{"id":8019,"date":"2022-02-03T10:41:10","date_gmt":"2022-02-03T09:41:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=8019"},"modified":"2022-02-03T10:47:56","modified_gmt":"2022-02-03T09:47:56","slug":"8019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/02\/03\/8019\/","title":{"rendered":"Rusko otev\u00edr\u00e1 dve\u0159e euroasijsk\u00e9 integraci \u00cdr\u00e1nu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Setk\u00e1n\u00ed mezi Raisim a Putinem v lednu se mohlo zd\u00e1t antiklimatick\u00e9, ale Rusko nyn\u00ed otev\u00edr\u00e1 dve\u0159e euroasijsk\u00e9 integraci \u00cdr\u00e1nu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

20. ledna odcestoval \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fd prezident Ebrahim Raisi do Moskvy, aby se setkal se sv\u00fdm rusk\u00fdm prot\u011bj\u0161kem Vladimirem Putinem, aby prohloubil bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed vztahy mezi ob\u011bma zem\u011bmi na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni.<\/p>\n

T\u00e9mata k diskusi obou hlav st\u00e1t\u016f zahrnovala spole\u010dn\u00e9 region\u00e1ln\u00ed a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky, v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9m jadern\u00e9m programu a region\u00e1ln\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci v Eurasii.<\/p>\n

Navzdory o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a pozitivn\u00edm prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm u\u010din\u011bn\u00fdm p\u0159ed jedn\u00e1n\u00edm n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva neskon\u010dila ozn\u00e1men\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 dohody, jakou p\u0159ed rokem podepsala \u010c\u00edna a \u00cdr\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva nicm\u00e9n\u011b pozvedla jedn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi ob\u011bma stranami na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 a usnadnila ekonomickou integraci \u00cdr\u00e1nu do rusko-\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 eurasijsk\u00e9 architektury.<\/p>\n

Velk\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 velk\u00e1 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

V posledn\u00edch letech se pro \u00cdr\u00e1n staly zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 \u00fakoly jak zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed vztah\u016f Teher\u00e1n-Moskva, tak zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na strategick\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed obchodn\u00edch a ekonomick\u00fdch vazeb \u2013 priority pro sankcionovan\u00fd \u00cdr\u00e1n \u2013 by mohl b\u00fdt v budoucnu poskytnut dal\u0161\u00ed impuls rozvoji vojensko-politick\u00e9 interakce.<\/p>\n

V \u0159\u00edjnu 2021 s odvol\u00e1n\u00edm na \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho ministra zahrani\u010d\u00ed Hosseina Amir-Abdollahiana agentura Interfax uvedla, \u017ee Teher\u00e1n je p\u0159ipraven vstoupit do strategick\u00e9ho partnerstv\u00ed s Moskvou a \u017ee se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee ob\u011b strany v nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch podep\u00ed\u0161\u00ed dokumenty o dohod\u011b.<\/p>\n

Ob\u011b strany jsou podle agentury TASS bl\u00edzko dokon\u010den\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na dokumentu o komplexn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci na obdob\u00ed 20 let.<\/p>\n

Pro ob\u011b zem\u011b je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0P\u0159edseda \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho parlamentn\u00edho v\u00fdboru pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost a zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiku Mojtaba Zulnur \u0159ekl tiskov\u00e9 agentu\u0159e Mehr, \u017ee \u00cdr\u00e1n usiluje o partnerskou dohodu s Ruskem podobnou dohod\u011b mezi Teher\u00e1nem a Pekingem, aby p\u0159ekonal americk\u00e9 sankce.<\/p>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a n\u011bkter\u00fdch prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159ed cestou \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho v\u016fdce do Ruska v\u0161ak n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva prezidenta Raisiho, alespo\u0148 prozat\u00edm, na t\u00e9to front\u011b z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pr\u016flom nep\u0159inesla.\u00a0Podle zdroj\u016f by tento proces mohl n\u011bjakou dobu trvat a alespo\u0148 pro Moskvu b\u00fdt spojen s v\u00fdsledkem \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b dv\u011b ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed Rusko a \u00cdr\u00e1n \u0161iroce rezonovaly: spole\u010dn\u00e1 rusko-\u010d\u00ednsko-\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed v Indick\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu a vztah \u00cdr\u00e1nu s Eurasijskou ekonomickou uni\u00ed (EAEU) a realizace Severn\u00edho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho ji\u017en\u00edho dopravn\u00edho koridoru (INSTC).<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipoj\u00ed se \u00cdr\u00e1n v dohledn\u00e9 dob\u011b k EAEU?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00fd politolog a b\u00fdval\u00fd \u0161\u00e9fredaktor Fars News Agency (anglicky) Mostafa Khoshcheshm v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee Rusko bude prosazovat vstup \u00cdr\u00e1nu do EAEU.\u00a0„Jedn\u00e1n\u00ed,“ prozrazuje, „u\u017e prob\u00edhaj\u00ed.“<\/p>\n

