{"id":84340,"date":"2025-07-26T04:27:40","date_gmt":"2025-07-26T02:27:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=84340"},"modified":"2025-07-26T04:27:40","modified_gmt":"2025-07-26T02:27:40","slug":"patrick-lawrence-washington-se-pousti-do-brics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/07\/26\/patrick-lawrence-washington-se-pousti-do-brics\/","title":{"rendered":"Patrick Lawrence: Washington se pou\u0161t\u00ed do BRICS"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
No, trvalo to dost dlouho, ne\u017e si B\u00edl\u00fd d\u016fm a politick\u00e9 kliky v\u016fbec v\u0161imly existence BRICS, skupiny ne z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00ed pojmenovan\u00e9 podle sv\u00fdch prvn\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n
Po mnoho let pot\u00e9, co se Braz\u00edlie, Rusko, Indie, \u010c\u00edna a Ji\u017en\u00ed Afrika spojily a vytvo\u0159ily tuto volnou, ale impozantn\u00ed asociaci, se v posledn\u00edch letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed zd\u00e1lo, jako by se Washington sna\u017eil tuto skupinu a v\u0161e, co p\u0159edstavovala, vymazat z existence.<\/p>\n

A pod\u00edvejte se te\u010f. Prvn\u00ed v\u011bc, kterou Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty ud\u011blaly, kdy\u017e uznaly BRICS, jej\u00ed\u017e \u010dlensk\u00e9 zem\u011b v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b \u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed 11 a jejich po\u010det st\u00e1le roste, bylo ozn\u00e1men\u00ed, \u017ee potrestaj\u00ed zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 k n\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed, za to, \u017ee k n\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku tohoto m\u011bs\u00edce prezident Donald Trump \u2013 v\u017edy ten, kdo se dopou\u0161t\u00ed takov\u00fdch hloupost\u00ed \u2013 ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee uval\u00ed pau\u0161\u00e1ln\u00ed cla ve v\u00fd\u0161i 10 procent na v\u0161echny \u010dleny BRICS \u2013 hrozbu, kterou zopakoval o dva t\u00fddny pozd\u011bji s p\u0159\u00edslibem dal\u0161\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, pokud se \u010dlenov\u00e9 skupiny rozhodnou uplatnit svou suverenitu ve prosp\u011bch spole\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f.<\/p>\n

Trump k t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce 6. \u010dervence \u0159ekl:<\/p>\n

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\u201eKdy\u017e jsem se dozv\u011bd\u011bl o t\u00e9to skupin\u011b BRICS, v podstat\u011b \u0161esti zem\u00edch [sic], velmi tvrd\u011b jsem na n\u011b zareagoval. A pokud se n\u011bkdy skute\u010dn\u011b smyslupln\u011b sjednot\u00ed, velmi rychle to skon\u010d\u00ed. Nikdy nedovol\u00edme, aby si s n\u00e1mi n\u011bkdo hr\u00e1l.\u201c<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Jak\u00fd je to p\u0159\u00edklad st\u00e1tnictv\u00ed sebev\u011bdom\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda?<\/p>\n

Toto projevov\u00e1n\u00ed pubert\u00e1ln\u00ed impulzivity se \u010dasov\u011b shodovalo s otev\u0159en\u00edm 17. summitu skupiny BRICS, kter\u00fd se konal 6. a 7. \u010dervence v Riu de Janeiru, kde Braz\u00edlie v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b zast\u00e1v\u00e1 rotuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed skupiny.<\/p>\n

Na po\u0159adu jedn\u00e1n\u00ed byly obvykl\u00e9 body pro tyto p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti: obchod a investice, inkluzivn\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed spr\u00e1va v\u011bc\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch, glob\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed architektura. Leto\u0161n\u00ed summit tak\u00e9 odsoudil izraelsko-americk\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1nu t\u0159i t\u00fddny p\u0159ed zased\u00e1n\u00edm jako \u201eporu\u0161en\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va\u201c.<\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 Trump pro jednou p\u0159e\u010detl briefingov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 CIA ka\u017ed\u00e9 r\u00e1no doru\u010duje do Ov\u00e1ln\u00e9 pracovny, a vid\u011bl, co se chyst\u00e1, proto\u017ee okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159istoupil k velmi tvrd\u00e9mu druh\u00e9mu \u00faderu. Tady je na Truth Social, sv\u00e9m digit\u00e1ln\u00edm megafonu, je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e l\u00edd\u0159i BRICS opustili sv\u00e9 hotely:<\/p>\n

