{"id":81929,"date":"2025-06-23T00:24:35","date_gmt":"2025-06-22T22:24:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=81929"},"modified":"2025-06-22T12:43:03","modified_gmt":"2025-06-22T10:43:03","slug":"na-americany-cekaji-iranska-prekvapeni-co-pro-ne-ma-teheran-pripraveno","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/06\/23\/na-americany-cekaji-iranska-prekvapeni-co-pro-ne-ma-teheran-pripraveno\/","title":{"rendered":"Na Ameri\u010dany \u010dekaj\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed: Co pro n\u011b m\u00e1 Teher\u00e1n p\u0159ipraveno"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

J\u00e1drem \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 \u201ehrozby\u201c je to, co nen\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u011b viditeln\u00e9: raketov\u00fd arzen\u00e1l p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed deklarovan\u00fd dolet a taktick\u00e1 p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by mohla naru\u0161it washingtonsk\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty a zkomplikovat jeho mo\u017enosti.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V roce 2012 m\u011bl \u00cdr\u00e1n ji\u017e 11 000 raket r\u016fzn\u00e9ho doletu nam\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdch proti Izraeli. Toto mno\u017estv\u00ed bylo vy\u010dlen\u011bno pro raketov\u00e9 \u00fadery, krom\u011b des\u00edtek tis\u00edc dal\u0161\u00edch raket.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\"\"Tel Aviv v noci ze 17. na 18. \u010dervna 2025<\/em><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly n\u00e1sledn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ily po\u010det z\u00e1vod\u016f na v\u00fdrobu raket a nyn\u00ed maj\u00ed dv\u011b v\u00fdrobn\u00ed linky v provozu 24 hodin denn\u011b: jednu v tov\u00e1rn\u00e1ch ministerstva obrany a druhou v tov\u00e1rn\u00e1ch leteck\u00fdch sil Revolu\u010dn\u00edch gard. \u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00fd v\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdzkum a zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed technologick\u00e9ho pokroku v\u0161ak v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bly k v\u00fdvoji t\u011bchto raket, kter\u00e9 nyn\u00ed maj\u00ed dolet 2 500 kilometr\u016f. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se usilovalo o p\u0159em\u011bnu t\u011bchto schopnost\u00ed na st\u0159ely s bezprost\u0159edn\u00edm dosahem s toleranc\u00ed chyby a\u017e sedm metr\u016f a a\u017e pades\u00e1t metr\u016f.<\/div>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed, v\u011bdom\u00e9 si z\u00e1va\u017enosti hrozby v\u00e1lky, se proto defenzivn\u011b p\u0159ipravilo na nebezpe\u010d\u00ed americk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a zam\u011b\u0159ilo se na v\u00fdrobu raket, kter\u00e9 by jim umo\u017enily v\u00e9st v\u00e1lku proti Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm, zas\u00e1hnout jejich z\u00e1kladny a vy\u010derpat je v regionu. Pokud jde o izraelsk\u00fd \u201epod\u00edl\u201c, byl p\u0159ipraven a vybaven na dlouhodobou v\u00e1lku, schopnou hluboce zas\u00e1hnout tento subjekt po dlouhou dobu. Raketov\u00e9 s\u00edly Revolu\u010dn\u00edch gard tak\u00e9 braly ot\u00e1zku z\u00e1sob v\u00e1\u017en\u011b a z\u0159\u00eddily \u201eraketov\u00e1 m\u011bsta\u201c pro jejich skladov\u00e1n\u00ed po cel\u00e9m \u00cdr\u00e1nu, vzhledem k mo\u017enosti dlouhodob\u00e9 konfrontace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 se sna\u017eili zv\u00fd\u0161it ni\u010divou s\u00edlu raket t\u00edm, \u017ee je vybavili hlavicemi o hmotnosti a\u017e dvou tun. Sn\u00ed\u017eili tak\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f pou\u017eit\u00fdch v konstrukci raket a zvolili uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna, co\u017e jim dalo v\u00fdhodu v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a del\u0161\u00edho doletu, stejn\u011b jako schopnost maskovat je p\u0159ed radarem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokroky v doletu a p\u0159esnosti si tak\u00e9 vy\u017e\u00e1daly v\u00fdvoj hlavic vybaven\u00fdch \u017eebry, kter\u00e9 jim umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed korigovat trajektorii a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se vyhnout elektronick\u00e9mu ru\u0161en\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se minimalizuje tolerance chyb. \u00cdr\u00e1n d\u00e1le pracoval na p\u0159evodu v\u011bt\u0161iny sv\u00fdch raket z kapaln\u00e9ho paliva na tuh\u00e9 palivo a \u201ekompozitn\u00ed\u201c tuh\u00e9 palivo. To nab\u00edz\u00ed v\u00fdhodu z hlediska rychl\u00e9ho skladov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpravy k odp\u00e1len\u00ed z pevn\u00fdch i mobiln\u00edch platforem, nad i pod zem\u00ed, a zlep\u0161uje stabilitu a p\u0159esnost letu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco rakety dlouh\u00e9ho doletu si z\u00edskaly nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozornost, balistick\u00e9 rakety st\u0159edn\u00edho doletu z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem a skute\u010dnou hrozbou pro americk\u00e9 s\u00edly.