V roce 2019 vstoupila v platnost Preferen\u010dn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed dohoda (PTA) podepsan\u00e1 mezi \u00cdr\u00e1nem a EAEU v roce 2018.<\/p>\n

Dohoda nab\u00eddla ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed cla na 862 druh\u016f zbo\u017e\u00ed, z nich\u017e 502 p\u0159edstavoval \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fd v\u00fdvoz do EAEU.\u00a0V d\u016fsledku toho se objem obchod\u016f v obdob\u00ed od \u0159\u00edjna 2019 do \u0159\u00edjna 2020 zv\u00fd\u0161il o v\u00edce ne\u017e 84 procent.<\/p>\n

Podle Valiho Kalejiho, \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho odborn\u00edka na studie St\u0159edn\u00ed Asie a Kavkazu, tento objem obchodu p\u0159i\u0161el v dob\u011b, kdy USA za b\u00fdval\u00e9ho prezidenta Donalda Trumpa v kv\u011btnu 2018 odstoupily od Spole\u010dn\u00e9ho komplexn\u00edho ak\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu (JCPOA) a p\u0159ijaly politiku maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho tlaku v\u016f\u010di \u00cdr\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n

V \u0159\u00edjnu 2021 zah\u00e1jily \u00cdr\u00e1n a EAEU jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed PTA na dohodu o voln\u00e9m obchodu.\u00a0Pokud k t\u00e9to dohod\u011b dojde, objem obchodu mezi \u00cdr\u00e1nem a EAEU, zn\u00e1mou tak\u00e9 jako Unie, masivn\u011b vzroste.<\/p>\n

Moskva i Teher\u00e1n maj\u00ed d\u016fvody tla\u010dit na dal\u0161\u00ed integraci \u00cdr\u00e1nu do Unie.<\/p>\n

Pro \u00cdr\u00e1n tato p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost znamen\u00e1 lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup na euroasijsk\u00e9 a evropsk\u00e9 trhy.\u00a0\u010clensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm EAEU tak\u00e9 umo\u017en\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup do Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu a St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e.\u00a0Z tohoto d\u016fvodu m\u016f\u017ee Moskva myslet je\u0161t\u011b o krok d\u00e1le.<\/p>\n

Moskva pova\u017euje podpis dohody o voln\u00e9m obchodu s \u00cdr\u00e1nem za z\u00e1sadn\u00ed krok pro vstup \u00cdr\u00e1nu do Unie.<\/p>\n

Rusko se ob\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee dohoda s USA o jadern\u00e9 ot\u00e1zce by mohla posunout \u00edr\u00e1nskou politiku ve prosp\u011bch Z\u00e1padu, co\u017e by neposlou\u017eilo rusk\u00fdm z\u00e1jm\u016fm v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii, zejm\u00e9na v S\u00fdrii.<\/p>\n

Pro Rusko je jadern\u00fd \u00cdr\u00e1n v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e proz\u00e1padn\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1n.\u00a0Z tohoto d\u016fvodu by Rusko uv\u00edtalo urychlen\u00ed integrace \u00cdr\u00e1nu do euroasijsk\u00fdch region\u00e1ln\u00edch instituc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Otev\u0159ete br\u00e1ny, moud\u0159e<\/strong><\/p>\n

