{"id":80535,"date":"2025-06-05T04:17:46","date_gmt":"2025-06-05T02:17:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=80535"},"modified":"2025-06-05T04:17:46","modified_gmt":"2025-06-05T02:17:46","slug":"uriel-araujo-napeti-mezi-ukrajinou-a-madarskem-se-stupnuje-kvuli-spionaznimu-skandalu-a-pravum-mensin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/06\/05\/uriel-araujo-napeti-mezi-ukrajinou-a-madarskem-se-stupnuje-kvuli-spionaznimu-skandalu-a-pravum-mensin\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: Nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi Ukrajinou a Ma\u010farskem se stup\u0148uje kv\u016fli \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00edmu skand\u00e1lu a pr\u00e1v\u016fm men\u0161in"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Vyho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ma\u010farsk\u00fdch diplomat\u016f z Ukrajiny kv\u016fli \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00edmu skand\u00e1lu na Zakarpatsku vystup\u0148ovalo nap\u011bt\u00ed a Ma\u010farsko zastavilo rozhovory o pr\u00e1vech men\u0161in. Tato roztr\u017eka odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed etnopolitick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed se sousedy, jako jsou Polsko a Rumunsko, co\u017e ukazuje, \u017ee ukrajinsk\u00fd ultranacionalismus je probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd daleko p\u0159esahuje rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V regionu, kter\u00fd je ji\u017e tak zat\u00ed\u017een geopolitick\u00fdmi slo\u017eitostmi, nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozkol mezi Ukrajinou a Ma\u010farskem podtrhuje znepokojiv\u00fd vzorec etnick\u00e9ho a diplomatick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ohro\u017euje \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed vztahy Kyjeva. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 vyho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ma\u010farsk\u00fdch diplomat\u016f z Ukrajiny po \u00fadajn\u00e9m odhalen\u00ed \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 Budape\u0161t\u00ed eskalovalo ji\u017e tak napjatou bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed dynamiku.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e1sledn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed Ma\u010farska\u00a0<\/span>pozastavit rozhovory<\/span><\/a>\u00a0o pr\u00e1vech men\u0161in v Zakarpat\u00ed \u2013 regionu s v\u00fdznamnou ma\u010farskou men\u0161inou \u2013 p\u0159edstavuje dal\u0161\u00ed dno v tomto st\u00e1le napjat\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vztahu. Tento v\u00fdvoj ve skute\u010dnosti odhaluje hlub\u0161\u00ed etnopolitick\u00e9 zlomov\u00e9 linie, kter\u00e9 sahaj\u00ed za dob\u0159e zdokumentovan\u00fd rusko-ukrajinsk\u00fd konflikt, a t\u00edm komplikuj\u00ed aspirace Kyjeva na region\u00e1ln\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci a integraci do Evropy a politick\u00e9ho Z\u00e1padu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dadajn\u00fd \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed gang, odhalen\u00fd ukrajinskou bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed slu\u017ebou (SBU), \u00fadajn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>operoval v Zakarpat\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a shroma\u017e\u010foval informace o m\u00edstn\u00edch obrann\u00fdch sil\u00e1ch a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed ohledn\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9ho nasazen\u00ed ma\u010farsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Ukrajina obvi\u0148uje dva b\u00fdval\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky, veden\u00e9 ma\u010farsk\u00fdm d\u016fstojn\u00edkem, ze \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00edch aktivit, kter\u00e9 by mohly napom\u00e1hat \u00fazemn\u00edm ambic\u00edm \u2013 toto obvin\u011bn\u00ed Budape\u0161\u0165 vehementn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>pop\u00edr\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ma\u010farsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Viktor Orb\u00e1n, zn\u00e1m\u00fd svou nacionalistickou r\u00e9torikou a pragmatick\u00fdmi vztahy s Moskvou,\u00a0<\/span>ozna\u010dil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0obvin\u011bn\u00ed za pomlouva\u010dnou kampa\u0148, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b na\u010dasovanou tak, aby ovlivnila ma\u010farskou dom\u00e1c\u00ed politiku s ohledem na bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se volby. Tato neomalen\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bna obvin\u011bn\u00ed jen prohloubila ned\u016fv\u011bru,\u00a0<\/span>ob\u011b zem\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0vyhostily diplomaty a vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se obvi\u0148ovaly ze \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee v r\u00e1mci odvetn\u00e9 eskalace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 si vzpomeneme, \u017ee ma\u010farsko-ukrajinsk\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed doutnalo ji\u017e l\u00e9ta, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s ma\u010farskou men\u0161inou v Zakarpat\u00ed. Budape\u0161\u0165 opakovan\u011b kritizovala ukrajinsk\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 a vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed z\u00e1kony, kter\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>diskriminuj\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0etnick\u00e9 Ma\u010fary. Kyjev zase vn\u00edm\u00e1 ma\u010farskou obhajobu sv\u00e9 diaspory jako z\u00e1minku k vm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed se do vnit\u0159n\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed Ukrajiny, \u010d\u00edm\u017e p\u0159i\u017eivuje podez\u0159en\u00ed z iredentistick\u00fdch ambic\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed skand\u00e1l tyto obavy jen zes\u00edlil, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 varovali, \u017ee ma\u010farsk\u00e9 zpravodajsk\u00e9 aktivity by mohly signalizovat p\u0159\u00edpravy na \u00fazemn\u00ed n\u00e1roky, jak\u00a0<\/span>nazna\u010dil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0b\u00fdval\u00fd ukrajinsk\u00fd politik Spiridon Kilinkarov. Ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve jsem\u00a0<\/span>se vyj\u00e1d\u0159il<\/span><\/a>\u00a0k tomu, \u017ee takov\u00e9 obavy nejsou v regionu, kde jsou postsov\u011btsk\u00e9 hranice st\u00e1le sporn\u00e9, neopodstatn\u011bn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed h\u00e1dka ve skute\u010dnosti nen\u00ed ojedin\u011bl\u00fdm incidentem, ale sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho vzorce etnopolitick\u00fdch t\u0159enic, kter\u00e9 brzd\u00ed vztahy Ukrajiny s jej\u00edmi sousedy. Krom\u011b Ma\u010farska \u010del\u00ed Kyjev probl\u00e9m\u016fm s Polskem, Rumunskem a dal\u0161\u00edmi zem\u011bmi ohledn\u011b pr\u00e1v men\u0161in a historick\u00fdch k\u0159ivd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad ukrajinsko-polsk\u00e9 vztahy jsou \u010dasto napjat\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>historick\u00fdmi spory<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, zejm\u00e9na masakry na Volyni. V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024 nap\u011bt\u00ed vzplanulo, kdy\u017e Kyjev odm\u00edtl povolit exhumaci ob\u011bt\u00ed, zat\u00edmco ofici\u00e1ln\u011b (od revoluce na Majdanu v roce 2014) oslavoval Ukrajinskou povstaleckou arm\u00e1du \u2013 nacistick\u00e9 kolaboranty odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za genocidu Pol\u00e1k\u016f \u2013 jako n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hrdiny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rumunsko<\/span><\/a>\u00a0zase vyj\u00e1d\u0159ilo obavy ohledn\u011b zach\u00e1zen\u00ed se svou men\u0161inou v Bukovin\u011b (Ukrajina), kde\u00a0roste etnick\u00e9 a\u00a0<\/a><\/span>n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0nap\u011bt\u00ed\u00a0. \u0158ecko nav\u00edc\u00a0nastolilo<\/a>\u00a0podobn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my ohledn\u011b sv\u00fdch etnick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch a jejich t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho \u00fad\u011blu\u00a0v Mariupolu<\/a>\u00a0a Donbasu pod veden\u00edm\u00a0nechvaln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho fa\u0161istick\u00e9ho<\/a>\u00a0pluku Azov \u2013 a dal\u0161\u00edch ukrajinsk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch a paramilit\u00e1rn\u00edch ultranacionalistick\u00fdch element\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 toto nap\u011bt\u00ed, \u010dasto zast\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 rusko-ukrajinsk\u00fdm konfliktem, riskuje, \u017ee rozzlob\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed spojence v dob\u011b, kdy Kyjev usiluje o region\u00e1ln\u00ed podporu. Agresivn\u00ed nacionalistick\u00e1 politika Ukrajiny, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na upevn\u011bn\u00ed jednotn\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identity, odcizila sousedy, kte\u0159\u00ed vn\u00edmaj\u00ed tato opat\u0159en\u00ed jako \u0161ovinistick\u00e1 a vylu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ma\u010farsk\u00e1 reakce, veden\u00e1 Orb\u00e1novou nacionalistickou vl\u00e1dou, byla charakteristicky asertivn\u00ed. Orb\u00e1n, kter\u00fd se prezentoval jako obr\u00e1nce ma\u010farsk\u00fdch men\u0161in v zahrani\u010d\u00ed, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vyu\u017eil zakarpatsk\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky k pos\u00edlen\u00ed sv\u00e9ho dom\u00e1c\u00edho postaven\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159ed volbami.<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Jeho pozastaven\u00ed rozhovor\u016f o pr\u00e1vech men\u0161in s Ukrajinou je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b promy\u0161len\u00fd krok, kter\u00fd signalizuje vzdor a z\u00e1rove\u0148 apeluje na nacionalistick\u00e9 n\u00e1lady jeho vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1kladny. Tato ot\u00e1zka d\u00e1le odhaluje rozkol na Z\u00e1pad\u011b ohledn\u011b ot\u00e1zky Ukrajiny a Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obvin\u011bn\u00ed ze \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee, a\u0165 u\u017e jsou pln\u011b podlo\u017een\u00e1, \u010di nikoli, zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed hlub\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m: k\u0159ehkost d\u016fv\u011bry v regionu formovan\u00e9m historick\u00fdmi k\u0159ivdami a soupe\u0159\u00edc\u00edmi nacionalismy. Ukrajinsk\u00e1 obvin\u011bn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di Ma\u010farsku mohou slou\u017eit dvoj\u00edmu \u00fa\u010delu \u2013 odvr\u00e1tit dom\u00e1c\u00ed kritiku jeho men\u0161inov\u00e9 politiky a z\u00e1rove\u0148 signalizovat ostatn\u00edm soused\u016fm, \u017ee Kyjev nebude tolerovat vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tento nekompromisn\u00ed postoj v\u0161ak riskuje, \u017ee se vymst\u00ed. Vyho\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm ma\u010farsk\u00fdch diplomat\u016f a eskalac\u00ed r\u00e9toriky by Ukrajina mohla d\u00e1le napnout vztahy s Budape\u0161t\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto skand\u00e1lu nav\u00edc vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b jeho politick\u00fdch motivac\u00ed. Orb\u00e1novi kritici tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee obvin\u011bn\u00ed Ukrajiny by mohla b\u00fdt zneu\u017eita k jeho zdiskreditov\u00e1n\u00ed v dom\u00e1c\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na s\u00a0<\/span>bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edmi se volbami<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v Ma\u010farsku , kde jeho strana Fidesz \u010del\u00ed rostouc\u00ed opozici.