{"id":83766,"date":"2025-07-18T00:22:54","date_gmt":"2025-07-17T22:22:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=83766"},"modified":"2025-07-17T11:33:50","modified_gmt":"2025-07-17T09:33:50","slug":"petr-sak-kundera-nebo-ustr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/07\/18\/petr-sak-kundera-nebo-ustr\/","title":{"rendered":"Petr Sak: Kundera nebo \u00daSTR"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed pokleslost \u010desk\u00e9ho ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho a\u00a0medi\u00e1ln\u00edho prostoru se projevuje mnoha zp\u016fsoby. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b tzv.\u00a0dvoj\u00ed metr, kdy stejn\u00fd jev se hodnot\u00ed odli\u0161n\u011b, podle vztahu hodnotitele k\u00a0dan\u00e9mu jevu nebo entit\u011b (jedinci, instituci, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed skupin\u011b).<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed zdroj pokleslosti je nevymezen\u00ed pojm\u016f a kategori\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se k hodnocen\u00e9mu jevu vztahuj\u00ed a nepodlo\u017een\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed anal\u00fdzou. Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e1 intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed pokleslost se projevuje v um\u011bl\u00e9 tzv. kauze Milana Kundery. Zdroj a pozad\u00ed vzniku t\u00e9to kauzy je ve vztahu V\u00e1clava Havla a disident\u016f k Milanu Kunderovi. V kulo\u00e1rech se v\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou nen\u00e1visti V\u00e1clava Havla byla \u017e\u00e1rlivost na d\u00edlo a \u00fasp\u011bchy Milana Kundery. Dokonce inicioval akci, kter\u00e1 zabr\u00e1nila ud\u011blen\u00ed Nobelovy ceny Milanu Kunderovi. Rozd\u00edl v kvalit\u011b d\u00edla je vid\u011bt v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 prezentaci. Po tom, co ji\u017e nen\u00ed politick\u00fd z\u00e1jem na zviditel\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed V\u00e1clava Havla, jeho d\u00edlo se objevuje na ve\u0159ejnosti velice sporadicky, zat\u00edmco M. Kundera je i po smrti uzn\u00e1van\u00fdm sv\u011btov\u00fdm autorem. Nav\u00edc je v\u00fdznamnou osobnost\u00ed vrcholu \u010desk\u00fdch d\u011bjin, \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch let. Pod\u00edlel se na jejich utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed v kulturn\u00ed, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a politick\u00e9 oblasti.<\/p>\n

Snaha ud\u011blit Milanu Kunderovi st\u00e1tn\u00ed vyznamen\u00e1n\u00ed o\u017eivila af\u00e9ru, kterou p\u0159ed lety vyvolali havloidi prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00e9ho propagandisticko politick\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroje \u00daSTRu. \u201eAdam Hradilek publikoval \u010dl\u00e1nek<\/a>, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e na z\u00e1klad\u011b policejn\u00edho z\u00e1znamu tvrdil, \u017ee Kundera informoval SNB o\u00a0Dvo\u0159\u00e1\u010dkov\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomnosti na studentsk\u00e9 koleji v\u00a0Praze. Dvo\u0159\u00e1\u010dek, kter\u00fd uprchl z\u00a0\u010ceskoslovenska v\u00a0roce 1949 a\u00a0vr\u00e1til se jako kur\u00fdr exilov\u00e9 zpravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby, byl n\u00e1sledn\u011b zat\u010den a\u00a0odsouzen k\u00a022 let\u016fm v\u011bzen\u00ed. Policejn\u00ed z\u00e1znam z\u00a014.\u00a0b\u0159ezna 1950 uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee Kundera, tehdy student, ohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee studentka Iva Militk\u00e1 \u0159ekla Miroslavu Dlaskovi o\u00a0Dvo\u0159\u00e1\u010dkov\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomnosti a\u00a0ulo\u017een\u00e9m kufru. Tento z\u00e1znam v\u0161ak neobsahuje Kunder\u016fv podpis ani \u010d\u00edslo pr\u016fkazu toto\u017enosti, co\u017e bylo v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b neobvykl\u00e9. Kundera obvin\u011bn\u00ed razantn\u011b odm\u00edtl, ozna\u010dil je za \u201ele\u017e\u201c a\u00a0prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee si na Dvo\u0159\u00e1\u010dka ani Militkou nevzpom\u00edn\u00e1\u201c.[1]<\/a>\u00a0K\u00a0vc\u00edt\u011bn\u00ed se do kontextu uveden\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti a\u00a0tehdej\u0161\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 reality napom\u016f\u017ee uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed si, \u017ee v\u00a0pades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech existovaly jak\u00e9si domovn\u00ed knihy a\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo n\u011bkde p\u0159espal, a\u00a0nebyl tam trvale hl\u00e1\u0161en, musel b\u00fdt v\u00a0t\u00e9to knize uveden.<\/p>\n