Z t\u00e9to perspektivy je t\u0159eba pohl\u00ed\u017eet na vstup \u00cdr\u00e1nu do dev\u00edti\u010dlenn\u00e9 \u0160anghajsk\u00e9 organizace pro spolupr\u00e1ci (SCO).\u00a0S p\u0159ipojen\u00edm Teher\u00e1nu k EAEU by nav\u00edc mohly n\u00e1sledovat sousedn\u00ed a sp\u0159\u00e1telen\u00e9 zem\u011b jako Ir\u00e1k a S\u00fdrie.<\/p>\n

Rusko by pak m\u011blo p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed a silni\u010dn\u00ed spojen\u00ed p\u0159es \u00cdr\u00e1n se svou syrskou pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed z\u00e1kladnou v Tart\u00fasu.\u00a0To by poslou\u017eilo jej\u00edm vojensk\u00fdm c\u00edl\u016fm na logistick\u00e9 a opera\u010dn\u00ed \u00farovni v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b krize v \u010cern\u00e9m mo\u0159i a v\u00fdzev pro rusk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo.<\/p>\n

Dne 27. prosince 2021 se \u00cdr\u00e1n a Ir\u00e1k dohodly na v\u00fdstavb\u011b \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed trati spojuj\u00edc\u00ed ob\u011b zem\u011b.\u00a030km \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed tra\u0165 by m\u011bla pro \u00cdr\u00e1n strategick\u00fd v\u00fdznam, proto\u017ee by zemi propojila se St\u0159edozemn\u00edm mo\u0159em prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ir\u00e1ck\u00fdch a syrsk\u00fdch \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edch trat\u00ed.<\/p>\n

To by byla v\u00fdhra pro \u010c\u00ednu i Rusko, proto\u017ee \u010c\u00edna by z\u00edskala p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup do St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00e9 iniciativy Belt and Road (P\u00e1smo a Steska<\/em>) a Rusko prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00e9ho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho dopravn\u00edho koridoru Sever-Jih.<\/p>\n

Tato trasa by tak\u00e9 konkurovala indick\u00e9mu arabsko-st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9mu koridoru, spojuj\u00edc\u00edmu Indii s izraelsk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstavem Haifa p\u0159es r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed linky SAE, Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bie a Jord\u00e1nska.<\/p>\n

Pro \u010c\u00ednu a Rusko je tedy konsolidace geopolitick\u00e9 a geoekonomick\u00e9 pozice \u00cdr\u00e1nu v regionu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm krokem.\u00a0Z rusk\u00e9 perspektivy pos\u00edl\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 pozemn\u00ed cesta p\u0159es Levantu do St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e jeho mocenskou z\u00e1kladnu v S\u00fdrii a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed jeho m\u011bkkou s\u00edlu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm obchodn\u00edch a energetick\u00fdch dohod v sousedn\u00edch zem\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Z tohoto d\u016fvodu \u00cdr\u00e1n jednal p\u0159i ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00fdch provokac\u00edch na arm\u00e9nsk\u00fdch hranic\u00edch opatrn\u011b.\u00a0Teher\u00e1n se ob\u00e1val, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fd \u201ekoridor\u201c vedouc\u00ed z ji\u017en\u00ed Arm\u00e9nie by Turecku umo\u017enil p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup ke Kaspick\u00e9mu mo\u0159i a St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii.<\/p>\n

Tento koridor je zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako st\u0159edn\u00ed koridor transkaspick\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed dopravn\u00ed cesty a spojuje Evropu se st\u0159edn\u00ed Asi\u00ed p\u0159es Turecko.<\/p>\n

Pro \u00cdr\u00e1n by to znamenalo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed NATO do Kaspick\u00e9ho mo\u0159e a d\u00e1le sm\u011brem k \u010c\u00edn\u011b.\u00a0Z\u00e1pado-v\u00fdchodn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed cesta by proto p\u0159edstavovala v\u00e1\u017enou hrozbu pro \u00cdr\u00e1n a Rusko a izolovala by je v Eurasii.<\/p>\n

