{"id":83031,"date":"2025-07-08T05:06:03","date_gmt":"2025-07-08T03:06:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=83031"},"modified":"2025-07-08T05:06:03","modified_gmt":"2025-07-08T03:06:03","slug":"uriel-araujo-francouzske-ambice-v-indicko-pacificke-oblasti-uprostred-neokolonialni-krize-nove-kaledonie-upadaji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/07\/08\/uriel-araujo-francouzske-ambice-v-indicko-pacificke-oblasti-uprostred-neokolonialni-krize-nove-kaledonie-upadaji\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: Francouzsk\u00e9 ambice v indicko-pacifick\u00e9 oblasti uprost\u0159ed neokoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed krize Nov\u00e9 Kaledonie upadaj\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Francouzsk\u00fd strategick\u00fd obrat k indicko-pacifick\u00e9mu regionu, kter\u00fd prosazuje Macron, je zast\u00edn\u011bn prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed kriz\u00ed v Nov\u00e9 Kaledonii a nap\u011bt\u00edm v r\u00e1mci NATO a Z\u00e1padu. Nepokoje v Nov\u00e9 Kaledonii odhaluj\u00ed neokoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed Francie a podkop\u00e1vaj\u00ed jej\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost. Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed o \u201et\u0159et\u00ed cestu\u201c mezit\u00edm zd\u016fraz\u0148uje trhliny v z\u00e1padn\u00ed jednot\u011b a komplikuje jej\u00ed geopolitick\u00e9 vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Francouzsk\u00fd prezident Emmanuel Macron hlasit\u011b zd\u016fraznil\u00a0<\/span>strategick\u00fd<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v\u00fdznam indicko-pacifick\u00e9 oblasti pro Francii a Evropu a Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e postavil do role kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho hr\u00e1\u010de v regionu, kter\u00fd je \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem glob\u00e1ln\u00ed geopolitiky. Francie se v\u0161ak sna\u017e\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it sv\u016fj vliv v tomto rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9m a sporn\u00e9m prostoru a jej\u00ed aspirace vrh\u00e1 na ni nevy\u0159e\u0161en\u00e1 krize v Nov\u00e9 Kaledonii (NC) \u2013 francouzsk\u00e9m z\u00e1mo\u0159sk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed v Pacifiku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed o suverenitu Nov\u00e9 Kaledonie spolu s nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm summitem, kter\u00fd bude po\u0159\u00e1dat Francie a bude se zab\u00fdvat budoucnost\u00ed tohoto \u00fazem\u00ed, odhaluje nap\u011bt\u00ed: ambice Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee v indicko-pacifick\u00e9 oblasti jsou st\u00e1le v\u00edce v rozporu jak s jej\u00edm neokoloni\u00e1ln\u00edm odkazem, tak s \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmi c\u00edli Z\u00e1padu, zejm\u00e9na NATO. Tato nesrovnalost odhaluje trhliny v z\u00e1padn\u00ed alianci, jeliko\u017e Francie se ub\u00edr\u00e1 odli\u0161nou cestou, kter\u00e1 se ne v\u017edy shoduje s agendou bloku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Francouzsk\u00e1 indo-pacifick\u00e1 strategie v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nen\u00ed nov\u00fdm po\u010dinem, ale roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm jej\u00ed historick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnosti v regionu, zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e9 v koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fazem\u00edch, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad Severn\u00ed Karol\u00edna. Macronova vize \u2013 podpo\u0159en\u00e1 v\u00fdvojem, jako je\u00a0<\/span>Iniciativa 2050<\/span><\/a>\u00a0s Indon\u00e9si\u00ed a\u00a0<\/span>diplomacie zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na energetiku se Spojen\u00fdmi arabsk\u00fdmi emir\u00e1ty\u00a0<\/span><\/a>\u2013 se sna\u017e\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0prezentovat Francii jako jak\u00fdsi vyva\u017eovac\u00ed faktor v regionu, kter\u00e9mu dominuje rivalita mezi USA a \u010c\u00ednou. Pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 francouzsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed nasazen\u00ed po boku Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie a It\u00e1lie v indo-pacifick\u00e9 oblasti tuto ambici d\u00e1le\u00a0<\/span>podtrhuje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto kroky se zjevn\u011b neobejdou bez komplikac\u00ed. Krize v Nov\u00e9 Kaledonii, kde se po\u017eadavky domorod\u00fdch Kanak\u016f na nez\u00e1vislost st\u0159etly s francouzskou kontrolou, odhaluje Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e jako st\u00e1le asertivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed neokoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed mocnost, jak jsem ji\u017e\u00a0<\/span>psal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Jej\u00ed koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup je st\u00e1le pom\u011brn\u011b viditeln\u00fd (i kdy\u017e ustupuj\u00edc\u00ed) v\u00a0<\/span>z\u00e1padn\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00ed Africe<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Zp\u011bt k Severn\u00ed Karol\u00edn\u011b, nepokoje, o kter\u00fdch se v z\u00e1padn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00edch nedostate\u010dn\u011b informovalo, zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed drsnou realitu: francouzsk\u00e1 indicko-pacifick\u00e1 strategie je spjata s koloni\u00e1ln\u00edm d\u011bdictv\u00edm, kter\u00e9 podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 jej\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost jako region\u00e1ln\u00edho partnera.