\u201eKunder\u016fv komplikovan\u00fd vztah s\u00a0\u010ceskou republikou je d\u00e1n tak\u00e9 jeho distancov\u00e1n\u00edm se od disentu b\u011bhem exilu. Zat\u00edmco V\u00e1clav Havel a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed disidenti kritizovali komunistick\u00fd re\u017eim z\u00a0domova, Kundera se v\u00a0emigraci vyh\u00fdbal politick\u00fdm vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edm, co\u017e vedlo k\u00a0nap\u011bt\u00ed. Jeho man\u017eelka V\u011bra Kunderov\u00e1 v\u00a0roce 2019 popsala vztah mezi Kunderou a\u00a0disentem jako \u201edramatick\u00fd a\u00a0oboustrann\u011b nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd\u201c.[2]<\/a>\u00a0Kritika Milana Kundery disidenty prokazuje jejich netoleranci a\u00a0nedemokrati\u010dnost. Nehled\u011b na to, \u017ee \u0159ada z\u00a0disident\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed ho kritizovali, byli agenti StB. Na rozd\u00edl od v\u011bt\u0161iny disident\u016f pova\u017euji Milana Kunderu za autentickou osobnost a\u00a0mravn\u011b integrovan\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n

S\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed Milan Kundera Dvo\u0159\u00e1\u010dka neudal. V\u011bnujme se v\u0161ak \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu kontextu t\u00e9to kauzy a\u00a0prom\u00edtnut\u00ed dvoj\u00edho metru do t\u00e9to kauzy. Milan Kundera je naprosto zatracov\u00e1n za \u00fadajn\u00e9, neprok\u00e1zan\u00e9 \u201ejedno ud\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c. Jak\u00e1 je v\u0161ak obecn\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e1 realita ve vztahu k\u00a0tomuto probl\u00e9mu. Po\u00a0listopadu 1989 byl m\u011bs\u00edce n\u00e1m\u011bstkem ministra vnitra n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk StB Aloiz Lorenz. Ministrem vnitra se stal agent vojensk\u00e9 kontrarozv\u011bdky Richard Sacher, kter\u00fd shrom\u00e1\u017edil svazky \u201elistopadov\u00fdch\u201c politik\u016f do Fondu Z, kter\u00fd zmizel. Fond byl vytvo\u0159en, proto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto politik\u016f byli agenty zpravodajsk\u00fdch slu\u017eeb a\u00a0\u0159ada z\u00a0nich byli dvojit\u00ed agenti. Celou situaci m\u011bla StB pod kontrolou, proto\u017ee listopadov\u00fd p\u0159evrat realizovala StB pod dohledem zahrani\u010dn\u00edch zpravodajsk\u00fdch slu\u017eeb (Sak, 2019).<\/p>\n

Politici a\u00a0novin\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed dehonestuj\u00ed Milana Kunderu a\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u011b adoruj\u00ed ne agenta, ale p\u0159\u00edmo profesion\u00e1ln\u00edho komunistick\u00e9ho zpravodajce ve funkci prezidenta, jednozna\u010dn\u011b prokazuj\u00ed hodnotov\u00e9 a\u00a0n\u00e1zorov\u00e9 vakuum a\u00a0mravn\u00ed a\u00a0duchovn\u00ed vypr\u00e1zdn\u011bnost.<\/p>\n

Jako zlo\u010din je ozna\u010dov\u00e1no, \u017ee M. Kundera udal agenta nasazen\u00e9ho proti komunistick\u00e9mu re\u017eimu. Up\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed legality a legitimity p\u0159edlistopadov\u00e9mu re\u017eimu se d\u011bje opakovan\u011b. Je to v\u0161ak primitivn\u00ed voluntaristick\u00e1 snaha pop\u0159\u00edt skute\u010dnost a nahradit ji sv\u00fdm v\u00fdplodem. Jedna v\u011bc je nesouhlasit s politikou st\u00e1tu a usilovat o politickou zm\u011bnu, druh\u00e1 v\u011bc konstruovat zcela fale\u0161nou minulost.<\/p>\n

