{"id":83942,"date":"2025-07-21T00:12:55","date_gmt":"2025-07-20T22:12:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=83942"},"modified":"2025-07-20T13:37:52","modified_gmt":"2025-07-20T11:37:52","slug":"nejstarsi-ledove-jadro-v-evrope-prepisuje-historii-klimatu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/07\/21\/nejstarsi-ledove-jadro-v-evrope-prepisuje-historii-klimatu\/","title":{"rendered":"Nejstar\u0161\u00ed ledov\u00e9 j\u00e1dro v Evrop\u011b p\u0159episuje historii klimatu"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Ledov\u00e1 j\u00e1dra z ledovc\u016f a pol\u00e1rn\u00edch oblast\u00ed poskytuj\u00ed hlubok\u00fd vhled do klimatu minul\u00fdch dob. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b ledov\u00e9 j\u00e1dro z Mont Blancu ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch Alp\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 je star\u00e9 nejm\u00e9n\u011b 12 000 let. Jak\u00e9 poznatky n\u00e1m to nab\u00edz\u00ed? Mohou n\u00e1m z\u00edskan\u00e1 data pomoci l\u00e9pe pochopit klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny na Zemi?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ledov\u00e1 j\u00e1dra z hlubin ledovc\u016f jsou jako jak\u00fdsi stroj \u010dasu. Nab\u00edzej\u00ed n\u00e1m vhled do klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek d\u00e1vno minul\u00fdch \u2013 a dokonce i vod\u00edtka k ran\u00fdm lidsk\u00fdm \u010dinnostem. Toto je jeden p\u0159\u00edklad ledov\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra ned\u00e1vno vyt\u011b\u017een\u00e9ho z Mont Blancu ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch Alp\u00e1ch. Je star\u00e9 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 12 000 let a nab\u00edz\u00ed n\u00e1m zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 informace o tom, jak mohla Evropa v t\u00e9 dob\u011b vypadat. V\u00fdsledky studie byly publikov\u00e1ny pod n\u00e1zvem \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Z\u00e1znam alpsk\u00fdch ledov\u00fdch jader o velk\u00fdch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch v prachu, mo\u0159sk\u00e9 soli a biogenn\u00edm aerosolu nad Evropou b\u011bhem odled\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c v renomovan\u00e9m \u010dasopise\u00a0<\/span>PNAS Nexus<\/span><\/em> Oxfordsk\u00e9 univerzity.<\/span><\/p>\n

Objeven\u00e1 p\u0159irozen\u00e1 \u010dasov\u00e1 schr\u00e1nka historie Zem\u011b obsahuje stopy prachu, pylu a aerosol\u016f, kter\u00e9 tam v t\u00e9 dob\u011b cirkulovaly. Pom\u00e1haj\u00ed v\u011bdc\u016fm zkoumat, jak se atmosf\u00e9ra a ekosyst\u00e9my planety m\u011bnily v pr\u016fb\u011bhu tis\u00edc\u016f let. \u010cty\u0159icet metr\u016f dlouh\u00e9 ledov\u00e9 j\u00e1dro z Mont Blancu obsahuje historii nejm\u00e9n\u011b dvan\u00e1cti tis\u00edcilet\u00ed \u2013 a p\u0159edstavuje nejstar\u0161\u00ed ledovcov\u00fd led, jak\u00fd kdy byl v t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti Evropy nalezen.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci cht\u011bj\u00ed tak\u00e9 komplexn\u011b prostudovat tyto vrstvy ledu, aby zp\u0159esnili st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 modely. Kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v tom hraj\u00ed aerosoly \u2013 jako je mo\u0159sk\u00e1 s\u016fl, pou\u0161tn\u00ed p\u00edsek, sope\u010dn\u00e1 s\u00edra, kou\u0159 z lesn\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f a zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky z lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tis\u00edce let ve \u010dty\u0159iceti metrech ledu<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u201ePoprv\u00e9 m\u00e1me k dispozici pom\u011brn\u011b kompletn\u00ed alpsk\u00fd z\u00e1znam o chemii atmosf\u00e9ry a sr\u00e1\u017eek, kter\u00fd sah\u00e1 a\u017e do obdob\u00ed mezolitu,\u201c\u00a0<\/span>\u0159ekl Joe McConnell<\/span><\/a> , \u0159editel laborato\u0159e DRI Ice Core Lab a spoluautor studie. \u201eA to je v\u00fdznamn\u00e9, proto\u017ee existuj\u00ed dva hlavn\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 stavy \u2013 glaci\u00e1ln\u00ed a interglaci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u2013 a z\u00e1znam o chemii atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek v r\u00e1mci t\u00e9to rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny ukazuje nejextr\u00e9mn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed koncentrace p\u0159irozen\u00fdch aerosol\u016f, jak\u00e9 byste o\u010dek\u00e1vali.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Vid\u00edme, \u201ejak lid\u00e9 p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed od lovc\u016f a sb\u011bra\u010d\u016f s velmi mal\u00fdmi populacemi, p\u0159es rozvoj zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, domestikaci zv\u00ed\u0159at, t\u011b\u017ebu atd., k masivn\u00edmu popula\u010dn\u00edmu r\u016fstu a vykl\u00edzen\u00ed p\u016fdy. To v\u0161e se d\u011bje kolem tohoto ledov\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra. Zahrnuje cel\u00e9 spektrum p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch a antropogenn\u00edch zm\u011bn a le\u017e\u00ed v srdci Evropy, kde se vyvinula velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st z\u00e1padn\u00ed civilizace,\u201c pokra\u010doval McConnell.<\/span><\/p>\n