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\u201eKa\u017ed\u00e1 zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159ipoj\u00ed k protiamerick\u00e9 politice BRICS, bude zat\u00ed\u017eena DODATE\u010cN\u00ddM 10% clem. Z t\u00e9to politiky nebudou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdjimky.\u201c<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Tak neohraban\u00e9, tak mimo m\u00edsu, tak naprosto nev\u011bdom\u00e9 toho, kde se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ru\u010di\u010dky historick\u00fdch hodin. Je legra\u010dn\u00ed, jak \u010dasto se to, co imperium v pozdn\u00ed f\u00e1zi zam\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed jako projev s\u00edly, uk\u00e1\u017ee jako projev nejistoty, slabosti a impotence.<\/p>\n

Zde mus\u00edm opravit, a to ne poprv\u00e9, nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed mezi americk\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 je tak b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee jsem do\u0161el k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee je \u00famysln\u00e9. BRICS jako skupina nikdy ne\u0159ekla, neud\u011blala ani nezast\u00e1vala nic, co by bylo protiamerick\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Tato skupina usiluje o vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na rovnosti, spole\u010dn\u00e9m blahu a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu. Uv\u00edtala by \u00fa\u010dast v\u0161ech n\u00e1rod\u016f na tomto sv\u011btov\u011b historick\u00e9m projektu, zejm\u00e9na pak USA a dal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00edch mocnost\u00ed, vzhledem k jejich kapit\u00e1lu a technologii.<\/p>\n

Je protiamerick\u00e1 pouze v tom smyslu, \u017ee se stav\u00ed proti hegemonii a \u2013 jin\u00fdmi slovy \u2013 v tom smyslu, \u017ee Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty stoj\u00ed v ostr\u00e9m protikladu ke v\u0161em t\u0159em v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdm princip\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Jsem p\u0159ekvapen, jak velk\u00e1 je nejistota Washingtonu v souvislosti s pokrokem zem\u00ed BRICS, zejm\u00e9na vzhledem k vla\u017en\u00fdm ohlas\u016fm, kter\u00e9 summit v Riu sklidil od koment\u00e1tor\u016f nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d politick\u00fdm spektrem.<\/p>\n

Lydia Polgreen, kolumnistka New York Times,\u00a0ozna\u010dila<\/a>\u00a0prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed ze summitu v Riu za \u201eslabo\u0161sk\u00e1\u201c. Skupina odsoudila bombov\u00e9 \u00fatoky v \u00cdr\u00e1nu, ale nejmenovala konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed osoby, argumentovala Polgreen.<\/p>\n

Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b Chas Freeman, v\u00fdznamn\u00fd emeritn\u00ed velvyslanec, poskytl zaj\u00edmav\u00fd\u00a0rozhovor<\/a>\u00a0Glennu Diesenovi p\u0159ed 10 dny pod titulkem \u201eStar\u00fd sv\u011bt um\u00edr\u00e1 a nov\u00fd sv\u011bt se sna\u017e\u00ed zrodit\u201c.Freeman pochv\u00e1lil BRICS za jej\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy, mezi nimi\u017e je i vytvo\u0159en\u00ed alternativn\u00edch finan\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, Nov\u00e1 rozvojov\u00e1 banka, zalo\u017een\u00e1 v roce 2012, co\u017e je jej\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch. Ale podle m\u00e9ho v\u00fdkladu jeho pozn\u00e1mek Freeman kritizoval skupinu za to, \u017ee nejedn\u00e1 v\u00edce ve shod\u011b \u2013 \u017ee se v\u00edce neprosazuje v geopolitick\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech.<\/p>\n

Jadern\u00e1 dohoda Ruska a \u00cdr\u00e1nu<\/h2>\n

V t\u00e9to souvislosti m\u011b zaujala\u00a0zpr\u00e1va The Times<\/a>\u00a0z Lond\u00fdna ze 13. \u010dervence s titulkem \u201ePro\u010d Putin tla\u010d\u00ed Teher\u00e1n k Trumpov\u011b jadern\u00e9 dohod\u011b?\u201c \u201eRusko tla\u010d\u00ed na \u00cdr\u00e1n,\u201c napsal Tom Parfitt, \u201eaby p\u0159ijal dohodu, kter\u00e1 mu up\u00edr\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo obohacovat uran pro jak\u00e9koli \u00fa\u010dely.\u201c<\/p>\n

Je to dobr\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed necel\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc po tom, co dnes naz\u00fdv\u00e1me dvan\u00e1ctidenn\u00ed v\u00e1lkou proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n

