{"id":83544,"date":"2025-07-15T00:27:23","date_gmt":"2025-07-14T22:27:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=83544"},"modified":"2025-07-14T17:38:03","modified_gmt":"2025-07-14T15:38:03","slug":"nova-kaledonie-francie-vytvari-stat-ve-state","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/07\/15\/nova-kaledonie-francie-vytvari-stat-ve-state\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00e1 Kaledonie: Francie vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed st\u00e1t ve st\u00e1t\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Nov\u00e1 Kaledonie z\u00edsk\u00e1 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed autonomii v boji proti separatismu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Po deseti dnech n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v Bougivalu, p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, bylo dosa\u017eeno dohody, kter\u00e1 by umo\u017enila vznik st\u00e1tu Nov\u00e1 Kaledonie ji\u017e v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Navzdory zvu\u010dn\u00e9mu n\u00e1zvu se jedn\u00e1 pouze o roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed autonomie tohoto francouzsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed, nikoli o jeho \u00faplnou nez\u00e1vislost. Dohoda navazuje na n\u011bkolikam\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed protesty v Nov\u00e9 Kaledonii v roce 2024, kter\u00e9 si vy\u017e\u00e1daly n\u011bkolik ob\u011bt\u00ed. Domorod\u00e9 obyvatelstvo, Kanakov\u00e9, se vzbou\u0159ilo proti p\u0159ijet\u00ed z\u00e1kona, kter\u00fd nov\u011b p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edm z pevninsk\u00e9 Francie zaru\u010duje pr\u00e1vo volit v m\u00edstn\u00edch volb\u00e1ch.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00e1n\u00ed vedla vl\u00e1da zem\u011b a z\u00e1stupci hlavn\u00edch politick\u00fdch sil Nov\u00e9 Kaledonie. Toto souostrov\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed Francii od poloviny 19. stolet\u00ed, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu, severov\u00fdchodn\u011b od Austr\u00e1lie. V sobotu 12. \u010dervence ozn\u00e1mila kancel\u00e1\u0159 francouzsk\u00e9ho prezidenta Emmanuela Macrona uzav\u0159en\u00ed dohody. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edky jedn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ijala hlava st\u00e1tu v Elysejsk\u00e9m pal\u00e1ci.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fd\u0148atky z dohody<\/span><\/a>\u00a0byly zve\u0159ejn\u011bny 14. \u010dervence na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch novokaledonsk\u00e9ho kan\u00e1lu\u00a0<\/span>Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie La Premi\u00e8re<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se v n\u00ed, \u017ee Nov\u00e1 Kaledonie z\u00edsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo prov\u00e1d\u011bt vlastn\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiku (samoz\u0159ejm\u011b s ohledem na francouzsk\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy) a bude moci vstoupit do mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch organizac\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho se \u201est\u00e1t\u201c bude aktivn\u011bji pod\u00edlet na procesu tvorby politiky v oblasti bezpe\u010dnosti a spravedlnosti, kter\u00e9 tradi\u010dn\u011b reguluje francouzsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da. Nen\u00ed vylou\u010dena revize volebn\u00edho procesu v Kongresu (z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e9m sboru Nov\u00e9 Kaledonie): volebn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo budou m\u00edt ti, kte\u0159\u00ed se v Nov\u00e9 Kaledonii narodili nebo tam \u017eili alespo\u0148 15 let. Zm\u011bn\u011bna m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i hymna, vlajka, motto a dal\u0161\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed symboly tohoto \u00fazem\u00ed. Pl\u00e1nuje se, \u017ee ve francouzsk\u00e9 \u00fastav\u011b bude kapitola o \u201est\u00e1tu Nov\u00e1 Kaledonie\u201c a \u017ee obyvatel\u00e9 Nov\u00e9 Kaledonie z\u00edskaj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed ob\u010danstv\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Samotn\u00e1 dohoda je r\u00e1mcov\u00e1. Finalizace jej\u00edch bod\u016f nen\u00ed rychl\u00fd proces. Skon\u010d\u00ed schv\u00e1len\u00edm ve francouzsk\u00e9m parlamentu. A teprve pot\u00e9 se Novokaledonci vyj\u00e1d\u0159\u00ed k dohod\u011b v referendu, kter\u00e9 se s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed uskute\u010dn\u00ed v roce 2026.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nebude to poprv\u00e9, co m\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 budou hlasovat o sv\u00e9m vztahu s Franci\u00ed. V posledn\u00edm desetilet\u00ed se ji\u017e konala t\u0159i referenda o nez\u00e1vislosti Nov\u00e9 Kaledonie: v letech 2018, 2020 a 2021. Tato referenda se konala v r\u00e1mci Noum\u00e9jsk\u00e9 dohody, podepsan\u00e9 v roce 1998 a jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem bylo ukon\u010dit protesty Kanak\u016f po\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edch odtr\u017een\u00ed od Francie.