiv\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159i a\u00a0kter\u00e9 jsou nepochybn\u011b jedn\u00edm z\u00a0vin\u00edk\u016f ukrajinsk\u00e9 krize, ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky na v\u00fdchod\u011b zem\u011b a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p>Jist\u00ed si m\u016f\u017eeme b\u00fdt asi jen t\u00edm, \u017ee pokud bude Ukrajina i\u00a0po\u00a0v\u00e1lce pod politick\u00fdm vlivem z\u00e1padn\u00edch mocensk\u00fdch center, bude v\u00a0n\u00ed propagov\u00e1na nesmi\u0159iteln\u00e1 nen\u00e1vist v\u016f\u010di v\u0161emu rusk\u00e9mu \u2013 nebo\u0165 pr\u00e1v\u011b to bylo pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b c\u00edlem z\u00e1padn\u00edho p\u016fsoben\u00ed v\u00a0t\u00e9to zemi: vytvo\u0159it Rusku nesmi\u0159iteln\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00edtele v\u00a0jeho bezprost\u0159edn\u00edm sousedstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cms.parlamentnilisty.cz\/image.ashx?id=195266&amp;f=Zelenskyj-Praha_638819794955110429.jpg&amp;w=632&amp;h=307\" alt=\"\" width=\"683\" height=\"332\" data-orig-style=\"width: 632px; height: 307px;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pokud jde o\u00a0Ukrajinu, oz\u00fdvaly se v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech i\u00a0hlasy, \u017ee bychom v\u00a0r\u00e1mci jej\u00ed podpory nem\u011bli p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zmi\u0148ovat negativn\u00ed str\u00e1nky tamn\u00ed st\u00e1tnosti, jako je korupce, vliv region\u00e1ln\u00edch mafi\u00ed nebo pon\u011bkud sv\u00e9r\u00e1zn\u00e9 pojet\u00ed parlamentn\u00ed kultury. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee Ukrajina v\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bchto probl\u00e9m\u016f postupuje. Jak to je podle v\u00e1s, st\u00e1v\u00e1 se Ukrajina v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech \u201ecivilizovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u201c?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee tomu tak bohu\u017eel nen\u00ed, a\u00a0nem\u00e1m dojem, \u017ee by se o\u00a0to v\u016fbec n\u011bkdo sna\u017eil. Hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem Ukrajiny po\u00a0rozpadu Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu nebylo Rusko, ale pr\u00e1v\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00ed mafi\u00e1nsko-oligarchick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd privatizoval celou zemi do jak\u00fdchsi \u201e\u00fad\u011bln\u00fdch kn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed\u201c, obohatil mafi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 bosse a\u00a0oligarchy, ale uvrhl do b\u00eddy zemi, kter\u00e1 d\u00edky sv\u00e9mu potenci\u00e1lu mohla b\u00fdt jednou z\u00a0nejblahobytn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00a0Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Ukrajinsk\u00fd parlament:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fT65rlutaC8?si=EAwb62nseYB3_-Jo\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\" data-origwidth=\"560\" data-origheight=\"315\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Na rozd\u00edl od Ruska se nena\u0161el \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd autoritativn\u00ed v\u016fdce, kter\u00fd by za podpory silov\u00fdch slo\u017eek zkrotil \u201e\u00fad\u011bln\u00e1 kn\u00ed\u017eata\u201c, tak\u017ee ukrajinsk\u00fd st\u00e1t se sp\u00ed\u0161e pot\u00e1cel na hran\u011b funk\u010dn\u00ed existence. Na tom se podle m\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nezm\u011bnilo \u2013 pouze se vym\u011bnili dominantn\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010di a\u00a0hlavn\u011b do ukrajinsk\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho a\u00a0hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho prostoru vstoupili z\u00e1padn\u00ed z\u00e1jemci, kte\u0159\u00ed se budou cht\u00edt tak\u00e9 zmocnit n\u011bjak\u00e9 ko\u0159isti, co\u017e se z\u0159ejm\u011b u\u017e d\u011bje. Spojen\u00ed se Z\u00e1padem Ukrajin\u011b podle m\u00e9ho soudu nep\u0159inese \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zlep\u0161en\u00ed, sp\u00ed\u0161e naopak. Zat\u00edm to bohu\u017eel vypad\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159ed Ukrajinou a\u00a0p\u0159ed Ukrajinci je pom\u011brn\u011b temn\u00e1 budoucnost, a\u00a0to bez ohledu na to, jak dopadne v\u00e1lka s\u00a0Ruskem.