{"id":81021,"date":"2025-06-12T00:21:05","date_gmt":"2025-06-11T22:21:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=81021"},"modified":"2025-06-11T14:12:18","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T12:12:18","slug":"tichy-nepritel-ve-slepem-streve-proc-maji-milenialove-ctyrnasobne-vyssi-riziko-rakoviny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/06\/12\/tichy-nepritel-ve-slepem-streve-proc-maji-milenialove-ctyrnasobne-vyssi-riziko-rakoviny\/","title":{"rendered":"Tich\u00fd nep\u0159\u00edtel ve slep\u00e9m st\u0159ev\u011b: Pro\u010d maj\u00ed mileni\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159n\u00e1sobn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko rakoviny"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Rakovina slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed mezi mlad\u00fdmi dosp\u011bl\u00fdmi. Jedn\u00e1 se o velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00fd druh rakoviny, kter\u00fd nyn\u00ed p\u0159itahuje pozornost. Pro\u010d maj\u00ed mileni\u00e1lov\u00e9 tak v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko vzniku t\u00e9to nemoci ne\u017e p\u0159edchoz\u00ed generace?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e herec seri\u00e1lu \u201eX-Men\u201c Adan Canto zem\u0159el v lednu 2024 ve v\u011bku pouh\u00fdch 42 let na n\u00e1dor ve slep\u00e9m st\u0159ev\u011b, do centra pozornosti se dostal typ rakoviny tak vz\u00e1cn\u00fd, \u017ee si ho mnoho l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f nikdy nev\u0161imne. Co se v\u0161ak zpo\u010d\u00e1tku zd\u00e1lo jako tragick\u00e1 ojedin\u011bl\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost, se p\u0159i bli\u017e\u0161\u00edm zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed uk\u00e1zalo jako sou\u010d\u00e1st znepokojiv\u00e9ho trendu:\u00a0<\/span>rakovina slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed mezi mlad\u0161\u00edmi dosp\u011bl\u00fdmi rychlost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 znepokojuje onkology po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/strong> \u010c\u00edsla mluv\u00ed sama za sebe \u2013 a vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 sahaj\u00ed daleko za r\u00e1mec mal\u00e9ho, \u010dervovit\u00e9ho v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eku st\u0159eva.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 studie v \u010dasopise Annals of Internal Medicine s n\u00e1zvem \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Vliv kohorty narozen\u00ed na v\u00fdskyt adenokarcinomu slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c odhaluje d\u011bsiv\u00fd rozsah:\u00a0<\/span>Lid\u00e9 narozen\u00ed v polovin\u011b 80. let 20. stolet\u00ed maj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko rakoviny slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva ne\u017e generace narozen\u00e1 ve 40. letech 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se slep\u00e9 st\u0159evo stane smrteln\u00fdm<\/span><\/h2>\n

Slep\u00e9 st\u0159evo \u2013 l\u00e9ka\u0159sky zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako \u010dervovit\u00fd slep\u00fd st\u0159evo \u2013 bylo dlouho pova\u017eov\u00e1no za evolu\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eitek bez funkce. Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum v\u0161ak ukazuje, \u017ee tento prst tlust\u00fd a \u0161est a\u017e deset centimetr\u016f dlouh\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eek tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva m\u016f\u017ee hr\u00e1t d\u016fle\u017eitou roli ve zdrav\u00ed st\u0159ev. Je ironi\u00ed, \u017ee tento velmi mal\u00fd org\u00e1n, ur\u010den\u00fd k podpo\u0159e na\u0161eho imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, se s\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t smrteln\u00fdm nep\u0159\u00edtelem.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z Vanderbiltovy univerzity analyzovali data z registru rakoviny od roku 1975 do roku 2019 a identifikovali 4 858 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f rakoviny slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch ve v\u011bku 20 let a star\u0161\u00edch. V\u00fdsledky vykresluj\u00ed jasn\u00fd genera\u010dn\u00ed obraz:\u00a0<\/span>I kdy\u017e toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 vz\u00e1cn\u00e9, s p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1\u20132 p\u0159\u00edpady na milion lid\u00ed, jeho v\u00fdskyt roste v pr\u016fm\u011bru o 3,7 procenta ro\u010dn\u011b \u2013 co\u017e je v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e typick\u00fdch 1\u20132 procenta u jin\u00fdch druh\u016f rakoviny.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u201eVid\u00edme, \u017ee rakovina slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva se nejrychleji zvy\u0161uje u lid\u00ed mlad\u0161\u00edch 50 let,\u201c\u00a0<\/span>vysv\u011btluje Andreana Holowatyjov\u00e1<\/span><\/a> , molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed biolo\u017eka a klinick\u00e1 epidemiolo\u017eka z L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho centra Vanderbiltovy univerzity a spoluautorka studie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Neviditeln\u00fd zabij\u00e1k: Pro\u010d diagn\u00f3za obvykle p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b<\/span><\/h2>\n