\u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 st\u00e1tnost byla zni\u010dena z\u00e1padn\u00edmi st\u00e1ty (Francie, Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie) Mnichovskou smlouvou a\u00a0n\u011bmeckou okupac\u00ed. B\u011bhem 2.\u00a0sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky nejd\u0159\u00edve Sov\u011btsk\u00fdm svazem, a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b z\u00e1padn\u00edmi st\u00e1ty, byla uzn\u00e1na \u010deskoslovensk\u00e1 st\u00e1tnost, kter\u00e1 byla potvrzena pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdmi jedn\u00e1n\u00edmi a\u00a0smlouvami, na n\u011b\u017e navazovaly vnitropolitick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, v\u010detn\u011b voleb a\u00a0legislativn\u00edch akt\u016f parlamentu.<\/p>\n

Legalita pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010ceskoslovenska je zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1na, tvrzen\u00edm \u017ee ve volb\u00e1ch bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 volit pouze KS\u010c. Nen\u00ed to zcela pravda, proto\u017ee v\u00a0r\u00e1mci N\u00e1rodn\u00ed fronty se voleb z\u00fa\u010dastnily i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed strany. Po\u00a0v\u00e1lce nebyly obnoveny politick\u00e9 strany, kter\u00e9 kolaborovaly s\u00a0nacizmem a\u00a0m\u011bly nacistick\u00fd charakter.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b bychom t\u011b\u017eko hledali politick\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd ide\u00e1ln\u011b napl\u0148uje u\u010debnicov\u00fd model. P\u0159\u00edkladem mohou b\u00fdt USA. Kritik\u016fm \u010desk\u00e9 reality voleb v\u016fbec nevad\u00ed syst\u00e9m USA, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e voli\u010di nevol\u00ed prezidenta, ale volitele, kte\u0159\u00ed nemusej\u00ed p\u0159i\u00a0volb\u011b prezidenta respektovat v\u00fdsledky hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b. Zat\u00edm sice volitel\u00e9 volebn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky respektovali, to bylo ale proto, \u017ee nebyly ohro\u017eeny z\u00e1jmy oligarchie, a\u00a0nebylo nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt tuto z\u00e1chranou politickou brzdu.<\/p>\n

Socialistick\u00e9 \u010ceskoslovensko bylo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u0161ech nadn\u00e1rodn\u00edch instituc\u00ed, uzav\u00edralo smlouvy s\u00a0druh\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a\u00a0jeho legitimita nebyla mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b nijak zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1na. Jak vypad\u00e1 p\u0159i\u00a0v\u011bcn\u00e9m a\u00a0objektivn\u00edm pohledu ud\u00e1n\u00ed agenta ciz\u00ed zpravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby? Nezn\u00e1m st\u00e1t, kde by byly aktivity ciz\u00edho zpravodajsk\u00e9ho agenta legitimn\u00ed. Naopak ka\u017ed\u00fd ob\u010dan je povinen spolupracovat p\u0159i\u00a0paralyzov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed zpravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby. USA m\u00e1 tuto povinnost za\u010dlen\u011bnou do sv\u00e9ho Vlasteneck\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona. Pozice Hrad\u00edlka, \u017d\u00e1\u010dka a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159i\u00a0komentov\u00e1n\u00ed kauzy Milana Kundery m\u00e1 vlastizr\u00e1dn\u00fd charakter, proto\u017ee vy\u017eaduj\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0ciz\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017ebou proti vlastn\u00ed zemi.<\/p>\n

Pavel \u017d\u00e1\u010dek a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed legalitu socialistick\u00e9ho \u010ceskoslovenska sou\u010dasn\u011b zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed svou maturitu, vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0v\u0161echny dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed akty. Jak\u00fd st\u00e1t reprezentovali \u010deskosloven\u0161t\u00ed fotbalist\u00e9 ve fin\u00e1le fotbalov\u00e9ho mistrostv\u00ed sv\u011bta v\u00a0Chile? Za suverenitu jak\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu demonstrovali ob\u010dan\u00e9 p\u0159i\u00a0napaden\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska vojsky Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 smlouvy?<\/p>\n