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 si vzpomeneme, \u017ee Francie m\u00e1 v minulosti tendenci stanovovat si vlastn\u00ed kurz, \u010dasto odli\u0161n\u00fd od \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f NATO. Rozhodnut\u00ed Charlese de Gaulla z roku 1966 o vystoupen\u00ed Francie z integrovan\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho velen\u00ed NATO \u2013 krok, kter\u00fd byl zru\u0161en a\u017e v roce 2009 \u2013\u00a0<\/span>z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm bodem pro francouzskou \u201e\u00a0<\/span>strategickou autonomii<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c. Macron, a\u010dkoli nen\u00ed de Gaulle, tento n\u00e1zor n\u011bkdy vyjad\u0159oval prosazov\u00e1n\u00edm politik, kter\u00e9 se ob\u010das odchyluj\u00ed od priorit NATO, i kdy\u017e jeho vlastn\u00edm, dostate\u010dn\u011b nejednozna\u010dn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Nap\u0159\u00edklad francouzsk\u00e1 neochota pln\u011b p\u0159ijmout \u201ementalitu NATO\u201c v indicko-pacifick\u00e9m regionu\u00a0<\/span>odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0vlastn\u00ed postoj Indie, jak jej formuloval ministr zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed S. Jaishankar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato odchylka je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, proto\u017ee snaha<\/span><\/a>\u00a0NATO\u00a0o trvalou p\u0159\u00edtomnost v indicko-pacifick\u00e9m regionu riskuje transformaci region\u00e1ln\u00edch r\u00e1mc\u016f, jako je Quad, na \u201emal\u00e9 NATO\u201c \u2013 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159, na kter\u00fd se Francie i Indie d\u00edvaly se skepticismem. Francouzsk\u00e1 strategie v indicko-pacifick\u00e9m regionu se tak ob\u010das nezd\u00e1 b\u00fdt jen o projekci moci, ale o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed \u201e\u00a0<\/span>t\u0159et\u00ed cesty<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c, kter\u00e1 se vyhne zapleten\u00ed do snah o omezov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010c\u00edny veden\u00fdch USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krize v Nov\u00e9 Kaledonii v\u0161ak toto dr\u017een\u00ed t\u011bla komplikuje. Snaha \u00fazem\u00ed o suverenitu, \u017eiven\u00e1 desetilet\u00edmi marginalizace obyvatelstva Kanak, odhalila, \u017ee francouzsk\u00e1 spr\u00e1va v\u011bc\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch je op\u011bt zjevn\u011b neokoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed. Prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>summit<\/span><\/a>\u00a0o budoucnosti Nov\u00e9 Kaledonie, kter\u00fd po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 Francie, je pokusem o zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed po smrteln\u00fdch nepokoj\u00edch v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce, ale riskuje, \u017ee bude vn\u00edm\u00e1n sp\u00ed\u0161e jako performativn\u00ed gesto ne\u017e jako skute\u010dn\u00fd krok k usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. Paco Milhiet, hostuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd pracovn\u00edk na \u0160kole mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch studi\u00ed S. Rajaratnama,\u00a0<\/span>tvrd\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee Francie mus\u00ed \u201ep\u0159epracovat\u201c svou indicko-pacifickou strategii t\u00edm, \u017ee se bude zab\u00fdvat st\u00ed\u017enostmi Nov\u00e9 Kaledonie, aby p\u0159ekonala tuto geopolitickou patovou situaci. Pokud tak neu\u010din\u00ed, mohlo by to naru\u0161it legitimitu Francie v o\u010d\u00edch tichomo\u0159sk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, z nich\u017e mnoh\u00e9 sd\u00edlej\u00ed postkoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed citliv\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 ambice se nav\u00edc odv\u00edjej\u00ed na pozad\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edch rozkol\u016f v samotn\u00e9m NATO (a Z\u00e1pad\u011b).