Rakovina slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u00e1 d\u00edky sv\u00e9mu mistrovstv\u00ed v kamufl\u00e1\u017ei.\u00a0<\/span>P\u0159\u00edznaky \u2013 p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed bolesti b\u0159icha, nad\u00fdm\u00e1n\u00ed, bolest v p\u00e1nvi a hmatateln\u00e9 masy v b\u0159i\u0161e \u2013 jsou tak podobn\u00e9 ne\u0161kodn\u00fdm za\u017e\u00edvac\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm, \u017ee i zku\u0161en\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i zpo\u010d\u00e1tku mysl\u00ed na v\u0161echno ostatn\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Holowatyj\u016fv t\u00fdm provedl pr\u016fzkum 352 pacient\u016f a zjistil, \u017ee 77 procent z nich m\u011blo p\u0159\u00edznaky ji\u017e p\u0159ed diagn\u00f3zou a v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina trp\u011bla t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce nebo d\u00e9le.<\/span><\/p>\n

Osudov\u00e9 dilema:\u00a0<\/span>Neexistuj\u00ed ani zaveden\u00e9 screeningov\u00e9 metody, ani preventivn\u00ed pokyny pro rakovinu slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Kolonoskopie z\u0159\u00eddka odhal\u00ed n\u00e1dory ve slep\u00e9m st\u0159ev\u011b a zobrazovac\u00ed techniky je \u010dasto zcela minou \u2013 zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pokud slep\u00e9 st\u0159evo nen\u00ed jasn\u011b viditeln\u00e9 nebo se rakovina projevuje neobvykl\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem.\u00a0<\/span>T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovina v\u0161ech pacient\u016f je diagnostikov\u00e1na a\u017e pot\u00e9, co se rakovina roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila do dal\u0161\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f.<\/span><\/strong> \u201eJako mileni\u00e1l \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m sv\u00fdm vrstevn\u00edk\u016fm toto: Pokud se v\u00e1m n\u011bco zd\u00e1 \u0161patn\u011b, ozv\u011bte se,\u201c varuje Holowatyj. \u201eJe lep\u0161\u00ed se pod\u00edvat a m\u00fdlit se, ne\u017e \u010dekat a b\u00fdt diagnostikov\u00e1n pozd\u011b.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e1danka generace: prost\u0159ed\u00ed, geny nebo oboj\u00ed?<\/span><\/h2>\n

V\u011bdci \u010del\u00ed skl\u00e1da\u010dce, jej\u00ed\u017e d\u00edlky se jen pomalu skl\u00e1daj\u00ed dohromady.\u00a0<\/span>Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee lid\u00e9 narozen\u00ed kolem roku 1980 maj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159ikr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee se u nich rozvine onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, ne\u017e generace z roku 1945 a ti narozen\u00ed kolem roku 1985 \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, nazna\u010duje takzvan\u00fd \u201eefekt kohorty narozen\u00ed\u201c \u2013 jev, kdy lid\u00e9 stejn\u00e9 generace sd\u00edlej\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 vlivy prost\u0159ed\u00ed nebo chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed riziko onemocn\u011bn\u00ed o n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed pozd\u011bji.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0V\u011bdci zjistili zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd v\u00fdskyt v\u0161ech hlavn\u00edch typ\u016f n\u00e1dor\u016f slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u00e1dory z poh\u00e1rkov\u00fdch bun\u011bk, kter\u00e9 se vyskytuj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b ve slep\u00e9m st\u0159ev\u011b, jsou u generace z roku 1980 p\u011btkr\u00e1t \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 samostatn\u00e1 studie v\u00a0<\/span>\u010dasopise JAMA Oncology<\/span><\/a>\u00a0odhalila mo\u017en\u00fd genetick\u00fd d\u00edlek skl\u00e1da\u010dky:\u00a0<\/span>V\u00edce ne\u017e jeden z deseti pacient\u016f s rakovinou slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva nese genovou mutaci spojenou s rakovinou \u2013 co\u017e nazna\u010duje mo\u017enou d\u011bdi\u010dnou slo\u017eku.<\/span><\/strong> Holowatyjov\u00e9 laborato\u0159 usilovn\u011b pracuje na rozlu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010din tohoto n\u00e1r\u016fstu, ale zat\u00edm bylo dosa\u017eeno jen mal\u00e9ho pokroku. \u201eNen\u00ed to jen v\u011bk a nen\u00ed to jen to, \u017ee nach\u00e1z\u00edme v\u00edce p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, proto\u017ee hled\u00e1me intenzivn\u011bji,\u201c zd\u016fraz\u0148uje. \u201eP\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1m zat\u00edm pln\u011b nerozum\u00edme \u2013 ale pr\u00e1v\u011b proto pot\u0159ebujeme v\u00edce v\u00fdzkumu a pov\u011bdom\u00ed.