{"id":82282,"date":"2025-06-27T05:04:31","date_gmt":"2025-06-27T03:04:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=82282"},"modified":"2025-06-27T05:04:31","modified_gmt":"2025-06-27T03:04:31","slug":"odsunuje-nato-turecko-na-vedlejsi-kolej-turecka-otazka-v-alianci-riskuje-oslabeni-jejiho-jihovychodniho-kridla","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/06\/27\/odsunuje-nato-turecko-na-vedlejsi-kolej-turecka-otazka-v-alianci-riskuje-oslabeni-jejiho-jihovychodniho-kridla\/","title":{"rendered":"Odsunuje NATO Turecko na vedlej\u0161\u00ed kolej? \u201eTureck\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka\u201c v alianci riskuje oslaben\u00ed jej\u00edho jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edho k\u0159\u00eddla"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Erdogan po\u017eaduje bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k obchodu s obrann\u00fdmi technologiemi NATO a uch\u00e1z\u00ed se o po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed summitu v roce 2026. Uprost\u0159ed p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed ohledn\u011b n\u00e1kupu syst\u00e9m\u016f S-400 Tureckem a jeho vylou\u010den\u00ed z programu F-35 vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 pragmatick\u00e1 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politika Turecka debatu o jeho roli v NATO. Kritici zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed strategickou autonomii Turecka a zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed jednotu aliance. Dalo by se nam\u00edtnout, \u017ee na Z\u00e1pad\u011b dnes existuje \u201etureck\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka\u201c.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tureck\u00fd prezident Recep Tayyip Erdogan\u00a0<\/span>vyzval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0spojence NATO k bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u00e9mu odstran\u011bn\u00ed omezen\u00ed v obchodu s obrann\u00fdm zbo\u017e\u00edm a zopakoval kandidaturu sv\u00e9 zem\u011b na po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed summitu NATO v roce 2026. P\u0159ed setk\u00e1n\u00edm s americk\u00fdm prezidentem Trumpem na summitu NATO v Haagu uv\u00edtal p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed mezi \u00cdr\u00e1nem a Izraelem, kter\u00e9 zprost\u0159edkovali USA, a nast\u00ednil roli Turecka p\u0159i usnad\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edrov\u00fdch rozhovor\u016f mezi Ruskem a Ukrajinou. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed kritici v\u0161ak vn\u00edmaj\u00ed kroky Turecka jako vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je z\u00edskat strategickou autonomii a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zpochybnit z\u00e1padn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed normy. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed si dokonce p\u0159ej\u00ed, aby bylo Turecko\u00a0<\/span>vylou\u010deno<\/span><\/a>\u00a0z Atlantick\u00e9 smlouvy. Lze klidn\u011b nam\u00edtnout, \u017ee v r\u00e1mci Atlantick\u00e9 aliance a Z\u00e1padu dnes existuje \u201etureck\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka\u201c, kter\u00e1 je n\u011bkdy dokonce formulov\u00e1na v jazyce \u201est\u0159etu civilizac\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u0165 je to jakkoli, role Turecka v NATO se skute\u010dn\u011b stala \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l sporn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee rostouc\u00ed rozkol \u2013 poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd pragmatick\u00fdmi, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 provokativn\u00edmi man\u00e9vry zem\u011b \u2013 neust\u00e1le vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky o jej\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b v alianci ze z\u00e1padn\u00edho pohledu. Tureck\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady v Anka\u0159e sice ukotvuj\u00ed jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddlo NATO, ale \u010dasto se zdaj\u00ed hr\u00e1t roli \u201edivok\u00e9 karty\u201c, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sv\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va veta a prosazuj\u00ed nez\u00e1vislou agendu, kter\u00e1 se \u010dasto st\u0159et\u00e1v\u00e1 s prioritami Z\u00e1padu. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee vylou\u010den\u00ed Turecka z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch iniciativ NATO spolu s jeho pragmatick\u00fdmi anga\u017em\u00e1 s nez\u00e1padn\u00edmi mocnostmi podtrhuje \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzvu pro jednotu a efektivitu aliance.