Pro \u00cdr\u00e1nce by tato trasa nejen obe\u0161la \u00cdr\u00e1n a Rusko, ale tak\u00e9 by p\u0159edstavovala v\u00e1\u017enou v\u00fdzvu pro obchodn\u00ed cestu Sever-Jih iniciovanou \u00cdr\u00e1nem, Ruskem a dal\u0161\u00edmi asijsk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi.<\/p>\n

Podle Khoshcheshm \u201enep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edho bloku sbl\u00ed\u017eilo \u00cdr\u00e1n a Eurasii a to siln\u011b motivovalo Rusy a \u010c\u00ed\u0148any k urychlen\u00ed vstupu \u00cdr\u00e1nu do eurasijsk\u00e9ho bloku s c\u00edlem podpo\u0159it spole\u010dnou spolupr\u00e1ci v hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a geopolitick\u00e9 oblasti a zabr\u00e1nit americk\u00e9 invazi do kraj.“<\/p>\n

Vstup \u00cdr\u00e1nu do EAEU je tedy oboustrann\u011b v\u00fdhodnou situac\u00ed pro Moskvu i Teher\u00e1n.\u00a0Rusko by upevnilo svou geoekonomickou a geopolitickou pozici na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b a \u00cdr\u00e1n by m\u011bl \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed spojen\u00ed s Ruskem a Evropou, co\u017e by d\u00e1le roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo vliv Moskvy v regionu.<\/p>\n

Tento kone\u010dn\u00fd c\u00edl v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjakou dobu trvat a bude zpochybn\u011bn USA a jejich spojenci v regionu.<\/p>\n

D\u016fv\u011bra uprost\u0159ed nejistoty<\/strong><\/p>\n

Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159istoupen\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1nu k EAEU by p\u0159il\u00e1kalo investice ze sousedn\u00edch zem\u00ed do nerozvinut\u00e9ho \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edho spojen\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1n-Rusko v kavkazsk\u00e9 oblasti.<\/p>\n

Otev\u0159en\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f mezi Arm\u00e9ni\u00ed a \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nem na z\u00e1klad\u011b trilater\u00e1ln\u00ed deklarace z 9. listopadu by usnadnilo obchod a p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed v regionu jako sou\u010d\u00e1st severoji\u017en\u00edho dopravn\u00edho koridoru.<\/p>\n

Za t\u011bchto okolnost\u00ed je \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1, proto\u017ee objem zbo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159epravovan\u00e9ho po \u017eeleznici je mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e po zemi nebo kamionem.\u00a0Realizace t\u011bchto projekt\u016f v\u0161ak zat\u00edm nen\u00ed jist\u00e1.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1tn\u00ed rusk\u00e1 \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnost zastavila provoz v \u00cdr\u00e1nu v dubnu 2020 kv\u016fli obav\u00e1m z americk\u00fdch sankc\u00ed.\u00a0Takov\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed by ovlivnilo dal\u0161\u00ed programy v r\u00e1mci rusko-\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 iniciativy na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed severoji\u017en\u00edho dopravn\u00edho koridoru.<\/p>\n

Ob\u011b strany by musely \u010dekat a starat se o p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00fdch sankc\u00ed, proto\u017ee ekonomick\u00e9 cesty jsou v\u017edy oboustrann\u011b v\u00fdhodn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Vstupem do EAEU a integrac\u00ed s euroasijsk\u00fdmi region\u00e1ln\u00edmi organizacemi by \u00cdr\u00e1n upevnil svou geoekonomickou pozici region\u00e1ln\u00edho dopravn\u00edho uzlu a otev\u0159el z\u00e1padoasijskou br\u00e1nu pro \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup Moskvy do v\u00fdchodn\u00edho St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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JeF<\/span><\/h3>\n

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Setk\u00e1n\u00ed mezi Raisim a Putinem v lednu se mohlo zd\u00e1t antiklimatick\u00e9, ale Rusko nyn\u00ed otev\u00edr\u00e1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8020,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[59,38,350,22,814],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8019"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8019"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8019\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8020"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8019"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8019"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8019"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}