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento v\u00fdvoj raket se v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zal jako nedostate\u010dn\u00fd. \u00cdr\u00e1n proto vyvinul man\u00e9vrovateln\u00e9 rakety, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako hypersonick\u00e9 st\u0159ely, a to krom\u011b st\u0159el s plochou dr\u00e1hou letu dlouh\u00e9ho doletu a r\u016fzn\u00fdch model\u016f dron\u016f schopn\u00fdch dos\u00e1hnout doletu 2 000 kilometr\u016f. Za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed, \u017ee nov\u00e9 hypersonick\u00e9 st\u0159ely Fateh a Fateh 2 jsou prim\u00e1rn\u011b navr\u017eeny k c\u00edlen\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje balistick\u00fdm st\u0159el\u00e1m dos\u00e1hnout sv\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f bez zachycen\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e je zaji\u0161t\u011bna vysok\u00e1 m\u00edra \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nosti se sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm po\u010dtem st\u0159el.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco rakety dlouh\u00e9ho doletu si z\u00edskaly nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozornost, balistick\u00e9 rakety st\u0159edn\u00edho doletu, rakety zem\u011b-zem\u011b Fateh a rakety zem\u011b-mo\u0159e Hormuz s doletem 300 km, z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem a skute\u010dnou hrozbou pro americk\u00e9 s\u00edly. To je d\u00e1no jejich rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00edm na jihu zem\u011b a pod\u00e9l \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a jejich schopnost\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159it se na v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lod\u011b a z\u00e1padn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo\u0159sk\u00fd p\u00e1s Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu, od \u0160att al-Arab po Hormuzsk\u00fd pr\u016fliv a Om\u00e1nsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e.<\/span><\/p>\n

To p\u0159edstavuje v\u00e1\u017enou hrozbu pro americk\u00e9 pozemn\u00ed a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1kladny v regionu. Je pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee izraelsk\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed se zam\u011b\u0159uje na jadern\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a raketov\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny v z\u00e1padn\u00edm a st\u0159edn\u00edm \u00cdr\u00e1nu, zat\u00edmco n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed a raketov\u00e1 infrastruktura na jihu zem\u011b nebyla zasa\u017eena. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd subjekt pova\u017euje tyto oblasti za pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9 d\u011bji\u0161t\u011b \u00edr\u00e1nsko-americk\u00e9ho st\u0159etu, a t\u00edm omezuje opera\u010dn\u00ed mise izraelsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy prim\u00e1rn\u011b na z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1n a hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Teher\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoliv je uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fd dolet \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdch raket 2 000 km, zem\u011b \u00fadajn\u011b vlastn\u00ed rakety s doletem a\u017e 4 000 km, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak nebyly ozn\u00e1meny, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo obav\u00e1m mezi evropsk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi. Zde je stru\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159ehled nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdch raket.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Hypersonick\u00e9 st\u0159ely:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2022<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u201eFateh\u201c: Prvn\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 hypersonick\u00e1 st\u0159ela. M\u00e1 dolet 1 400 km a rychlost Mach 13 a\u017e 15 (1 Mach = 1 235 km\/h, tedy p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 17 000 km\/h). Jej\u00ed hlavice je schopna man\u00e9vrovat po opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry, co\u017e j\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje proniknout syst\u00e9my protiraketov\u00e9 obrany.