{"id":80627,"date":"2025-06-07T00:21:38","date_gmt":"2025-06-06T22:21:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=80627"},"modified":"2025-06-06T19:47:01","modified_gmt":"2025-06-06T17:47:01","slug":"nova-asijska-triada-asean-cina-a-persky-zaliv-spojuji-sily","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/06\/07\/nova-asijska-triada-asean-cina-a-persky-zaliv-spojuji-sily\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00e1 asijsk\u00e1 tri\u00e1da: ASEAN, \u010c\u00edna a Persk\u00fd z\u00e1liv spojuj\u00ed s\u00edly"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Zat\u00edmco z\u00e1padn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed v\u00e1lky stla\u010duj\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed Jih, prvn\u00ed summit ASEAN-GCC-\u010c\u00edna signalizuje nov\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 p\u0159eskupen\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na spole\u010dn\u00fdch rozvojov\u00fdch c\u00edlech a strategick\u00e9 autonomii.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ve dnech 26. a 27. kv\u011btna hostilo malajsijsk\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto\u00a0Kuala Lumpur\u00a0v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed\u00a0summit\u00a0<\/a>Sdru\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1rod\u016f jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie (ASEAN), Rady pro spolupr\u00e1ci v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu (GCC) a \u010c\u00edny\u00a0, na kter\u00e9m se se\u0161ly t\u0159i ekonomicky nejdynami\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed regiony glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu na t\u0159\u00edstrann\u00e9m setk\u00e1n\u00ed s obrovsk\u00fdm strategick\u00fdm v\u00fdznamem.<\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli nen\u00ed summit form\u00e1ln\u011b uzn\u00e1n jako z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 aliance, p\u0159edstavuje za\u010d\u00e1tek odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9ho p\u0159eskupen\u00ed \u2013 sjednocen\u00ed v\u00fdchodn\u00ed a z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asie prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti, sd\u00edlen\u00fdch rozvojov\u00fdch viz\u00ed a kolektivn\u00ed touhy uniknout z\u00e1padn\u00edmu ekonomick\u00e9mu n\u00e1tlaku.<\/p>\n

Summit je historick\u00fd nejen kv\u016fli sv\u00e9mu t\u0159\u00edstrann\u00e9mu form\u00e1tu, ale tak\u00e9 proto, \u017ee signalizuje vznik flexibiln\u00edho bloku Glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu, kter\u00fd je schopen rekalibrovat region\u00e1ln\u00ed a glob\u00e1ln\u00ed mocenskou rovnov\u00e1hu.<\/p>\n

Malajsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Anwar Ibrahim udal t\u00f3n akce,\u00a0kdy\u017e prohl\u00e1sil<\/a>\u00a0: \u201eV\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee partnerstv\u00ed ASEAN-GCC nebylo nikdy d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dnes, kdy\u017e se pohybujeme ve st\u00e1le slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed krajin\u011b poznamenan\u00e9 ekonomickou nejistotou a geopolitick\u00fdmi v\u00fdzvami.\u201c<\/p>\n

V d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch projevech Ibrahim zd\u016fraznil rozpad multilateralismu a pouk\u00e1zal na jednostrann\u00e1 cla Washingtonu a rostouc\u00ed protekcionismus jako katalyz\u00e1tory tohoto p\u0159eskupen\u00ed. \u0158\u00e1d veden\u00fd USA se podle n\u011bj rozpad\u00e1 \u2013 jeho obchodn\u00ed v\u00e1lky nut\u00ed rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se ekonomiky, aby si nastavily vlastn\u00ed sm\u011br.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna a Persk\u00fd z\u00e1liv prohlubuj\u00ed vazby ASEANu<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Li \u010cchiang vyu\u017eil t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti k v\u00fdzv\u011b k siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed makroekonomick\u00e9 koordinaci mezi t\u0159emi bloky a navrhl vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch a technologick\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e by se Asie a Persk\u00fd z\u00e1liv prom\u011bnily v jednotnou ekonomickou z\u00f3nu.<\/p>\n

Jeho poselstv\u00ed bylo jasn\u00e9: ASEAN, GCC a \u010c\u00edna se mus\u00ed posunout nad r\u00e1mec transak\u010dn\u00edch vazeb a \u201epos\u00edlit koordinaci a spolupr\u00e1ci a spole\u010dn\u011b prosazovat otev\u0159en\u00fd regionalismus a skute\u010dn\u00fd multilateralismus\u201c.<\/p>\n