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tureck\u00e9 odsunut\u00ed se v r\u00e1mci NATO je nejz\u0159eteln\u011bji patrn\u00e9 v jeho\u00a0<\/span>vylou\u010den\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0z programu F-35. Rozhodnut\u00ed USA vyjmout Ankaru z t\u00e9to st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed obrann\u00e9 iniciativy pramenilo z n\u00e1kupu\u00a0<\/span>rusk\u00e9ho<\/span><\/a>\u00a0syst\u00e9mu protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany S-400 touto zem\u00ed, co\u017e vyvolalo nap\u011bt\u00ed a vedlo k sankc\u00edm podle z\u00e1kona o boji proti americk\u00fdm protivn\u00edk\u016fm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sankc\u00ed (\u00a0<\/span>CAATSA<\/span><\/a>\u00a0). Ot\u00e1zka S-400 z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 trval\u00fdm zdrojem nap\u011bt\u00ed a Atlantick\u00e1 aliance pova\u017euje akvizici Turecka za bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed riziko pro interoperabilitu aliance.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato epizoda v\u011bcn\u011b zd\u016fraz\u0148uje ochotu Turecka up\u0159ednost\u0148ovat vlastn\u00ed strategick\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy p\u0159ed kolektivn\u00edm r\u00e1mcem NATO, co\u017e je postoj, kter\u00fd ho odsunul na okraj pokro\u010dil\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce aliance. Dalo by se nam\u00edtnout, \u017ee absence Turecka na cvi\u010den\u00edch, jako je Arctic Challenge, a pobaltsk\u00fdch iniciativ\u00e1ch, jako je BALTOPS, tuto marginalizaci d\u00e1le podtrhuje. Zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed Ankary na \u010cern\u00e9 mo\u0159e, kde se sna\u017e\u00ed prosadit n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dominanci, ji nechalo n\u00e1padn\u011b ne\u00fa\u010dastnit se \u00fasil\u00ed NATO o pos\u00edlen\u00ed jeho severn\u00edho a v\u00fdchodn\u00edho k\u0159\u00eddla.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pragmatick\u00e1 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politika Turecka, kter\u00e1 je ve sv\u00fdch ambic\u00edch \u010dasto ozna\u010dov\u00e1na za\u00a0<\/span>neoosmanskou<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, komplikuje jeho vztahy s NATO. Prezident Erdogan se sna\u017e\u00ed o vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed vztah\u016f, anga\u017euje se v zem\u00edch BRICS a udr\u017euje vazby s Ruskem, i kdy\u017e vol\u00e1 po hlub\u0161\u00ed integraci v r\u00e1mci NATO.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato dualita stav\u00ed Turecko do rozporu s politick\u00fdm Z\u00e1padem, kter\u00fd se na takov\u00e9to anga\u017em\u00e1 d\u00edv\u00e1 s podez\u0159en\u00edm. Nap\u0159\u00edklad veto Ankary ohledn\u011b pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce NATO s Izraelem v roce 2022 prok\u00e1zalo jej\u00ed ochotu vyu\u017e\u00edt sv\u016fj vliv k utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed alian\u010dn\u00ed politiky, \u010dasto ve snaze o dosa\u017een\u00ed vlastn\u00edch geopolitick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f. Toto veto, zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e9 v dom\u00e1c\u00edch politick\u00fdch \u00favah\u00e1ch Turecka a jeho postoji k palestinsk\u00e9 ot\u00e1zce, odhalilo k\u0159ehkou jednotu NATO, zejm\u00e9na ve spojen\u00ed s prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edm \u0159ecko-tureck\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm, co\u017e je t\u00e9ma, o kter\u00e9m jsem se ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve\u00a0<\/span>vyjad\u0159oval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b maj\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed kritici pravdu: Turecko obvykle odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed promy\u0161lenou strategii maximalizace sv\u00e9ho vlivu v r\u00e1mci NATO a z\u00e1rove\u0148 prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch region\u00e1ln\u00edch ambic\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tureck\u00e1 agenda v\u0161ak nen\u00ed bez rozpor\u016f. Zat\u00edmco pragmatismus Ankary j\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje orientovat se mezi V\u00fdchodem a Z\u00e1padem, jej\u00ed snaha o region\u00e1ln\u00ed hegemonii \u2013 \u010dasto ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 jako panturkismus, turanismus nebo neoosmanismus \u2013 riskuje odcizen\u00ed nejen spojenc\u016f NATO, ale i dal\u0161\u00edch mocnost\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b Ruska. Ankarsk\u00e9 ambice ve St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii, na Kavkaze a v oblasti \u010cern\u00e9ho mo\u0159e skute\u010dn\u011b vyvolaly obavy z jej\u00edch expanzivn\u00edch tendenc\u00ed. V \u010cern\u00e9m mo\u0159i pos\u00edlilo tureck\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo jeho region\u00e1ln\u00ed vliv a jeho role p\u0159i zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed dohody o obil\u00ed s Ukrajinou, ale tyto kroky tak\u00e9 signalizuj\u00ed touhu prosadit dominanci ve strategicky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 oblasti. Tato n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed ambice, i kdy\u017e dosud nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo konfronta\u010dn\u00ed s Ruskem, nese potenci\u00e1l pro budouc\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed, vzhledem k p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm se z\u00e1jm\u016fm v regionu, jak jsem ji\u017e\u00a0<\/span>uvedl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Status Turecka jako divok\u00e9 karty tedy nen\u00ed jen v\u00fdzvou pro NATO, ale \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm geopolitick\u00fdm hazardem, kter\u00fd by mohl destabilizovat jeho vztahy s mnoha akt\u00e9ry.<\/span><\/p>\n