\u00a0<\/span>Korup\u010dn\u00ed skand\u00e1ly<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a strategick\u00e9 neshody oslabily soudr\u017enost aliance, a t\u00edm potenci\u00e1ln\u011b zes\u00edlily sklon Francie prosazovat vlastn\u00ed agendu. Expanzivn\u00ed r\u00e9torika NATO v indicko-pacifick\u00e9m regionu, \u010dasto formulovan\u00e1 jako protiklad \u010c\u00edny, nen\u00ed pln\u011b v souladu se z\u00e1jmy Francie, kter\u00e9 up\u0159ednost\u0148uj\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 partnerstv\u00ed a energetickou bezpe\u010dnost p\u0159ed vojenskou konfrontac\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad anga\u017em\u00e1 Francie ve vztahu k\u00a0<\/span>Vietnamu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>SAE<\/span><\/a>\u00a0odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na diplomacii v oblasti zdroj\u016f a bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed vazby sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e na blokov\u00e9 spojenectv\u00ed. Tolik k jednotn\u00e9 front\u011b Z\u00e1padu \u2013 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed Francie nazna\u010duje preferenci strategick\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>flexibility<\/span><\/a>\u00a0p\u0159ed rigidn\u00edmi alian\u010dn\u00edmi z\u00e1vazky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato odchylka nen\u00ed bez rizik. Francouzsk\u00e9 vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed vlivu v indicko-pacifick\u00e9m regionu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00edch nepokoj\u016f v Nov\u00e9 Kaledonii a navigace v p\u0159esahov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fsobnosti NATO \u2013 by mohlo p\u0159et\u00ed\u017eit jej\u00ed zdroje. Pokud se s kriz\u00ed v Severn\u00ed Karol\u00edn\u011b nezach\u00e1z\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee si odcizit tichomo\u0159sk\u00e9 ostrovn\u00ed st\u00e1ty, jejich\u017e dobrou v\u016fli Francie pot\u0159ebuje k vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed rostouc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti \u010c\u00edny. Francouzsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup \u201et\u0159et\u00ed cesty\u201c (\u201eMacronova doktr\u00edna\u201c) nav\u00edc riskuje, \u017ee bude vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako oportunistick\u00fd a postr\u00e1d\u00e1 soudr\u017enost pot\u0159ebnou k tomu, aby \u010delil Washingtonu nebo Pekingu. Macronova r\u00e9torika dosud p\u0159edb\u011bhla hmatateln\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e iniciativy, jako je Iniciativa 2050, jsou st\u00e1le v po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed f\u00e1zi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, francouzsk\u00e9 ambice v indicko-pacifick\u00e9 oblasti odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed touhu prosadit strategickou autonomii v regionu, kter\u00fd je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pro glob\u00e1ln\u00ed mocenskou dynamiku. Krize v Nov\u00e9 Kaledonii a vnit\u0159n\u00ed rozpory NATO a Z\u00e1padu v\u0161ak odhaluj\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je z\u00e1kladem tohoto \u00fasil\u00ed. T\u00edm, \u017ee se Francie dr\u017e\u00ed neokoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed kontroly v Nov\u00e9 Kaledonii, podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 svou d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost jako partnera postkoloni\u00e1ln\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 jej\u00ed odchylka od agendy NATO, a\u010dkoli do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e1 v gaullistick\u00e9 tradici, riskuje jej\u00ed izolaci v r\u00e1mci z\u00e1padn\u00ed aliance.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cesta Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee vp\u0159ed tedy z francouzsk\u00e9ho pohledu vy\u017eaduje delik\u00e1tn\u00ed rekalibraci: vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed krize v Nov\u00e9 Kaledonii skute\u010dn\u00fdmi \u00fastupky po\u017eadavk\u016fm na suverenitu a formulov\u00e1n\u00ed jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vize pro jej\u00ed \u201et\u0159et\u00ed cestu\u201c v indicko-pacifick\u00e9m regionu. Teprve pak by Francie mohla doufat, \u017ee p\u0159ekon\u00e1 geopolitickou slepou uli\u010dku, kter\u00e9 \u010del\u00ed, jinak by jej\u00ed ambice uv\u00edzly v rozporech, kter\u00e9 si sama vytvo\u0159ila.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD<\/a>. v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Francouzsk\u00fd strategick\u00fd obrat k indicko-pacifick\u00e9mu regionu, kter\u00fd prosazuje Macron, je zast\u00edn\u011bn prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed kriz\u00ed v Nov\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":83032,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,130,307,7326],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83031"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=83031"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83031\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/83032"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=83031"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=83031"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=83031"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}