Spojen\u00ed t\u011bchto t\u0159\u00ed ekonomik nen\u00ed pouze reakc\u00ed na obchodn\u00ed v\u00e1lky veden\u00e9 USA \u2013 je zako\u0159en\u011bno ve sd\u00edlen\u00fdch modelech rozvoje, kter\u00e9 up\u0159ednost\u0148uj\u00ed st\u00e1tem \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd r\u016fst, strategick\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a ekonomickou suverenitu.<\/p>\n

Tento summit navazuje na rychl\u00fd diplomatick\u00fd impuls. Vztahy mezi ASEAN a \u010c\u00ednou sahaj\u00ed a\u017e do roku 1991, ale v roce 2022 nabraly na obr\u00e1tk\u00e1ch se spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm pl\u00e1nu pro spolupr\u00e1ci mezi \u010c\u00ednou a GCC. ASEAN a GCC n\u00e1sledovaly v roce 2023 r\u00e1mcem strategick\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce. Kv\u011btnov\u00fd summit toto \u00fasil\u00ed upevnil do t\u0159\u00edstrann\u00e9ho form\u00e1tu s historick\u00fdm potenci\u00e1lem.<\/p>\n

V roce 2023 dos\u00e1hl obchod mezi ASEAN a \u010c\u00ednou 700 miliard dolar\u016f, co\u017e potvrdilo roli Pekingu jako\u017eto hlavn\u00edho obchodn\u00edho partnera bloku. Obchod mezi ASEAN a GCC dos\u00e1hl 130,7 miliard dolar\u016f, zat\u00edmco obchod mezi \u010c\u00ednou a GCC v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm roce p\u0159ekro\u010dil 316 miliard dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investice do ASEANu dos\u00e1hly v roce 2023 celkem 17,7 miliard dolar\u016f. Investice z Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu do ASEANu, i kdy\u017e men\u0161\u00edho rozsahu, vzrostly z 265,8 milionu dolar\u016f v roce 2018 na\u00a0390,2 milionu dolar\u016f<\/a>\u00a0v roce 2023 a soust\u0159edily se ve velkoobchodn\u00edm, maloobchodn\u00edm a finan\u010dn\u00edm sektoru.<\/p>\n

Podle Sv\u011btov\u00e9 banky p\u0159edstavuje blok ASEAN, GCC a \u010c\u00edny t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010dtvrtinu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho HDP \u2013 zhruba 24,87 bilionu dolar\u016f \u2013 a obrovsk\u00fd spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fd trh s 2,15 miliardami lid\u00ed, co\u017e je \u010dtvrtina sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace.<\/p>\n

Jejich spolupr\u00e1ce zahrnuje kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 odv\u011btv\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b \u010dist\u00e9 a obnoviteln\u00e9 energie, v\u00fdroby elektromobil\u016f (EV), digit\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiky, financ\u00ed, halal v\u00fdroby a infrastruktury. Tato sdru\u017een\u00ed jsou stejn\u011b politick\u00e1 jako ekonomick\u00e1 a nab\u00edzej\u00ed protiv\u00e1hu obchodn\u00edm re\u017eim\u016fm veden\u00fdm USA a atlantsk\u00e9mu vlivu. ASEAN se tak\u00e9 pod\u00edl\u00ed osmi procenty na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm obchodu se zbo\u017e\u00edm a slu\u017ebami, co\u017e zd\u016fraz\u0148uje jeho glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomick\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n

Strategick\u00e9 zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v nestabiln\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Tento nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed blok se v\u0161ak mus\u00ed tak\u00e9 vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s hlubok\u00fdmi geopolitick\u00fdmi zlomov\u00fdmi liniemi. St\u00e1ty ASEAN jsou\u00a0rozd\u011blen\u00e9<\/a>\u00a0: Kambod\u017ea a Laos jsou \u00fazce spjaty s \u010c\u00ednou, zat\u00edmco Filip\u00edny z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed pevn\u011b pod bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm de\u0161tn\u00edkem USA. Jin\u00e9 \u2013 jako Malajsie a Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 kr\u00e1\u010dej\u00ed po lan\u011b a zapojuj\u00ed Peking i Washington, aby maximalizovaly sv\u016fj vliv.<\/p>\n