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle t\u00e9to dohody bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1dat jedno a\u017e t\u0159i hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed o statusu \u00fazem\u00ed. V \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m z referend nez\u00edskalo hnut\u00ed pro nez\u00e1vislost v\u011bt\u0161inu. Kanakov\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed asi 40 % populace Nov\u00e9 Kaledonie. Nikdy v\u0161ak nevyj\u00e1d\u0159ili silnou podporu odd\u011blen\u00ed od Francie. Vlivn\u00fd byl p\u0159\u00edklad mnoha tichomo\u0159sk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 od sv\u00e9ho osvobozen\u00ed od koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti neprosperuj\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 by bez \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f ot\u00e1zka nez\u00e1vislosti \u00fapln\u011b vybledla. Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e v\u0161ak ud\u011blala chybu. Po masov\u00fdch protestech v roce 2024, kter\u00e9 si vy\u017e\u00e1daly smrt 12 lid\u00ed, se objevily nov\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na revizi statusu Nov\u00e9 Kaledonie. Byly podn\u00edceny rozhodnut\u00edm francouzsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy zm\u011bnit pravidla pro kon\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch voleb. Volebn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo bylo ud\u011bleno nep\u016fvodn\u00edm obyvatel\u016fm za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee v Nov\u00e9 Kaledonii \u017eili d\u00e9le ne\u017e 10 let. To pobou\u0159ilo mnoho Kanak\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se ob\u00e1vali, \u017ee pokud by tis\u00edce lid\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na francouzsk\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f, dostaly mo\u017enost volit org\u00e1ny m\u00edstn\u00ed samospr\u00e1vy, z\u00e1jmy p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel by nebyly dostate\u010dn\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bny. Po\u010det Evropan\u016f v Nov\u00e9 Kaledonii skute\u010dn\u011b neust\u00e1le roste. Usazuje se tam mnoho francouzsk\u00fdch d\u016fchodc\u016f. Tomu napom\u00e1h\u00e1 klima, podobn\u00e9 tomu v ji\u017en\u00ed Evrop\u011b, a relativn\u011b dostupn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dohoda se tak stala jak\u00fdmsi kompromisem mezi zast\u00e1nci nez\u00e1vislosti a t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed si p\u0159ej\u00ed z\u016fstat \u201epod k\u0159\u00eddly\u201c Francie. Nav\u00edc je v\u00fdhodn\u00e1 i pro samotnou Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e, proto\u017ee alespo\u0148 do\u010dasn\u011b uklidn\u00ed nespokojenost zast\u00e1nc\u016f nez\u00e1vislosti, jejich\u017e protesty zp\u016fsobily zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161kody (kolem 2 miliard eur) a naru\u0161ily pr\u00e1ci novokaledonsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm faktorem ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm Macronovo odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem vy\u0159e\u0161it situaci v souostrov\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edtomnost lo\u017eisek cenn\u00fdch nerost\u016f, zejm\u00e9na niklu. Nikl se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v chemick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, medic\u00edn\u011b a p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Nov\u00e1 Kaledonie dr\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 11 % sv\u011btov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob tohoto kovu. V r\u00e1mci dohody se Francie zav\u00e1zala poskytnout souostrov\u00ed ekonomickou a finan\u010dn\u00ed pomoc, z n\u00ed\u017e bude velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st pou\u017eita na rozvoj t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Je t\u0159eba tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee Nov\u00e1 Kaledonie je francouzskou v\u00fdspu v Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu s vojensk\u00fdmi z\u00e1kladnami na souostrov\u00ed. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee \u00fastupky autonomie pomohly Francii udr\u017eet si kontrolu nad b\u00fdvalou koloni\u00ed a vzhledem k zachovan\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu k zdroj\u016fm a Tich\u00e9mu oce\u00e1nu, lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee Macron dos\u00e1hl v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alexandre Lemoine<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00e1 Kaledonie z\u00edsk\u00e1 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed autonomii v boji proti separatismu. Po deseti dnech n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":83545,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[130,1503,307,7326],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83544"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=83544"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83544\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/83545"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=83544"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=83544"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=83544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}