{"id":81766,"date":"2025-06-21T00:24:48","date_gmt":"2025-06-20T22:24:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=81766"},"modified":"2025-06-20T13:46:37","modified_gmt":"2025-06-20T11:46:37","slug":"odhaleni-stavu-nucene-prace-ve-veznicich-ve-spojenych-statech-americkych","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/06\/21\/odhaleni-stavu-nucene-prace-ve-veznicich-ve-spojenych-statech-americkych\/","title":{"rendered":"Odhalen\u00ed stavu nucen\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce ve v\u011bznic\u00edch ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech americk\u00fdch"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V syst\u00e9mu americk\u00fdch v\u011bznic se lid\u00e9 v\u00edce ne\u017e 1.2 milion v\u011bzn\u00ed a 0.8 milion z nich jsou nuceni k pr\u00e1ci. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee maj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stejn\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed podm\u00ednky jako lid\u00e9 mimo v\u011bznice, ale skute\u010dn\u011b ti v\u011bzni jsou \u00fapln\u011b ovl\u00e1d\u00e1ni a zbaveni nejpodstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pracovn\u00ed ochrany. Report\u00e1\u017e ITUCu odhal\u00ed syst\u00e9movou nespravedlnost a vyzve k reform\u011b.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9my z minulosti<\/strong><\/h3>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee otroctv\u00ed bylo ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zru\u0161eno podle 13. dodatku \u00dastavy, pr\u00e1vn\u00ed skulina st\u00e1le umo\u017e\u0148uje nucen\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed byli odsouzeni za zlo\u010din. Po ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce jsou mnoho \u010dernoch\u016f v\u011bzn\u011bn a nucena zp\u011bt do \u0161patn\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u0159adou ji\u017en\u00edmi st\u00e1ty. V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b je\u0161t\u011b pokra\u010duje tento historick\u00fd st\u00edn – 76 procent v\u011bz\u0148\u016f uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee jsou nuceni k pr\u00e1ci pod hrozbou trest\u016f nebo samovazby, pokud odm\u00edtnou. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejsou ochr\u00e1n\u011bni se souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi z\u00e1kony o nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed mzd\u011b, p\u0159es\u010dasu, pracovn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti apod. Distribuce jejich pr\u00e1ce je diskrimina\u010dn\u00ed, v\u017edy nemaj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo vybrat a mus\u00ed \u010dasto d\u011blat nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci kv\u016fli sv\u00fdm ras\u00e1m nebo pohlav\u00edm.<\/p>\n

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N\u00edzk\u00e9 mzdy i syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Miliony v\u011bz\u0148\u016f pracuj\u00ed za minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzdu \u2013 nebo v\u016fbec bez n\u00e1roku na odm\u011bnu \u2013 pro soukrom\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti i st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 mzdy za hodinu je mezi 13 do 52 americk\u00fdch cent\u016f v r\u016fzn\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. V\u011bt\u0161ina v\u011bz\u0148\u016f v jednotliv\u00fdch st\u00e1tech nap\u0159. Alabama, Arkansas, Florida atd. nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 odm\u011bny. D\u011bln\u00edci ve v\u011bzn\u00edch mus\u00ed v\u0161ak zaplatit mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady za j\u00eddla, bydlen\u00ed, soud a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bznic, co\u017e vede k ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy. \u00damorn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f ale pom\u016f\u017ee vl\u00e1d\u011b i soukrom\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem vyd\u011blat velk\u00fd majetek. Podle report\u00e1\u017ee d\u011blnici ve v\u011bznic vytvo\u0159\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 i soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty pro vl\u00e1du i spole\u010dnosti. Ro\u010dn\u011b zhotov\u00ed v\u011bzni zbo\u017e\u00ed nap\u0159. n\u00e1bytky, uniformy i potraviny v cenu ve v\u00fd\u0161i 2 miliardy a z\u00e1rove\u0148 poskytne ve\u0159ejnou slu\u017ebu nap\u0159. \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, ha\u0161en\u00ed a krizov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1by v hodnot\u011b 9 miliard.<\/p>\n

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Rasismus p\u0159i pracovn\u00ed distribuci<\/strong><\/h3>\n

B\u011blo\u0161i v\u017edy z\u00edskaj\u00ed leh\u010d\u00ed pr\u00e1ce ne\u017e lid\u00e9 tmav\u00e9 pleti. V Louisiana se 74 procent v\u011bz\u0148\u016f jsou \u010derno\u0161i a v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich zab\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00fdsadbou, pran\u00edm, \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm apod., m\u00e1 m\u00e1lo p\u0159est\u00e1vek, pije vodu v omezen\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b a nem\u00e1 ani z\u00e1chod. V takov\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010dasto nejsou b\u011blo\u0161i. Nen\u00ed trochu zn\u00e1m\u00e1 takov\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159? Jak funguje je neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u011b stejn\u00e9 jako p\u0159ed 150 rok\u016f. Kv\u016fli pracov\u00e1n\u00edm v m\u00edst\u011b s p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 omezen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dovednost\u00ed nedos\u00e1hne v\u011bt\u0161ina d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f tmav\u00e9 pleti schopnost, kterou jsou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n v trhu mimo v\u011bznice, proto po propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u010dasto \u010del\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, aby na\u0161el novou pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n

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Reformu nutn\u011b pot\u0159ebujeme<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Syst\u00e9m d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f ve v\u011bzn\u00edch poskytnul jednu z nejtajn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch forem vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed a nechal pokra\u010dovat rasismus i \u00fatisk z minulosti, co\u017e p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ee v\u011bz\u0148\u016fm v uskute\u010d\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 renovace a vr\u00e1cen\u00ed do spole\u010dnosti. Je pot\u0159eba zru\u0161it nucenou pr\u00e1ce a ochr\u00e1nit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo v\u011bz\u0148\u016f, to nen\u00ed jenom pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed recidiv, ale je je\u0161t\u011b nutn\u00fdm pokrokem, abychom obhajovali jejich d\u016fstojnosti, h\u00e1jili jejich z\u00e1jmy a m\u011bli spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\nITUC report\u00e1\u017e<\/a>\n

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Libu\u0161e Mutlov\u00e1<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V syst\u00e9mu americk\u00fdch v\u011bznic se lid\u00e9 v\u00edce ne\u017e 1.2 milion v\u011bzn\u00ed a 0.8 milion z…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":69761,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,37,1598],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81766"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81766"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81766\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":81768,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81766\/revisions\/81768"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/69761"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81766"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=81766"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=81766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}