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ano, nelze p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnout v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 \u201ehlasov\u00e1n\u00ed nohama\u201c ji\u017e mnoho let p\u0159ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem v\u00e1lky, kdy zemi opustilo pr\u00fd snad a\u017e patn\u00e1ct milion\u016f lid\u00ed z\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 milion\u016f obyvatel v\u00a0roce 1991. Tak\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 ukazatele byly dost depresivn\u00ed, v\u00a0podstat\u011b nejhor\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0Evrop\u011b, je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e sousedn\u00ed Luka\u0161enkovo B\u011blorusko. V\u00e1lka samoz\u0159ejm\u011b vybudila vlasteneckou hrdost, ale p\u0159ece jen: maj\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed uprchli p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou, v\u016fbec n\u011bjak\u00e9 d\u016fvody, pro\u010d se vracet?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Jak u\u017e jsem \u0159ekl \u2013 budoucnost Ukrajiny nen\u00ed podle v\u0161eho dobr\u00e1. Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed vyu\u017eili mo\u017enosti odej\u00edt, a\u0165 kv\u016fli v\u00e1lce nebo z\u00a0jin\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, se tam u\u017e nevr\u00e1t\u00ed. Demografick\u00e1 situace je katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed i\u00a0ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0jin\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty st\u0159edn\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy \u2013 a\u00a0to je u\u017e co \u0159\u00edci. Je to velik\u00e1 \u0161koda a\u00a0hlavn\u011b je tu nebezpe\u010d\u00ed nenapraviteln\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed katastrofy.<\/p>\n<section class=\"section-brown section-inarticle related-articles\"><strong>Viktor Orb\u00e1n ned\u00e1vno vyvolal rozruch pozn\u00e1mkou, \u017ee k\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b se vlastn\u011b nev\u00ed, kde ta zem\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 a\u00a0kon\u010d\u00ed. Te\u010f nechme stranou ot\u00e1zku v\u00fdchodn\u00ed hranice, o\u00a0kterou se bojuje, a\u00a0poj\u010fme se bavit o\u00a0\u201eza\u010d\u00e1tku a\u00a0konci\u201c v\u00a0tom smyslu, jak jsou na tom jednotliv\u00e9 regiony z\u00a0hlediska loajality ke kyjevsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b. Vn\u00edmaj\u00ed se v\u0161ude lid\u00e9 prim\u00e1rn\u011b jako Ukrajinci, nebo n\u011bkde c\u00edt\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pouto a\u00a0loajalitu ke sv\u00e9mu regionu?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p>Nejsem tak podrobn\u011b obezn\u00e1men se situac\u00ed v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch regionech, abych dok\u00e1zal kompetentn\u011b odpov\u011bd\u011bt. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b se domn\u00edv\u00e1m, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b nefunk\u010dnost ukrajinsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu oslabila s\u00edlu identifikace s\u00a0Ukrajinou u\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti obyvatelstva.<\/p>\n<p>Tady je toti\u017e probl\u00e9m vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z\u00a0d\u011bjin Ukrajiny. Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee a\u017e do 20.\u00a0stolet\u00ed neexistovala ukrajinsk\u00e1 st\u00e1tnost, neexistovalo ani tradi\u010dn\u011b vymezen\u00e9 ukrajinsk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed. Ukrajina je slo\u017eena z\u00a0cel\u00e9 \u0159ady region\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly \u010dasto velmi odli\u0161nou historii. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 vazba na Ukrajinu byla b\u011bhem 20.\u00a0stolet\u00ed oslabena skute\u010dnost\u00ed, \u017ee byla sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu, tak\u017ee \u010d\u00e1st obyvatel se identifikovala sp\u00ed\u0161e s\u00a0n\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>Asi m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee z\u00e1kladem ukrajinsk\u00e9 identity je vnitrozemsk\u00e1 pravob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed oblast sahaj\u00edc\u00ed od st\u0159edn\u00edho Dn\u011bpru a\u017e po\u00a0Bug \u2013 tedy po\u00a0historickou Hali\u010d a\u00a0Voly\u0148. Ov\u0161em bez Podkarpat\u00ed, kter\u00e9 a\u017e do roku 1945 nem\u011blo s\u00a0Ukrajinou nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho a\u00a0kde se st\u0159et\u00e1v\u00e1 ukrajinsk\u00e1 identita s\u00a0rus\u00ednskou.