Parfitt citoval d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu v Axios a poznamenal: \u201eOdborn\u00edci uvedli, \u017ee Moskva pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b tla\u010d\u00ed na dohodu, proto\u017ee se ob\u00e1v\u00e1 rozpadu \u00cdr\u00e1nu pod nov\u00fdm \u00fatokem, kter\u00fd by mohl ohrozit ekonomick\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy Ruska.\u201c<\/p>\n

V t\u00e9 dob\u011b nebylo jasn\u00e9, co si \u00cdr\u00e1n mysl\u00ed o rad\u011b Moskvy v t\u00e9to v\u011bci, ale nyn\u00ed se to zd\u00e1 jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed:\u00a0\u00cdr\u00e1n se nyn\u00ed p\u0159ipravuje na obnoven\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0o sv\u00e9m jadern\u00e9m programu, kter\u00e1 se budou konat tento p\u00e1tek s Brit\u00e1ni\u00ed, Franci\u00ed a N\u011bmeckem, signat\u00e1\u0159i dohody, od kter\u00e9 USA odstoupily b\u011bhem prvn\u00edho funk\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed Donalda Trumpa v roce 2018. To je t\u0159eba br\u00e1t jednodu\u0161e jako sond\u00e1\u017e, zda je mo\u017en\u00e9 obnovit jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s Washingtonem.<\/p>\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee \u00cdr\u00e1n je \u010dlenem BRICS a \u017ee Moskva a Teher\u00e1n v lednu lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku podepsaly \u0161irok\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed, jsou ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 se v t\u00e9to souvislosti nab\u00edzej\u00ed, z\u0159ejm\u00e9. Co BRICS je a co nen\u00ed, nebo zat\u00edm nen\u00ed? Co od sebe navz\u00e1jem o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed a co by od nich m\u011bl o\u010dek\u00e1vat zbytek sv\u011bta?<\/p>\n

Se sv\u00fdm sou\u010dasn\u00fdm \u010dlenstv\u00edm a bez zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed asi tuctu \u201epartnersk\u00fdch zem\u00ed\u201c tvo\u0159\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 BRICS n\u011bco m\u00e1lo p\u0159es 40 procent sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u00fd pod\u00edl na sv\u011btov\u00e9 produkci m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 paritou kupn\u00ed s\u00edly, v obchod\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako PPP. T\u0159i z jeho \u010dlen\u016f, \u010c\u00edna, Indie a Braz\u00edlie, pat\u0159\u00ed mezi 10 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ekonomik sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n

Dob\u0159e, ale hned si ujasn\u011bme n\u00e1\u0161 referen\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1mec. Jedn\u00e1 se o skupinu, jej\u00ed\u017e spole\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy jsou v z\u00e1sad\u011b ekonomick\u00e9, nikoli strategick\u00e9 nebo geopolitick\u00e9. Tak tomu bylo od sam\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00e1tku. N\u00e1zev BRICS vymyslel ekonom spole\u010dnosti Goldman Sachs, kter\u00fd se specializoval na zem\u011b se st\u0159edn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edjmy, tzv. rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se trhy.<\/p>\n

Rozmanit\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 modely<\/h2>\n

Kdy\u017e jsem poprv\u00e9 za\u010dal uva\u017eovat o BRICS, vr\u00e1tily se mi na mysl star\u00e9 Nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 hnut\u00ed, zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 se na konci 50. a na po\u010d\u00e1tku 60. let sjednotily kolem slavn\u00fdch\u00a0p\u011bti princip\u016f \u010cou En-laje<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 \u00fazemn\u00ed celistvost a suverenita, ne\u00fato\u010den\u00ed, nezasahov\u00e1n\u00ed do vnit\u0159n\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed jin\u00fdch, spolupr\u00e1ce pro vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd prosp\u011bch, m\u00edrov\u00e9 sou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Hnut\u00ed nez\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch zem\u00ed bylo ve sv\u00e9 podstat\u011b politick\u00e9, nikoli ekonomick\u00e9. Zem\u011b BRICS sd\u00edlej\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto hodnot, ale ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s hnut\u00edm nez\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch zem\u00ed nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou politickou dimenzi.<\/p>\n

