{"id":82700,"date":"2025-07-03T04:41:24","date_gmt":"2025-07-03T02:41:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=82700"},"modified":"2025-07-03T04:41:24","modified_gmt":"2025-07-03T02:41:24","slug":"banky-brics-vs-dolarove-imperium-ndb-tise-zpochybnuje-financni-hegemonii-usa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/07\/03\/banky-brics-vs-dolarove-imperium-ndb-tise-zpochybnuje-financni-hegemonii-usa\/","title":{"rendered":"Banky BRICS vs. dolarov\u00e9 imp\u00e9rium: NDB ti\u0161e zpochyb\u0148uje finan\u010dn\u00ed hegemonii USA"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Nov\u00e1 rozvojov\u00e1 banka BRICS se st\u00e1v\u00e1 strategick\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro glob\u00e1ln\u00ed Jih v boji proti dominanci dolaru. S roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm \u010dlenstv\u00ed a podporou \u00fav\u011br\u016f v m\u00edstn\u00edch m\u011bn\u00e1ch a z\u00e1rove\u0148 slad\u011bn\u00edm s iniciativami digit\u00e1ln\u00edch plateb je NDB v\u00edce ne\u017e jen dopl\u0148kem \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 iniciativy P\u00e1s a stezka \u2013 je geopolitickou protiv\u00e1hou.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kter\u00e9mu dlouho dominovaly z\u00e1padn\u00ed instituce, jako je Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka a MMF, \u010del\u00ed tich\u00e9, ale vytrval\u00e9 v\u00fdzv\u011b ze strany Nov\u00e9 rozvojov\u00e9 banky (NDB), \u010dasto ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako banka BRICS. Pod veden\u00edm b\u00fdval\u00e9 brazilsk\u00e9 prezidentky Dilmy Rousseffov\u00e9 se NDB etablovala jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed protiv\u00e1ha finan\u010dn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du veden\u00e9ho Z\u00e1padem, a\u010dkoli analytici zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed jej\u00ed schopnost skute\u010dn\u011b zm\u011bnit glob\u00e1ln\u00ed finance. NDB sice d\u016fsledn\u011b udr\u017eovala\u00a0<\/span>rating AA+<\/span><\/a>\u00a0od agentury S&P Global, ale prok\u00e1zala d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost, ale o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se n\u00ed \u2013 jako je dopln\u011bn\u00ed iniciativ, jako je \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 iniciativa P\u00e1s a stezka (BRI), roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed \u010dlenstv\u00ed nebo podpora plnohodnotn\u00e9 dedolarizace \u2013 \u010del\u00ed v rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edm se multipol\u00e1rn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m a mo\u017enostem. A\u0165 je to jakkoli, trajektorie banky nazna\u010duje odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fd, by\u0165 nedostate\u010dn\u011b informovan\u00fd, posun v geopolitick\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed krajin\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

NDB, zalo\u017een\u00e1 v roce 2015 zem\u011bmi BRICS (Braz\u00edlie, Rusko, Indie, \u010c\u00edna a Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika), byla koncipov\u00e1na jako multilater\u00e1ln\u00ed rozvojov\u00e1 banka (MDB) pro financov\u00e1n\u00ed infrastruktury a projekt\u016f udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje v rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se ekonomik\u00e1ch. Na rozd\u00edl od z\u00e1padn\u00edch instituc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto kladou p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky (obvykle v\u00e1zan\u00e9 na reformy ekonomick\u00e9 liberalizace, kter\u00e9 by n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ozna\u010dili za \u201eneoliber\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c), banka BRICS up\u0159ednost\u0148uje flexibilitu a poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fav\u011br\u016f v m\u00edstn\u00edch m\u011bn\u00e1ch s c\u00edlem sn\u00ed\u017eit rizika pro dlu\u017en\u00edky a\u00a0<\/span>podpo\u0159it r\u016fst kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdch trh\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00edch a tak\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>sn\u00ed\u017eit z\u00e1vislost na americk\u00e9m dolaru<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rousseffov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 vede banku od b\u0159ezna 2023 (v roce 2025 byla\u00a0<\/span>znovuzvolena<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na p\u011btilet\u00e9 funk\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed), je hlasitou zast\u00e1nkyn\u00ed tohoto posunu, pokud jde o sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed NDB k multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed vizi. Zd\u016fraznila roli banky ve slu\u017eb\u00e1ch glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu Jihu financov\u00e1n\u00edm projekt\u016f, jako je\u00a0<\/span>p\u016fj\u010dka ve v\u00fd\u0161i 1,2 miliardy juan\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na environment\u00e1ln\u00ed iniciativy v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, kter\u00e9 