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u201eFateh 2\u201c: hypersonick\u00e1 st\u0159ela nov\u00e9 generace.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u201eKhaybar Shekan\u201c: Raketa je dlouh\u00e1 10,5 metru a v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed 4,5 tuny a je poh\u00e1n\u011bna hypergolick\u00fdm kapaln\u00fdm palivem. Jej\u00ed 1500 kg hlavice se po opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry odd\u011bl\u00ed a zaji\u0161\u0165uje jej\u00ed nav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed mimo atmosf\u00e9ru pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esnost. Jej\u00ed dolet je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1400 km.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Balistick\u00e9 st\u0159ely st\u0159edn\u00edho doletu (MRBM):<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2022<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u201eSid\u017ed\u017eil\u201c: st\u0159ela na tuh\u00e9 palivo, schopn\u00e1 ni\u010dit c\u00edle ve vzd\u00e1lenosti 2 000 km.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u201eSijjil-2\u201c: vylep\u0161en\u00e1 verze \u201eSijjilu\u201c s krat\u0161\u00ed dobou odpalu, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed provozn\u00ed rychlost\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161enou p\u0159esnost\u00ed a\u017e na m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 50 metr\u016f d\u00edky p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed nav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edch ploutve na hlavici.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u201e\u0160ahab-3\u201c: Jedna z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdch raket na kapaln\u00e9 palivo s doletem p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2 000 km. Slou\u017eila jako z\u00e1klad pro v\u00fdvoj mnoha n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdch raket.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u201eEmad\u201c: jeho dolet je 2000 km. Vzhledem k vysok\u00e9 nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce nad atmosf\u00e9rou a n\u00e1vratov\u00e9 rychlosti vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Mach 12 je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 jej zachytit protivzdu\u0161nou obranou.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u201eGhadr\u201c: s prom\u011bnn\u00fdm doletem (1700 a\u017e 2000 km), pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 kapaln\u00e9 palivo.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u201eChorramshahr-4\u201c (Chaybar): Poh\u00e1n\u011bna \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm motorem a vysoce reaktivn\u00edm palivem m\u00e1 dolet 2000 km, hlavici 1500 km a dobu p\u0159\u00edpravy na start zkr\u00e1cenou na 12 minut.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Balistick\u00e9 st\u0159ely kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho doletu (SRBM):<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2022<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Shahab 1 a 2: Reverzn\u011b navr\u017een\u00e9 a vylep\u0161en\u00e9 modely raket Scud s doletem p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 300 a 500 km.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Rodina Fateh (Fateh 110, Zolfaghar, Dezful): Vyzna\u010duje se velkou p\u0159esnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Haj Qassem: Tato sedmitunov\u00e1 st\u0159ela byla pojmenov\u00e1na na po\u010dest mu\u010dedn\u00edka K\u00e1sema Solejm\u00e1n\u00edho. M\u00e1 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlost 12 Mach\u016f, dolet 1 400 a\u017e 1 800 km a p\u0159esnost men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 10 metr\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

od\u00a0Jonase E. Alexise<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

J\u00e1drem \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 \u201ehrozby\u201c je to, co nen\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u011b viditeln\u00e9: raketov\u00fd arzen\u00e1l p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed deklarovan\u00fd dolet a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":81930,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[38,349,37,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81929"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81929"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81929\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81930"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81929"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=81929"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=81929"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}