Pro st\u00e1ty Rady pro spolupr\u00e1ci arabsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu (GCC) je diverzifikace partnerstv\u00ed strategickou nutnost\u00ed. Zem\u011b Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu, jako jsou Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty a Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie, bohat\u00e9 na energie a kapit\u00e1l, posiluj\u00ed vazby s \u010c\u00ednou prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm iniciativ, jako je iniciativa P\u00e1s a stezka (BRI). Postupuj\u00ed v\u0161ak opatrn\u011b, aby si neodradily z\u00e1padn\u00ed patrony.\u00a0Americk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost<\/a>\u00a0v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pevn\u011b zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e1 a Tel Aviv nad\u00e1le funguje jako prodlou\u017een\u00e1 v\u011btev americk\u00e9 moci.<\/p>\n

Nap\u011bt\u00ed v Jiho\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i, zejm\u00e9na v bl\u00edzkosti Filip\u00edn, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ohniskem konfliktu. Jak\u00e1koli eskalace by mohla naru\u0161it jednotu ASEANu a zhatit ekonomick\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho konfliktu mezi USA, Velkou Brit\u00e1ni\u00ed nebo Austr\u00e1li\u00ed by se \u010dlenov\u00e9 ASEANu mohli ocitnout nuceni vybrat si stranu \u2013 co\u017e by ohrozilo jejich rozvojov\u00e9 trajektorie.<\/p>\n

Federace ekonomick\u00e9 autonomie<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Navzdory t\u011bmto rizik\u016fm summit v Kuala Lumpuru signalizuje jasn\u00fd rozchod se z\u00e1padn\u00ed ekonomickou ortodoxi\u00ed. Blok ASEAN-GCC-\u010c\u00edna si neklade za c\u00edl napodobovat integraci ve stylu EU, ale vytvo\u0159it flexibiln\u00ed, pluralitn\u00ed ekonomickou koalici zakotvenou v priorit\u00e1ch glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu \u2013 a zalo\u017eenou na vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9m respektu.<\/p>\n

Vize 2045<\/a>\u00a0ASEAN\u00a0a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 iniciativa\u00a0BRI<\/a>\u00a0se prol\u00ednaj\u00ed v d\u016frazu na suverenitu, infrastrukturu a region\u00e1ln\u00ed propojen\u00ed. Ekonomiky zem\u00ed Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu (GCC), opl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ebytkem kapit\u00e1lu, vid\u00ed v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii rychle rostouc\u00ed, mlad\u00fd a stabiln\u00ed trh p\u0159ipraven\u00fd na dlouhodob\u00e9 investice.<\/p>\n

Peking usnad\u0148uje budov\u00e1n\u00ed institucion\u00e1ln\u00edch r\u00e1mc\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b diskus\u00ed o Rozvojov\u00e9m fondu ASEAN-GCC a Rad\u011b pro halal inovace. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed modely z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed na popularit\u011b v ASEANu, kde rezonuj\u00ed s m\u00edstn\u00edmi soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi a etick\u00fdmi normami. Pod veden\u00edm Pekingu ASEAN zkoum\u00e1 \u0159adu t\u011bchto alternativn\u00edch finan\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro investice do sv\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b a stanovuje glob\u00e1ln\u00ed standardy pro etick\u00fd rozvoj s c\u00edlem pos\u00edlit partnerstv\u00ed s konzervativn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi spole\u010dnostmi arabsk\u00fdch, isl\u00e1msk\u00fdch a zem\u00ed Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu.<\/p>\n

Zkoum\u00e1 se tak\u00e9 potenci\u00e1l pro spole\u010dn\u00e9 investice do energetick\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed a udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch technologi\u00ed. BRI nad\u00e1le financuje rozs\u00e1hlou infrastrukturu v cel\u00e9m regionu a d\u00e1le propojuje ASEAN s energetick\u00fdmi s\u00edt\u011bmi Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdmi logistick\u00fdmi \u0159et\u011bzci.<\/p>\n

Je pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee se ASEAN stal jedn\u00edm z nejrychleji rostouc\u00edch center pro datov\u00e1 centra a projekce nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee v oblasti digit\u00e1ln\u00ed infrastruktury brzy p\u0159ed\u010d\u00ed Severn\u00ed Ameriku a tichomo\u0159sk\u00fd region.<\/p>\n

