{"id":84431,"date":"2025-07-28T00:12:46","date_gmt":"2025-07-27T22:12:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=84431"},"modified":"2025-07-27T16:41:07","modified_gmt":"2025-07-27T14:41:07","slug":"studie-vaping-muze-ovlivnit-tvar-lebky-nenarozenych-deti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/07\/28\/studie-vaping-muze-ovlivnit-tvar-lebky-nenarozenych-deti\/","title":{"rendered":"Studie: Vaping m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit tvar lebky nenarozen\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Kou\u0159en\u00ed b\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed je obecn\u011b spojov\u00e1no s negativn\u00edmi zdravotn\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky na nenarozen\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b. Nov\u011b publikovan\u00e1 studie nyn\u00ed nazna\u010duje z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 poruchy zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slo\u017ekou vaporiza\u010dn\u00ed kapaliny. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee vaporiz\u00e9ry bez nikotinu jsou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b tak\u00e9 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Elektronick\u00e9 cigarety, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako vape, jsou nyn\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9. Stejn\u011b jako tradi\u010dn\u00ed cigarety v\u0161ak zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9my nejen samotn\u00fdm prim\u00e1rn\u00edm u\u017eivatel\u016fm, ale i nenarozen\u00fdm d\u011btem v d\u011bloze. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pozoruhodn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj odhalila studie na zv\u00ed\u0159atech s n\u00e1zvem \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Vystaven\u00ed nosi\u010d\u016fm elektronick\u00fdch cigaret in utero m\u011bn\u00ed kraniofaci\u00e1ln\u00ed morfologii<\/span><\/a> \u201c, publikovan\u00e1 v renomovan\u00e9m \u010dasopise PLOS One. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee jedna z hlavn\u00edch slo\u017eek nosn\u00e9 tekutiny pro vaporiz\u00e9ry m\u016f\u017ee naru\u0161it fyzick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj plod\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00edmi slo\u017ekami kapalin do vaporiz\u00e9r\u016f jsou obvykle zvlh\u010dovadlo \u2013 nosi\u010d, kter\u00fd tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu kapaliny, obvykle propylenglykol a glycerol (zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako rostlinn\u00fd glycerin) \u2013 v kombinaci s nikotinem a tak\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e1 aromata a sladidla. Studie veden\u00e1 anatomem Jamesem Crayem z L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 fakulty Ohio State University si kladla za c\u00edl stanovit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed linii pro \u00fa\u010dinky nosi\u010d\u016f na t\u011blo. C\u00edlem bylo vyu\u017e\u00edt tyto poznatky pro dal\u0161\u00ed studie \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm nikotinu a\/nebo aromat \u2013 k ur\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e1 l\u00e1tka m\u00e1 jak\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jedna l\u00e1tka zejm\u00e9na <\/span>vynik\u00e1<\/span><\/h3>\n

Cray a jeho t\u00fdm vytvo\u0159ili dv\u011b jednoduch\u00e9 sm\u011bsi propylenglykolu a glycerinu. Jedna obsahovala sm\u011bs 50\/50, druh\u00e1 30\/70. Proto\u017ee bylo d\u0159\u00edve zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee propylenglykol zvy\u0161uje vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nikotinu, mnoho spole\u010dnost\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>podle Craye<\/span><\/a> p\u0159e\u0161lo na sm\u011bsi s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00edm glycerinu, \u201eaby je prezentovaly jako bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativu\u201c. Zd\u00e1 se v\u0161ak, \u017ee tomu tak nen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u0159ez\u00ed my\u0161i byly rozd\u011bleny do t\u0159\u00ed skupin, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 byla vystavena bu\u010f jedn\u00e9 ze dvou sm\u011bs\u00ed pro vaping, nebo jednodu\u0161e \u010derstv\u00e9mu vzduchu. My\u0161i, kter\u00e9 byly nuceny vdechovat \u201ep\u00e1ru\u201c z vapingu, byly t\u011bmto sm\u011bs\u00edm vystaveny po dobu jednoho potahu za minutu po dobu \u010dty\u0159 hodin denn\u011b, p\u011bt dn\u00ed v t\u00fddnu, a to i b\u011bhem b\u0159ezosti. Celkem tak