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Antibiotika m\u00edsto skalpelu: Ne\u010dekan\u00e9 dilema<\/span><\/h2>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed aspekt komplikuje ji\u017e tak obt\u00ed\u017enou diagn\u00f3zu:\u00a0<\/span>Zat\u00edmco v minulosti byl t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad apendicitidy l\u00e9\u010den chirurgicky, dnes se l\u00e9ka\u0159i st\u00e1le v\u00edce spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na antibiotika. Tento v\u00fdvoj by v\u0161ak mohl p\u0159isp\u011bt k odd\u00e1len\u00ed diagn\u00f3zy rakoviny, proto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina n\u00e1dor\u016f slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva je objevena pouze n\u00e1hodn\u011b b\u011bhem apendektomie.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u201eAntibiotika nemohou eliminovat n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, pokud jsou p\u0159\u00edtomny,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Holowatyj. \u201ePokud je p\u0159\u00edtomen n\u00e1dor, m\u016f\u017ee nechirurgick\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba apendicitidy ji\u017e tak obt\u00ed\u017enou diagn\u00f3zu d\u00e1le odd\u00e1lit.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento trend odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed posun ve vzorc\u00edch rakoviny, kter\u00fd se nemus\u00ed omezovat pouze na slep\u00e9 st\u0159evo, ale odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed rizika pro celkov\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00edho traktu.\u00a0<\/span>Podobn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst je patrn\u00fd i u dal\u0161\u00edch \u010dasn\u00fdch druh\u016f rakoviny gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00edho traktu, v\u010detn\u011b rakoviny tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva a \u017ealudku u mlad\u0161\u00edch dosp\u011bl\u00fdch.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Tyto trendy by mohly souviset se zm\u011bnami ve strav\u011b, mikrobiomu, z\u00e1n\u011btem, expozic\u00ed v ran\u00e9m v\u011bku a od roku 2021 s experiment\u00e1ln\u00edmi injekcemi genu mRNA proti COVID-19 nebo s dosud neidentifikovan\u00fdmi faktory prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hled\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bd\u00ed: Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed detektivn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce<\/span><\/h2>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce, jako je\u00a0<\/span>Appendiceal Cancer Consortium,<\/span><\/a> pracuje na identifikaci b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch rizikov\u00fdch faktor\u016f prost\u0159ed\u00ed a \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu \u2013 od expozice v ran\u00e9m v\u011bku p\u0159es stravu a\u017e po z\u00e1n\u011bty \u2013 kter\u00e9 by mohly nakonec v\u00e9st k preventivn\u00edm pokyn\u016fm. \u201eMus\u00edme pochopit, zda se jedn\u00e1 o jeden p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u2013 nebo o n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Holowatyj. \u201eExistuj\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 expozice, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed trakt jako celek? Nebo se n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy rakoviny zvy\u0161uj\u00ed z jin\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f?\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Hled\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bd\u00ed je jako v\u011bdeck\u00e1 detektivn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, kde ka\u017ed\u00fd nov\u00fd objev vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zky. Co za\u010dalo jako statistick\u00fd trend, se vyv\u00edj\u00ed ve zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed komplexn\u00edch interakc\u00ed mezi geny, vlivy prost\u0159ed\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edmi faktory \u2013 h\u00e1danka, jej\u00ed\u017e \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed by mohlo zm\u011bnit nejen osud generace, ale potenci\u00e1ln\u011b i na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed samotn\u00e9 rakoviny. Co za\u010dalo tragickou smrt\u00ed herce, se uk\u00e1zalo jako bud\u00ed\u010dek pro celou generaci.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Rakovina slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed mezi mlad\u00fdmi dosp\u011bl\u00fdmi. Jedn\u00e1 se o velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00fd druh rakoviny,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":81022,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[5379,1366,9295],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81021"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81021"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81021\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81022"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81021"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=81021"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=81021"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}