Reakce NATO na chov\u00e1n\u00ed Ankary byla v nejlep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nekonzistentn\u00ed. Jasn\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed Aliance na pos\u00edlen\u00ed sv\u00e9ho severn\u00edho a v\u00fdchodn\u00edho k\u0159\u00eddla \u2013 patrn\u00e9 z jej\u00ed siln\u00e9 podpory iniciativ v Baltsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i a Arktid\u011b \u2013 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jde na \u00fakor jej\u00edho jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edho k\u0159\u00eddla. Nedostate\u010dn\u011b informovan\u00e9 zanedb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto regionu, kde Turecko z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm hr\u00e1\u010dem, riskuje vytvo\u0159en\u00ed strategick\u00e9 zranitelnosti. \u010cern\u00e9 mo\u0159e, ohnisko nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi NATO a Ruskem, by z pohledu Z\u00e1padu vy\u017eadovalo soudr\u017enou alian\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost, ale samotn\u00e1 tureck\u00e1 \u201emarginalizace\u201c (tak \u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc) tuto skute\u010dnost podkop\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00edm, \u017ee NATO \u201eodsunulo\u201c Turecko na vedlej\u0161\u00ed kolej, ne\u00famysln\u011b oslabuje svou schopnost prom\u00edtat moc ve St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed a na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b, kde je geografick\u00e1 poloha a vojensk\u00e9 schopnosti Ankary nepostradateln\u00e9. A to navzdory\u00a0<\/span>vlastn\u00edm ambic\u00edm<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Aliance t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edm se Eurasie. Tolik k tvrzen\u00edm NATO o jednot\u011b; neschopnost Aliance pln\u011b integrovat Turecko do sv\u00e9ho strategick\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce ve skute\u010dnosti odhaluje jej\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed rozpory.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pragmatick\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edch z\u00e1jm\u016f Turecka, jako jsou energetick\u00e9 dohody s Ruskem a asertivita ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed, naru\u0161uje soudr\u017enost NATO. Zat\u00edmco Erdoganovy v\u00fdzvy k obrann\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci se zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt s t\u011bmito kroky v rozporu, sankce a vylu\u010dovac\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed NATO jsou tak\u00e9 kr\u00e1tkozrak\u00e9, a to op\u011bt ze z\u00e1padn\u00edho pohledu, proto\u017ee riskuj\u00ed, \u017ee Ankaru dotla\u010d\u00ed k alternativn\u00edm form\u00e1m a oslab\u00ed strategickou pozici Aliance.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eTureck\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka\u201c je tedy dostate\u010dn\u011b re\u00e1ln\u00e1, ale zdaleka nen\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>jedin\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0NATO . Jak jsem ji\u017e uvedl, korup\u010dn\u00ed skand\u00e1ly a vnit\u0159n\u00ed rozpory, kter\u00e9 dnes pron\u00e1sleduj\u00ed atlantickou organizaci, odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed hlub\u0161\u00ed krizi Z\u00e1padu, jeho\u017e \u00fapadek nen\u00ed pouze vojensk\u00e9 nebo \u010dist\u011b ekonomick\u00e9 povahy, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e je ot\u00e1zkou legitimity a mor\u00e1ln\u00edho bankrotu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD.<\/a> v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n

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Erdogan po\u017eaduje bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k obchodu s obrann\u00fdmi technologiemi NATO a uch\u00e1z\u00ed se o po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":82283,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,56,39,55,814],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82282"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=82282"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82282\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/82283"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82282"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=82282"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=82282"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}