jsou v souladu s\u00a0<\/span>c\u00edli udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Toto zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na udr\u017eitelnost a infrastrukturu pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b stav\u00ed NDB jako dopln\u011bk \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 iniciativy BRI, jak\u00a0<\/span>zd\u016fraznil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0analytik Joseph Bouchard , t\u00edm, \u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed synergii, kter\u00e1 by mohla pos\u00edlit ekonomickou autonomii glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 si vzpomeneme, \u017ee samotn\u00e9 vytvo\u0159en\u00ed NDB bylo reakc\u00ed na vn\u00edmanou nerovnost finan\u010dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed ovl\u00e1dan\u00fdch Z\u00e1padem. Z\u00e1vazek banky poskytovat do roku 2026\u00a0<\/span>30 %<\/span><\/a>\u00a0sv\u00fdch \u00fav\u011br\u016f v m\u00edstn\u00edch m\u011bn\u00e1ch je p\u0159\u00edkr\u00fdm v\u00fdzvou pro hegemonii dolaru: jej\u00edm\u00a0<\/span>c\u00edlem je<\/span><\/a>\u00a0chr\u00e1nit \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty p\u0159ed volatilitou sm\u011bnn\u00fdch kurz\u016f a zm\u011bnami americk\u00e9 m\u011bnov\u00e9 politiky.\u00a0<\/span>Studie<\/span><\/a>\u00a0podporuje proveditelnost tohoto c\u00edle a nazna\u010duje, \u017ee \u201ezv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd obchod v r\u00e1mci BRICS by mohl sn\u00ed\u017eit z\u00e1vislost na americk\u00e9m dolaru pro transakce, zejm\u00e9na v kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9m horizontu\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento krok je v souladu s \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm \u00fasil\u00edm BRICS o prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed alternativn\u00edch platebn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, jako je BRICS Bridge, digit\u00e1ln\u00ed platforma pro p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed transakce vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny centr\u00e1ln\u00edch bank (CBDC).\u00a0<\/span>Diskuse<\/span><\/a>\u00a0rusk\u00e9ho prezidenta Vladimira Putina s Rousseffovou o t\u00e9to platform\u011b (b\u011bhem\u00a0<\/span>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho ekonomick\u00e9ho f\u00f3ra v Petrohradu<\/span><\/a>\u00a018. \u010dervna) signalizuj\u00ed strategick\u00fd tlak na budoucnost bez dolaru, co\u017e je v\u00fdvoj, o kter\u00e9m se v z\u00e1padn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00edch o\u010dividn\u011b nedostate\u010dn\u011b informovalo. Rusk\u00fd rubl, nyn\u00ed jedna z\u00a0<\/span>nejv\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u011bn,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0tuto agendu d\u00e1le posiluje a zpochyb\u0148uje dominanci dolaru v glob\u00e1ln\u00edm obchodu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed \u010dlenstv\u00ed NDB je dal\u0161\u00edm kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm rozm\u011brem jej\u00edho potenci\u00e1lu zm\u011bnit finan\u010dn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d. Zem\u011b jako\u00a0<\/span>\u00cdr\u00e1n<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>Uzbekist\u00e1n<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Kolumbie<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ned\u00e1vno usilovaly o \u010dlenstv\u00ed nebo ho zajistily (\u00a0<\/span>Al\u017e\u00edrsko<\/span><\/a>\u00a0se ofici\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ipojilo minul\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc). Mezit\u00edm \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed skupina BRICS, kter\u00e1 NDB zalo\u017eila, p\u0159itahuje zna\u010dnou pozornost, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e o \u010dlenstv\u00ed nebo partnersk\u00fd status usiluje v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 zem\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento rostouc\u00ed z\u00e1jem odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed atraktivitu NDB jako alternativy k z\u00e1padn\u00edm finan\u010dn\u00edm instituc\u00edm, zejm\u00e9na pro zem\u011b \u010del\u00edc\u00ed sankc\u00edm nebo usiluj\u00edc\u00ed o v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ekonomickou suverenitu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad snaha \u00cdr\u00e1nu o \u010dlenstv\u00ed podtrhuje roli banky jako finan\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1chrann\u00e9ho lana pro zem\u011b marginalizovan\u00e9 syst\u00e9mem veden\u00fdm Washingtonem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed BRICS a NDB v\u0161ak \u010del\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>v\u00fdzv\u00e1m<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, proto\u017ee integrace nov\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f bez oslaben\u00ed vlivu zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f (jako je\u00a0<\/span>Braz\u00edlie a Indie<\/span><\/a>\u00a0) vy\u017eaduje rovnov\u00e1hu, jeliko\u017e ob\u011b zem\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159ily opatrnost ohledn\u011b rychl\u00e9 expanze \u2013 zat\u00edmco \u010c\u00edna ji naopak prosazuje\u00a0<\/span>.