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kdy\u017e se kouk\u00e1m na mapu velk\u00e9 a\u00a0r\u016fznorod\u00e9 Ukrajiny, napad\u00e1 m\u011b, zda v\u00a0minulosti nemohla b\u00fdt \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm jej\u00edch dezintegra\u010dn\u00edch tendenc\u00ed t\u0159eba n\u011bjak\u00e1 forma federace, kter\u00e1 by dala Donbasu, t\u0159eba je\u0161t\u011b Krymu, ale tak\u00e9 Podkarpat\u00ed nebo Hali\u010di na z\u00e1pad\u011b vlastn\u00ed st\u00e1tnost. Uva\u017eovalo se v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b n\u011bkdy b\u011bhem samostatn\u00e9 historie Ukrajiny o\u00a0tomto st\u00e1topr\u00e1vn\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nev\u00edm o\u00a0tom. Ukrajina se v\u017edy profilovala jako unit\u00e1rn\u00ed st\u00e1t s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee jistou autonomii m\u011bl Krym, ov\u0161em i\u00a0tu se sna\u017eila kyjevsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da od roku 1995 postupn\u011b omezovat. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee ukrajinsk\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed tradice byla tak kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 a\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed bylo slo\u017eeno z\u00a0r\u016fznorod\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, vypadalo centralistick\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed jako jedin\u00e1 cesta k\u00a0vytvo\u0159en\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 jednotn\u00e9 ukrajinsk\u00e9 identity, kter\u00e1 by se t\u00fdkala z\u00e1padu zem\u011b stejn\u011b jako v\u00fdchodu. K\u00a0tomu ov\u0161em nedo\u0161lo: \u010d\u00e1st v\u00fdchodu a\u00a0Krym t\u00edhly p\u0159irozen\u011b k\u00a0Rusku, na z\u00e1pad\u011b se zase rodila pod vlivem navr\u00e1tilc\u016f z\u00a0emigrace \u0161ovinistick\u00e1 radik\u00e1ln\u00ed hnut\u00ed, kter\u00e1 ukrajinstv\u00ed povy\u0161ovala na ideologii, v\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e je povinn\u00e1 nen\u00e1vist v\u016f\u010di Rus\u016fm, Pol\u00e1k\u016fm a\u00a0\u017did\u016fm. Nav\u00edc slabost ukrajinsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu vytvo\u0159en\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 a\u00a0jednotn\u00e9 identity p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nepom\u00e1hala.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Pokud hovo\u0159\u00edme o\u00a0z\u00e1padoukrajinsk\u00fdch regionech, ob\u010das se mluv\u00ed o\u00a0tom, \u017ee by o\u00a0n\u011b za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed mohlo m\u00edt z\u00e1jem Polsko. Jak moc hypotetick\u00e9 jsou podle v\u00e1s polsk\u00e9 sny o\u00a0expanzi sm\u011brem ke Lvovu, Volyni, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b a\u017e ke \u201edruh\u00e9mu mo\u0159i\u201c, o\u00a0kter\u00e9m v\u00a0polsk\u00fdch nacionalistick\u00fdch kruz\u00edch ob\u010das padne zasn\u011bn\u00e1 zm\u00ednka?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tyto pl\u00e1ny mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u00a0polsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed mohou n\u011bkoho napadnout, ale bylo by to velmi nerozumn\u00e9. Pokud by Polsko anektovalo n\u011bjak\u00e1 z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed, odpov\u011bd\u00ed by byla zaryt\u00e1 nen\u00e1vist p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm \u010d\u00e1sti m\u00edstn\u00edho ukrajinsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva \u2013 a\u00a0to by p\u0159ineslo Polsku v\u00edce probl\u00e9m\u016f ne\u017e prosp\u011bchu. Takov\u00e9 expanzivn\u00ed snahy m\u011bly smysl je\u0161t\u011b po\u00a0prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, kdy v\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti \u017eily miliony Pol\u00e1k\u016f, ov\u0161em dnes po\u00a0etnick\u00fdch \u010distk\u00e1ch a\u00a0v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00e1ch kolem roku 1945 zbyly z\u00a0m\u00edstn\u00ed polsk\u00e9 men\u0161iny \u017ealostn\u00e9 zbytky.