Takov\u00e9 vzorky ledov\u00fdch jader ze st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy jsou pro v\u011bdce obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, proto\u017ee poskytuj\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed vhled do m\u00edstn\u00edho klimatu ne\u017e vzorky nalezen\u00e9 v Arktid\u011b. \u201eLedov\u00e1 j\u00e1dra odebran\u00e1 z ledovc\u016f a ledov\u00fdch \u0161t\u00edt\u016f mohou takov\u00e9 informace poskytnout, ale proto\u017ee tyto kap\u00e9nky a \u010d\u00e1stice z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed ve vzduchu jen n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed a\u017e mo\u017en\u00e1 t\u00fdden, z\u00e1znamy z ledovc\u016f v bl\u00edzkosti jejich zdroj\u016f jsou \u010dasto nejinformativn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed,\u201c vysv\u011btlil hlavn\u00ed autor studie Michel Legrand.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ledov\u00e9 j\u00e1dro bylo extrahov\u00e1no v roce 1999 a ulo\u017eeno ve Francii, ne\u017e bylo p\u0159evezeno k anal\u00fdze do laborato\u0159e DRI Ice Core Lab v Nevad\u011b. Tato laborato\u0159 m\u00e1 specializovan\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 francouzsk\u00ed v\u011bdci nemaj\u00ed, a umo\u017e\u0148uje takzvanou metodu \u201eanal\u00fdzy kontinu\u00e1ln\u00edho toku\u201c. Ta umo\u017e\u0148uje roztavit ledov\u00e9 j\u00e1dro a analyzovat ho vrstvu po vrstv\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
Symbolick\u00fd obr\u00e1zek vrstev ledov\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra (C) Report24\/KI<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Anal\u00fdza ledov\u00fdch vrstev<\/span><\/h3>\n

Vrstvy ledu vykazuj\u00ed teplotn\u00ed rozd\u00edl p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3 stupn\u011b Celsia mezi posledn\u00ed dobou ledovou a sou\u010dasn\u00fdm holoc\u00e9nem. Rekonstrukce letn\u00edch teplot b\u011bhem posledn\u00ed doby ledov\u00e9 s vyu\u017eit\u00edm pylov\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f zachycen\u00fdch v ledu odhalily p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 2 stupn\u011b Celsia chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 3,5 stupn\u011b Celsia chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky v Alp\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 je zm\u011bna obsahu fosforu v jednotliv\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch. B\u011bhem doby ledov\u00e9 byl n\u00edzk\u00fd, pot\u00e9 prudce vzrostl v d\u016fsledku roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed les\u016f \u2013 jen aby pak op\u011bt poklesl v d\u016fsledku lidsk\u00e9 expanze, v\u010detn\u011b odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Lo\u017eiska mo\u0159sk\u00e9 soli tak\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00e1padn\u00ed v\u011btry musely b\u00fdt v minulosti u pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy v\u00fdrazn\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Data tak\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee b\u011bhem posledn\u00ed doby ledov\u00e9, p\u0159ed p\u0159echodem do holoc\u00e9nu, byla koncentrace prachu v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e asi osmkr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e po n\u00ed. V\u00edce prachu tak\u00e9 znamen\u00e1 v\u00edce mrak\u016f, a tedy v\u00edce slune\u010dn\u00edho tepla odra\u017een\u00e9ho zp\u011bt do vesm\u00edru, a tak\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eek. D\u0159\u00edve se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo, \u017ee mno\u017estv\u00ed prachu je pouze asi dvakr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. To se p\u0159ipisovalo su\u0161\u0161\u00edmu klimatu ve st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 oblasti, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobovalo, \u017ee do Evropy bylo nav\u00e1to v\u00edce saharsk\u00e9ho prachu.<\/span><\/p>\n

A kdo v\u00ed, mo\u017en\u00e1 toto ledov\u00e9 j\u00e1dro pom\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 zkrotit obecnou klimatickou hysterii t\u00edm, \u017ee do klimatick\u00fdch model\u016f za\u010dlen\u00ed spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prom\u011bnn\u00e9 nam\u00edsto spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed se na v\u00e1gn\u00ed hypot\u00e9zy jako d\u0159\u00edve. Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b dosavadn\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ji\u017e vedla k nutnosti revize n\u011bkter\u00fdch d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpoklad\u016f \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad t\u011bch t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se prachu v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ledov\u00e1 j\u00e1dra z ledovc\u016f a pol\u00e1rn\u00edch oblast\u00ed poskytuj\u00ed hlubok\u00fd vhled do klimatu minul\u00fdch dob. Pat\u0159\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":83943,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[398,873,9523,1561,1820],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83942"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=83942"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83942\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/83943"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=83942"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=83942"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=83942"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}