<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Brazilsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed BRICS v roce 2025\u00a0<\/span>posiluje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0roli NDB uprost\u0159ed nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi USA a \u010c\u00ednou a je v souladu s investicemi Pekingu souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi s iniciativou BRI v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe. Obavy Indie, geopolitick\u00e1 volatilita a sankce v\u0161ak pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b omezuj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>schopnost NDB financovat projekty<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(\u00a0<\/span>39 miliard dolar\u016f ve 120 iniciativ\u00e1ch<\/span><\/a>\u00a0do roku 2025). Finan\u010dn\u00ed rizika nav\u00edc vy\u017eaduj\u00ed obez\u0159etnou spr\u00e1vu, aby si NDB udr\u017eela rating AA+ a stabilitu. Tyto v\u00fdzvy jsou dostate\u010dn\u011b re\u00e1ln\u00e9. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b NDB dosud prok\u00e1zala svou \u017eivotaschopnost.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jde ale o to, \u017ee NDB, v sou\u010dasnosti pod veden\u00edm Rousseffov\u00e9, nen\u00ed pouh\u00fdm dopl\u0148kem pekingsk\u00e9 iniciativy BRI, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm katalyz\u00e1torem \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed reorientace glob\u00e1ln\u00edch financ\u00ed. Jde to je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1l:\u00a0<\/span>Ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jsem se vyj\u00e1d\u0159il k tomu, jak dolar, fiat m\u011bna vydan\u00e1 USA, roz\u0161i\u0159uje americkou suverenitu po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, a\u010dkoliv nen\u00ed podpo\u0159ena \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm hmotn\u00fdm aktivem. \u010casto je\u00a0<\/span>zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jako zbra\u0148 jako \u201edolarov\u00e1 bomba\u201c a je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jak\u00e9hosi americk\u00e9ho de facto pr\u00e1va na razic\u00ed nad glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomikou \u2013 bez omezen\u00ed jak\u00fdchkoli emisn\u00edch pravidel. V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se tak\u00e9 stal zbran\u00ed syst\u00e9m SWIFT zalo\u017een\u00fd na dolaru. To dob\u0159e poslou\u017eilo americk\u00fdm aspirac\u00edm na hegemonii a m\u011blo by to b\u00fdt ch\u00e1p\u00e1no v r\u00e1mci \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho projektu s ekonomick\u00fdmi, politick\u00fdmi, vojensk\u00fdmi a dokonce i kulturn\u00edmi rozm\u011bry.<\/span><\/p>\n

NDB p\u0159\u00edmo ohro\u017euje toto v\u0161e a t\u00edm zpochyb\u0148uje finan\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na dolar. Takov\u00e1 v\u00fdzva m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00e9 geopolitick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky a nez\u016fstane bez odpov\u011bdi. Nap\u0159\u00edklad zat\u00edmco zem\u011b BRICS vyz\u00fdvaly k reform\u00e1m zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch pr\u00e1v \u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed (\u00a0<\/span>SDR<\/span><\/a>\u00a0) MMF, Washington opakovan\u011b\u00a0<\/span>blokoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0n\u00e1vrhy na zm\u011bny v syst\u00e9mech kv\u00f3t MMF nebo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ko\u0161\u016f SDR o j\u00fcan \u010di jin\u00e9 m\u011bny BRICS, aby se fakticky zachovala dominance dolaru. Trumpovy hrozby\u00a0<\/span>100% cly pro zem\u011b BRICS<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a st\u00e1le neimplementovan\u00e1 \u201edohoda Mar-a-Lago\u201c jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tohoto \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho kontextu a lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee se takov\u00e9 tlaky budou stup\u0148ovat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD.<\/a> v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n

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Nov\u00e1 rozvojov\u00e1 banka BRICS se st\u00e1v\u00e1 strategick\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro glob\u00e1ln\u00ed Jih v boji proti dominanci…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":82701,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,528,1161,45],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82700"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=82700"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82700\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/82701"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82700"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=82700"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=82700"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}