<\/p>\n<p>Jinou v\u011bc\u00ed je snaha Polska vytvo\u0159it jak\u00fdsi \u201ejagellonsk\u00fd\u201c projekt, kter\u00fd by zahrnul Polsko, Ukrajinu, zem\u011b Pobalt\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b Gruzii do jak\u00e9hosi spojeneck\u00e9ho bloku, kter\u00fd by byl hr\u00e1z\u00ed proti Rusku. Takov\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny m\u011bl ji\u017e Pi\u0142sudski, nicm\u00e9n\u011b ztroskotaly. Domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee i\u00a0dnes by takov\u00fd projekt \u201eTrojmo\u0159\u00ed\u201c nebyl p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee pro Polsko je dnes vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed diplomacie, kter\u00e1 b\u00fdv\u00e1 naz\u00fdv\u00e1na \u201epiastovsk\u00e1\u201c, tedy zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na spolupr\u00e1ci ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b a\u00a0obez\u0159etnost v\u016f\u010di prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 hegemonie v\u00a0tomto prostoru.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BJ_IQTRqh5U?si=OHAbOfuqGe3hPjh5\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\" data-origwidth=\"560\" data-origheight=\"315\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Voly\u0148sk\u00fd masakr a\u00a0ud\u00e1losti z\u00a0druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky celkov\u011b jsou dodnes velmi problematick\u00fdm bodem ve vztaz\u00edch Polska a\u00a0Ukrajiny. Jak moc velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m tyto historick\u00e9 k\u0159ivdy p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee st\u00e1le dost velk\u00fd. Pro Pol\u00e1ky je tato d\u011bsiv\u011b krvav\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed dosud neuzav\u0159enou a\u00a0chov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti ukrajinsk\u00e9 elity ohledn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00ednek masakru \u2013 t\u0159eba na z\u00e1pad\u011b Ukrajiny \u2013 n\u011bkdy vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00e9 pobou\u0159en\u00ed. Ot\u0159esnou zku\u0161enost v\u00a0tomto sm\u011bru nap\u0159\u00edklad popsal jeden z\u00a0polsk\u00fdch prezidentsk\u00fdch kandid\u00e1t\u016f v\u00a0ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch, S\u0142awomir Mentzen \u2013 a\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st polsk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed i\u00a0polsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti na to bou\u0159liv\u011b reagovala.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Glorifikace vin\u00edk\u016f voly\u0148sk\u00e9ho masakru a\u00a0v\u016fbec p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f Ukrajinsk\u00e9 povstaleck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy \u010di\u00a0Banderova k\u0159\u00eddla Organizace ukrajinsk\u00fdch nacionalist\u016f na sou\u010dasn\u00e9 Ukrajin\u011b zna\u010dn\u011b sni\u017euje podporu polsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Ukrajinc\u016fm b\u011bhem rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010cty\u0159icetimilionov\u00e9 Polsko podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch u\u017e nyn\u00ed m\u00e1 nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed arm\u00e1du v\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9 unii. Nav\u00edc zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 velmi dynamick\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd r\u016fst a\u00a0velk\u00fd civiliza\u010dn\u00ed skok. Jak\u00e9 ambice m\u016f\u017eeme o\u010dek\u00e1vat od Polska, pokud se stane plnohodnotnou region\u00e1ln\u00ed velmoc\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>To je velk\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka. Domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee pokud by Polsko cht\u011blo p\u0159ekro\u010dit r\u00e1mec st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce a\u00a0vystupovat jako hegemon, a\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edvat k\u00a0tomu dokonce svoji arm\u00e1du, dopust\u00ed se fat\u00e1ln\u00ed chyby a\u00a0p\u0159ivol\u00e1 katastrofu na sebe i\u00a0na sv\u00e9 okol\u00ed. Kooperace st\u0159edoevropsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f bez snahy ovl\u00e1dat jeden druh\u00e9ho je toti\u017e naprosto nezbytn\u00e1 proto, aby zdej\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1ty a\u00a0n\u00e1rody