vzniklo 21 vrh\u016f se 140 my\u0161\u00edmi ml\u00e1\u010faty. \u010ctrn\u00e1ct dn\u00ed po narozen\u00ed byla my\u0161\u00ed ml\u00e1\u010fata utracena, jejich lebky byly detailn\u011b zm\u011b\u0159eny a naskenov\u00e1ny pro 3D rekonstrukci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cray\u016fv t\u00fdm sice o\u010dek\u00e1val, \u017ee tekutina 30\/70 bude m\u00edt m\u00e9n\u011b negativn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f na kraniofaci\u00e1ln\u00ed formov\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e sm\u011bs 50\/50, ale byl pozorov\u00e1n p\u0159esn\u00fd opak. \u201eSm\u011bs 50\/50 nevykazovala \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dramatick\u00e9 statistick\u00e9 zm\u011bny \u2013 a p\u0159esn\u011b tam jsme rozd\u00edl o\u010dek\u00e1vali. Mysleli jsme si, \u017ee v\u00edce propylenglykolu zp\u016fsob\u00ed v\u00edce \u00fa\u010dink\u016f, ale byl to p\u0159esn\u011b opak,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Cray.<\/span><\/p>\n

Men\u0161\u00ed lebky a obli\u010deje<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s ostatn\u00edmi skupinami m\u011bli potomci matek vystaven\u00fdch sm\u011bsi 30\/70 b\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b men\u0161\u00ed lebky a obli\u010deje \u2013 a to jak na \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku, tak na d\u00e9lku \u2013 a tak\u00e9 krat\u0161\u00ed nosy. \u201eVid\u00edme konzistentn\u00ed zu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech rys\u016f obli\u010deje a to pokra\u010duje i v lebce. Celkov\u011b jsou tedy u\u017e\u0161\u00ed a maj\u00ed o n\u011bco krat\u0161\u00ed hlavu, co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 pozorovateln\u00e9 zm\u011bny u d\u011bt\u00ed,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Cray. Skupina vystaven\u00e1 sm\u011bsi 30\/70 m\u011bla tak\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed t\u011blesnou hmotnost ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed, ale st\u00e1le se pohybovala v norm\u00e1ln\u00edm rozmez\u00ed pro my\u0161i tohoto v\u011bku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stanoven\u00ed zdravotn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f vapov\u00e1n\u00ed je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. Z etick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bt takov\u00e9 testy p\u0159\u00edmo na lidech; dlouhodob\u00e9 studie, ve kter\u00fdch v\u011bdci pozoruj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky vapov\u00e1n\u00ed na st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed u\u017eivatele, zaberou \u010das. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed na zv\u00ed\u0159atech je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za eti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a \u010dasov\u011b efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale jeho v\u00fdsledky \u2013 a to i u \u201ehumanizovan\u00fdch\u201c my\u0161\u00ed \u2013 nejsou v\u017edy p\u0159enositeln\u00e9 na \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkum v\u0161ak nazna\u010duje, \u017ee i beznikotinov\u00e9 vaporiz\u00e9ry \u2013 kter\u00e9 jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za alternativu pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny \u2013 mohou m\u00edt v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na nenarozen\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b v d\u011bloze, zejm\u00e9na pokud nast\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed matka \u010dasto kou\u0159\u00ed, a proto vdechuje v\u00edce t\u011bchto chemick\u00fdch slou\u010denin.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kou\u0159en\u00ed b\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed je obecn\u011b spojov\u00e1no s negativn\u00edmi zdravotn\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky na nenarozen\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b. Nov\u011b publikovan\u00e1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":84432,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[245,2317,8889],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84431"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=84431"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84431\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/84432"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=84431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=84431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=84431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}