Dnes je jin\u00e1 doba. Hnut\u00ed nez\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch zem\u00ed bylo reakc\u00ed na rozvratn\u00e9 bin\u00e1rn\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Odr\u00e1\u017eelo spole\u010dn\u00e9 aspirace sv\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f, z nich\u017e mnoz\u00ed byli nov\u011b nez\u00e1visl\u00ed, na jednu \u010di druhou formu soci\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie. Nap\u0159\u00edklad zna\u010dn\u00e1 role st\u00e1tu v procesu rozvoje byla v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b samoz\u0159ejmost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Naproti tomu v r\u00e1mci BRICS existuje velmi rozmanit\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la ekonomick\u00fdch model\u016f. Existuje jedna nebo druh\u00e1 forma st\u00e1tn\u00edho kapitalismu \u2013 sem m\u016f\u017eeme za\u0159adit \u010c\u00ednu a Rusko \u2013, ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z \u010dlen\u016f nen\u00ed otev\u0159en\u011b socialistick\u00fd. Krom\u011b toho od dob star\u00e9ho NAM pro\u0161lo mnoho neoliber\u00e1ln\u00ed ideologie.<\/p>\n

Michael Hudson, vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed ekonom,\u00a0poskytl<\/a>\u00a0ned\u00e1vno hodinov\u00fd rozhovor, rovn\u011b\u017e s Glennem Diesenem, pod n\u00e1zvem \u201eEkonomika civiliza\u010dn\u00edho konfliktu\u201c.<\/p>\n

V n\u011bm Hudson p\u0159ipomn\u011bl, \u017ee \u010dlenov\u00e9 BRICS maj\u00ed obvykle dob\u0159e rozvinut\u00e9 kapitalistick\u00e9 elity, \u010dasto vzd\u011blan\u00e9 v americk\u00fdch instituc\u00edch, \u010dasto stoupence tr\u017en\u011b fundamentalistick\u00fdch ideologi\u00ed a d\u016fkladn\u011b investovan\u00e9 do neoliber\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du.<\/p>\n

Hudson, abych mluvil osobn\u011b, ukon\u010dil mou nostalgickou cestu: Nem\u00e1 smysl hledat v BRICS v\u011bci \u2013 z\u00e1m\u011bry, c\u00edle, odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013, kter\u00e9 tam prost\u011b nejsou. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed spr\u00e1va, autorita mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, Nov\u00e1 rozvojov\u00e1 banka, snahy o de-dolarizaci obchodu: Ano, ano, ano a ano. To v\u0161e je dobr\u00e9 a v z\u00e1sad\u011b slou\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edm z\u00e1jm\u016fm jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f.<\/p>\n

Vid\u00edm mnoho dobr\u00e9ho, co BRICS p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed, jak p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho sv\u011btov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du. Ale nevid\u00edm \u201eblok\u201c, jakkoli \u010dasto ho tak naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed ti, kte\u0159\u00ed o t\u00e9to skupin\u011b v\u011bd\u00ed m\u00e1lo. Nevid\u00edm sekretari\u00e1t, strategick\u00e9 aliance (na rozd\u00edl od partnerstv\u00ed), vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 smlouvy, ani mnoho n\u00e1znak\u016f vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 pomoci.<\/p>\n

Ne\u010dek\u00e1m, \u017ee z t\u011bchto zem\u00ed usly\u0161\u00edm to kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 star\u00e9 slovo \u201esolidarita\u201c nebo \u201esolidaridad\u201c nebo \u201esolidarit\u00e9\u201c nebo jak se to \u0159ekne v jak\u00e9mkoli jin\u00e9m jazyce.<\/p>\n

\u010cek\u00e1m na n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho, ano, ale je\u0161t\u011b v\u00e1m nemohu \u0159\u00edct, co to je. Nyn\u00ed se mus\u00edme d\u00edvat dop\u0159edu, minulost n\u00e1m jako vod\u00edtko moc nepom\u016f\u017ee.<\/p>\n

Toto n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho se objev\u00ed, v nejlep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b: nazna\u010duje to sm\u011br d\u011bjin. Ale zat\u00edm o tom nen\u00ed ani n\u00e1znak, ani mezi ne z\u00e1padn\u00edmi n\u00e1rody.<\/p>\n

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Washington Takes on the BRICS<\/a> vy\u0161el 24.7.2025 na unz.com. P\u0159eklad Zv\u011bdavec<\/a><\/p>\n

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No, trvalo to dost dlouho, ne\u017e si B\u00edl\u00fd d\u016fm a politick\u00e9 kliky v\u016fbec v\u0161imly existence…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":84341,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1161,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84340"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=84340"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84340\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/84341"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=84340"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=84340"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=84340"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}