Velk\u00e9 americk\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti jako Google a Amazon tak\u00e9 roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed sv\u00e9 aktivity v regionu. Spole\u010dnost Global Foundries investovala v roce 2023 4 miliardy dolar\u016f do roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed sv\u00fdch z\u00e1vod\u016f na v\u00fdrobu mikro\u010dip\u016f v Singapuru. Investice do elektromobil\u016f v zem\u00edch ASEAN vzrostly z 2,7 miliardy dolar\u016f v roce 2021 na 18,1 miliardy dolar\u016f v roce 2022, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se region prom\u011bnil ve v\u00fdrobn\u00ed centrum.<\/p>\n

Cesta vp\u0159ed: Multipolarismus, nebo konfrontace?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Tato ekonomick\u00e1 tri\u00e1da se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t modelem pro spolupr\u00e1ci jih-jih. Jej\u00ed trvanlivost v\u0161ak z\u00e1vis\u00ed na region\u00e1ln\u00ed stabilit\u011b. St\u00e1ty spojen\u00e9 s USA se mohou pokusit podkopat t\u0159\u00edstrann\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed vojensk\u00fdmi z\u00e1vazky nebo technologick\u00fdmi embargy. Washingtonsk\u00e1 strategie omezov\u00e1n\u00ed dopad\u016f \u010c\u00edny stav\u00ed ASEAN p\u0159\u00edmo do ohniska. Stejn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b cel americk\u00e9ho prezidenta Donalda Trumpa se v\u0161ak agresivn\u00ed ekonomick\u00e1 omezen\u00ed mohou obr\u00e1tit proti nim a zatla\u010dit historick\u00e9 americk\u00e9 partnery hloub\u011bji do euroasijsk\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n

Dnes se ASEAN vyv\u00edj\u00ed v jednu z nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ekonomick\u00fdch z\u00f3n sv\u011bta. Jeho 10 \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f se py\u0161n\u00ed 600 miliony obyvatel a HDP p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00edm 3 biliony dolar\u016f, co\u017e z bloku \u010din\u00ed t\u0159et\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ekonomiku v Asii a p\u00e1tou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ekonomiku na sv\u011bt\u011b po USA, \u010c\u00edn\u011b, Japonsku a N\u011bmecku. Do roku 2030 se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee 65 procent z odhadovan\u00fdch 750 milion\u016f obyvatel ASEAN bude tvo\u0159it st\u0159edn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edda.<\/p>\n

Jeho pod\u00edl na glob\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch zahrani\u010dn\u00edch investic\u00edch vzrostl v roce 2023 na 228,9 miliardy dolar\u016f, oproti 118,7 miliard\u00e1m dolar\u016f v roce 2015. ASEAN se na v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch zahrani\u010dn\u00edch investic\u00edch (PZI) sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch do Asie pod\u00edl\u00ed 34 procenty. Obchod s \u010c\u00ednou a Persk\u00fdm z\u00e1livem d\u00e1le roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed postaven\u00ed ASEANu.<\/p>\n

Podle\u00a0\u00fadaj\u016f Sv\u011btov\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed organizace (WTO)<\/a>\u00a0se obchod mezi rozvojov\u00fdmi ekonomikami \u2013 b\u011b\u017en\u011b ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako obchod jih-jih \u2013 zv\u00fd\u0161il ze 17 procent glob\u00e1ln\u00edho obchodu v roce 2005 na 28 procent do roku 2021.<\/p>\n

Minul\u00fd t\u00fdden byla v Kuala Lumpuru na\u010drtnuta nov\u00e1 osa glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu \u2013 osa, kter\u00e1 usiluje o nez\u00e1vislost na upadaj\u00edc\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00edch trz\u00edch a p\u0159ipravuje p\u016fdu pro multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomick\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d.<\/p>\n

Sulejman Karan<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zat\u00edmco z\u00e1padn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed v\u00e1lky stla\u010duj\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed Jih, prvn\u00ed summit ASEAN-GCC-\u010c\u00edna signalizuje nov\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 p\u0159eskupen\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":80628,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,760,30,2181],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80627"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80627"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80627\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80628"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80627"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80627"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80627"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}