v\u016fbec p\u0159e\u017eily \u2013 jejich vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 h\u00e1dky o\u00a0to, co komu pat\u0159\u00ed a\u00a0kdo je d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, v\u017edy vedou k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee z\u00a0nich t\u011b\u017e\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e1 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed velmoc, a\u0165 u\u017e je na jak\u00e9koliv sv\u011btov\u00e9 stran\u011b, nebo\u0165 ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b se v\u016f\u010di zdej\u0161\u00edm st\u00e1t\u016fm v\u017edy pou\u017e\u00edvala taktika \u201erozd\u011bl a\u00a0panuj\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Nicm\u00e9n\u011b sou\u010dasn\u00e9 polsk\u00e9 ambice jsou limitov\u00e1ny z\u00e1vislost\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed politick\u00e9 elity na z\u00e1padn\u00edch velmoc\u00edch: zat\u00edmco Ob\u010dansk\u00e1 platforma Donalda Tuska p\u016fsob\u00ed trochu jako agentura n\u011bmeck\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f, Pr\u00e1vo a\u00a0spravedlnost n\u00e1sleduje z\u00e1jmy americk\u00e9 administrativy. V\u00a0takov\u00e9m rozlo\u017een\u00ed sil m\u00e1 polsk\u00fd st\u00e1t sp\u00ed\u0161e probl\u00e9m udr\u017eet si vlastn\u00ed suverenitu \u2013 stejn\u011b jako ostatn\u00ed st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty \u2013 ne\u017e si budovat n\u011bjak\u00e9 velmocensk\u00e9 postaven\u00ed.<\/p>\n<section class=\"section-brown section-inarticle related-articles\"><strong>Publicistka a\u00a0n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed europarlamentn\u00ed asistentka Lucie Sulovsk\u00e1 v\u00a0minul\u00fdch dnech \u010delila kritice nejen kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 cest\u011b za soukrom\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem do Ruska, ale i\u00a0za to, \u017ee provozuje o\u00a0Rusku podcast Kavi\u00e1rov\u00e9 tousty, ve kter\u00e9m p\u0159edstavuje osobnosti rusk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny a\u00a0jejich n\u00e1zory, co\u017e je podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch propagace \u201enep\u0159\u00edtele\u201c. Zaj\u00edmalo by m\u011b, zda jako badatel v\u00a0oboru slavistiky m\u00e1te podobn\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti, \u017ee na v\u00e1s n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 koukaj\u00ed v\u00a0posledn\u00edch t\u0159ech letech podez\u00edrav\u011b jen proto, \u017ee se akademicky v\u011bnujete Rusku, sledujete tamn\u00ed d\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0zab\u00fdv\u00e1te se analyticky n\u00e1zory a\u00a0pohledy tamn\u00edch politik\u016f?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p>\u00a0Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee sle\u010dna Sulovsk\u00e1 ud\u011blala to nejlep\u0161\u00ed, co mohla \u2013 m\u00edsto teoretizov\u00e1n\u00ed se sezn\u00e1mila s\u00a0Ruskem p\u0159\u00edmo a\u00a0bezprost\u0159edn\u011b. Jak\u00e9koliv \u00fatoky sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o\u00a0jedin\u00e9m \u2013 o\u00a0n\u00edzkosti, hlouposti \u010di\u00a0ideologick\u00e9 zaslepenosti.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Co se t\u00fd\u010de podez\u00edravosti: nen\u00ed to ot\u00e1zka posledn\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed let. Rusistika, p\u0159\u00edp. slavistika jsou pro mnoh\u00e9 podivn\u00fdmi \u010di\u00a0podez\u0159el\u00fdmi v\u011bdami po\u00a0cel\u00e9 polistopadov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed \u2013 a\u00a0podle toho vypad\u00e1 i\u00a0stav t\u011bchto obor\u016f u\u00a0n\u00e1s. Setkal jsem se i\u00a0s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee pohrd\u00e1n\u00ed slavistikou vedlo k\u00a0jej\u00edmu zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed jako plnohodnotn\u00e9ho v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho oboru \u2013 takov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup nakonec vede k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee se pak slavistick\u00e1 pracovi\u0161t\u011b ru\u0161\u00ed, v\u0161elijak spojuj\u00ed, sl\u00e9vaj\u00ed a\u00a0nakonec zanikaj\u00ed. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee se o\u00a0slavistice mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm obyvatelstvem nic nev\u00ed a\u00a0nejednou jsem musel vysv\u011btlovat, \u010d\u00edm se vlastn\u011b zab\u00fdv\u00e1m a\u00a0co je obsahem toho podivn\u00e9ho slova, kter\u00e9 zn\u00ed jako ozna\u010den\u00ed fotbalov\u00fdch fanou\u0161k\u016f.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Tato ignorance a\u00a0podez\u00edrav\u00e9 opovr\u017een\u00ed pak \u0159adu rusist\u016f a\u00a0slavist\u016f vedly k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee se ve snaze udr\u017eet p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0akademick\u00e9m a\u00a0intelektu\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed ve \u201eslu\u0161n\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti\u201c za\u010dali stylizovat do t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u016f\u010di Rusku (p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v\u016f\u010di Balk\u00e1nu, slovanstv\u00ed apod.) zast\u00e1vaj\u00ed ty \u201espr\u00e1vn\u00e9\u201c spole\u010densk\u00e9 a\u00a0politick\u00e9 postoje, nen\u00e1vid\u00ed Putina, miluj\u00ed ruskou opozici, studuj\u00ed Rusko jako sv\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00edtele, protestuj\u00ed proti potla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed se jen o\u00a0jak\u00e9si undergroundov\u00e9 bizarnosti v\u00a0rusk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e atd.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Je pak pozoruhodn\u00e9 vid\u011bt nap\u0159.\u00a0rusisty, kte\u0159\u00ed nen\u00e1vid\u00ed Rusy a\u00a0Rusko, \u010di\u00a0balkanisty, kte\u0159\u00ed demonstrativn\u011b pohrdaj\u00ed Balk\u00e1nem, \u010di\u00a0polonisty, kte\u0159\u00ed zdvihaj\u00ed o\u010di v\u00a0sloup nad polsk\u00fdm katolicismem. Ale n\u011bkter\u00fdm tato strategie vy\u0161la a\u00a0dnes jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za ty tzv.\u00a0experty, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 r\u00e1do akademick\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed i\u00a0m\u00e9dia. V\u00a0nich v\u0161ak op\u011bt musej\u00ed opakovat \u201espr\u00e1vn\u00e9\u201c postoje a\u00a0n\u00e1zory \u2013 to je da\u0148 za spole\u010denskou p\u0159ijatelnost.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.novarepublika.cz\/2025\/07\/docent-tera-odpor-k-rusku-se-u-nas-pestuje-35-let-opakovani-spravnych-nazoru-vam-otevira-dvere\">Doc. Mgr.\u00a0<strong>Michal T\u00e9ra<\/strong>,<\/a> Ph.D. (1976)<\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><em>Historik a\u00a0slavista, zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed se badatelsky na kulturn\u00ed, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0politick\u00e9 d\u011bjiny slovansk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f. Je autorem a\u00a0spoluautorem n\u011bkolika historick\u00fdch monografi\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159ekladatelem z\u00a0ru\u0161tiny a\u00a0pol\u0161tiny. V\u00a0roce 2022 vyvolala rozruch jeho kniha Zapomenut\u00fd ostrov: Z\u00e1pad, Rusko, st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropa a\u00a0ot\u00e1zka na\u0161\u00ed identity,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ceskatelevize.cz\/porady\/10150778447-historie-cs\/223411058220029\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">kterou h\u00e1jil p\u0159ed ostrou kritikou<\/a>\u00a0v po\u0159adu Historie.cs.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/article>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201eOdpor k\u00a0Rus\u016fm, Rusku a\u00a0v\u0161emu rusk\u00e9mu se stal jedn\u00edm z\u00a0hlavn\u00edch spole\u010densk\u00fdch stereotyp\u016f, s\u00a0nimi\u017e \u017eila polistopadov\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e1&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":84485,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,22,114],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84484"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=84484"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84484\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":84486,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84484\/revisions\/84486"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/84485"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=84484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=84484"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=84484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}