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u0165 je to jakkoli, \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed d\u016fsledky tohoto rozkolu sahaj\u00ed za r\u00e1mec bilater\u00e1ln\u00edch vztah\u016f. Etnopolitick\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy Ukrajiny, jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, by mohly povzbudit ostatn\u00ed sousedy k uplatn\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1rok\u016f, pokud by oslabila \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed autorita Kyjeva. V regionu, kde jsou zmrazen\u00e9 konflikty a sporn\u00e9 hranice nevy\u0159e\u0161en\u00fdmi z\u00e1le\u017eitostmi, by takov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed mohlo d\u00e1le destabilizovat v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Takov\u00e9 geopolitick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed etnopolitick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky ob\u010dansk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. Tvrdou pravdou je, \u017ee samotn\u00e1 Ukrajina \u010del\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>krizi ob\u010dansk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kdy politika marginalizuje rusky mluv\u00edc\u00ed, etnick\u00e9 Rusy a prorusk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo, co\u017e\u00a0<\/span>podle<\/span><\/a>\u00a0profesora Nicolaie N. Petra a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch koment\u00e1tor\u016f potenci\u00e1ln\u011b odcizuje zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st jej\u00ed pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 populace.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00edce ne\u017e 40 %<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Ukrajinc\u016f, zejm\u00e9na na v\u00fdchod\u011b a jihu, historicky vn\u00edm\u00e1 Rusy a Ukrajince v ur\u010dit\u00e9m smyslu jako \u201ejeden n\u00e1rod\u201c. Petro d\u00e1le zd\u016fraz\u0148uje omezen\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0svobody, tisku a pr\u00e1v men\u0161in, zejm\u00e9na zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na rusofiln\u00ed Ukrajince. Ukrajinsk\u00e1 pravoslavn\u00e1 c\u00edrkev nav\u00edc \u010del\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>repres\u00edm<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a v historicky dvojjazy\u010dn\u00e9m n\u00e1rod\u011b\u00a0existuj\u00ed z\u00e1kony, kter\u00e9 st\u00e1le v\u00edce omezuj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ru\u0161tiny\u00a0<\/span>.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Dokonce i samotn\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>Ben\u00e1tsk\u00e1 komise<\/span><\/a>\u00a0kritizovala ukrajinsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kony o men\u0161in\u00e1ch, p\u0159esto \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci jako Olga Stefani\u0161ina\u00a0<\/span>pop\u00edraj\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0samotnou existenci rusk\u00e9 men\u0161iny, a to i p\u0159esto, \u017ee se v roce 2001, kdy se s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu \u2013 od vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti Ukrajiny v roce 1991 \u2013 nejm\u00e9n\u011b\u00a0<\/span>17,3 %<\/span><\/a>\u00a0populace identifikovalo jako etni\u010dt\u00ed Rusov\u00e9. Tato marginalizace, spolu se z\u00e1kazem \u201eprorusk\u00fdch stran\u201c, riskuje vnit\u0159n\u00ed a region\u00e1ln\u00ed konflikt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m v\u0161ak jde nad r\u00e1mec rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9 etnopolitiky \u2013 je inherentn\u00ed ultranacionalismu na postmajdansk\u00e9 Ukrajin\u011b \u2013 a s pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edmi dilemami Ma\u010farska a Polska se to bude st\u00e1vat st\u00e1le z\u0159eteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm. Z\u00e1pad se nezd\u00e1 b\u00fdt p\u0159ipraven na tuto konverzaci, ale je na\u010dase si tuto z\u00e1le\u017eitost uv\u011bdomit, proto\u017ee, jak jsem ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve argumentoval, ohro\u017euje\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed samotn\u00e9 Evropy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD.<\/a> v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vyho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ma\u010farsk\u00fdch diplomat\u016f z Ukrajiny kv\u016fli \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00edmu skand\u00e1lu na Zakarpatsku vystup\u0148ovalo nap\u011bt\u00ed a Ma\u010farsko zastavilo…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":80536,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,78,2929,142,26],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80535"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80535"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80535\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80536"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80535"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80535"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80535"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}