Prom\u00edtn\u011bme si kritick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup v\u016f\u010di socialistick\u00e9mu \u010ceskoslovensku do sou\u010dasnosti. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd re\u017eim sice nep\u00e1ch\u00e1 stejn\u00e9 chyby a\u00a0zlo\u010diny jako re\u017eim minul\u00fd (politick\u00e9 procesy s\u00a0trestem smrti), znamen\u00e1 to v\u0161ak, \u017ee je v\u00a0po\u0159\u00e1dku? Lidsk\u00e1 civilizace se prom\u011b\u0148uje a\u00a0s\u00a0n\u00ed se m\u011bn\u00ed chyby a\u00a0zlo\u010diny vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed elity. Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost m\u00e1 ke 300 tis\u00edc\u016fm bezdomovc\u016f, milion ob\u010dan\u016f v\u00a0p\u00e1smu chudoby a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed milion na hranici chudoby, k\u00a0milionu ob\u010dan\u016f je v\u00a0exekuci, prob\u00edh\u00e1 demografick\u00e1 genocida A\u00a0vedle toho poslanci, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem ke 200 tis\u00edc\u016fm a\u00a0st\u00e1le si ho navy\u0161uj\u00ed. Sto tis\u00edc korun bonus man\u017eelce[3]<\/a> prezidenta za to \u017ee je man\u017eelka, ke v\u0161em jej\u00edm dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjm\u016fm. Tito lid\u00e9 bezdomovce a\u00a0chudobu z\u0159ejm\u011b za chybu syst\u00e9mu pova\u017eovat nebudou. Naopak prezident jim z\u00a0obrazovky hl\u00e1s\u00e1: \u201eM\u00e1me se l\u00e9pe, ne\u017e si mysl\u00edme\u201c.<\/p>\n

Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edho syst\u00e9mu je parazitov\u00e1n\u00ed elit na spole\u010dnosti zp\u016fsoby leg\u00e1ln\u00edmi, ale i\u00a0korupc\u00ed a\u00a0kr\u00e1de\u017e\u00ed. Jak dolo\u017eil J. Tainter, J. v\u00a0publikaci\u00a0Kolapsy slo\u017eit\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed<\/em>\u00a0(2009), nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou z\u00e1niku slo\u017eit\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed je ne\u00fam\u011brn\u00e9 parazitov\u00e1n\u00ed elit na spole\u010dnosti. Do budoucna lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat dv\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9 cesty v\u00fdvoje. Jedna cesta v\u00a0d\u016fsledku nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho parazitov\u00e1n\u00ed elit, a\u00a0k\u00a0tomu m\u00e1 slou\u017eit i\u00a0zbrojen\u00ed, vede k\u00a0z\u00e1niku spole\u010dnosti. Druh\u00e1 cesta znamen\u00e1 obranu spole\u010dnosti p\u0159ed parazituj\u00edc\u00edmi elitami a\u00a0z\u00e1chranu. Potom by n\u00e1\u0161 dne\u0161ek byl tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1n jako zlo\u010dineck\u00e1 spole\u010dnost.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/strong><\/em><\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/www.parlamentnilisty.cz\/arena\/monitor\/Babis-chce-ocenit-Milana-Kunderu-Zacek-pripomina-udani-776768.<\/em><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a>\u00a0tamt\u00e9\u017e<\/em><\/p>\n

[3]<\/strong><\/em><\/a>\u00a0U\u00a0n\u00ed tak\u00e9 nevad\u00ed, \u017ee je komunistick\u00e1 politick\u00e1 komisa\u0159ka. Na tuto roli se p\u0159ipravovala na Vojensk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 akademii Klementa Gottwalda.<\/em><\/p>\n

Na sn\u00edmku z\u00a0konce 60t\u00fdch let \u2013 Milan Kundera<\/em><\/p>\n

Petr Sak<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed pokleslost \u010desk\u00e9ho ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho a\u00a0medi\u00e1ln\u00edho prostoru se projevuje mnoha zp\u016fsoby. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b tzv.\u00a0dvoj\u00ed metr,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":83767,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1503,5454,180,4837],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83766"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=83766"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83766\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/83767"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=83766"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=83766"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=83766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}