{"id":80062,"date":"2025-05-31T00:23:06","date_gmt":"2025-05-30T22:23:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=80062"},"modified":"2025-05-30T12:27:02","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T10:27:02","slug":"testovaci-laborator-afrika-geneticti-komari-gates-a-neocekavana-nebezpeci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/05\/31\/testovaci-laborator-afrika-geneticti-komari-gates-a-neocekavana-nebezpeci\/","title":{"rendered":"Testovac\u00ed laborato\u0159 Afrika: Geneti\u010dt\u00ed kom\u00e1\u0159i, Gates a neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e1 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Zat\u00edmco sv\u011bt st\u00e1le diskutuje o d\u016fsledc\u00edch pandemie koronaviru a experiment\u00e1ln\u00edch injekc\u00edch genu mRNA, v\u011bdci v Ugand\u011b \u2013 financovan\u00ed Billem Gatesem \u2013 ji\u017e p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed velk\u00fd experiment s netu\u0161en\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky: geneticky modifikovan\u00ed kom\u00e1\u0159i budou pou\u017eiti proti mal\u00e1rii. Co zpo\u010d\u00e1tku zn\u00ed jako l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 inovace, se p\u0159i bli\u017e\u0161\u00edm zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed uk\u00e1\u017ee jako vysoce riskantn\u00ed hra s nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 laborato\u0159i Ugandsk\u00e9ho institutu pro v\u00fdzkum vir\u016f v Entebbe panuje stra\u0161ideln\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra. Stovky geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch kom\u00e1r\u016f rodu Anopheles bzu\u010d\u00ed v hermeticky uzav\u0159en\u00fdch klec\u00edch. Ka\u017ed\u00fd otvor, bez ohledu na to, jak mal\u00fd, je ut\u011bsn\u011bn \u2013 dokonce i odtokov\u00e9 trubky byly zava\u0159eny. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pod veden\u00edm Petera Nkurunzizy a Jonathana Kayonda pracuj\u00ed na projektu, kter\u00fd prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed jako pr\u016flom v boji proti mal\u00e1rii.\u00a0<\/span>Ale to, co se zde d\u011bje, je fat\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou arogance, kter\u00e1 ji\u017e vedla ke katastrof\u00e1ln\u00edm d\u016fsledk\u016fm v jin\u00fdch \u201ev\u011bdeck\u00fdch v\u00fddobytc\u00edch\u201c.<\/span><\/strong> Jen si vzpome\u0148te na v\u00fdzkum zes\u00edlen\u00ed funkce, kter\u00fd mohl p\u0159isp\u011bt k p(l)and\u00e9mii koronaviru.<\/span><\/p>\n

Projekt\u00a0<\/span>Target Malaria je \u0161t\u011bd\u0159e\u00a0<\/span><\/a>financov\u00e1n<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Nadac\u00ed Billa a Melindy Gatesov\u00fdch\u00a0\u2013 filantropickou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e1 ji\u017e sehr\u00e1la v\u00edce ne\u017e spornou roli v pandemii koronaviru.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0V\u00edce ne\u017e 200 v\u011bdc\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b pracuje na p\u0159etvo\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrody podle sv\u00fdch p\u0159edstav. Genetick\u00e1 sekvence kom\u00e1ra byla manipulov\u00e1na tak, \u017ee se l\u00edhne v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edce sam\u010d\u00edch ne\u017e sami\u010d\u00edch larev. Stanoven\u00fd c\u00edl: drasticky sn\u00ed\u017eit p\u0159enos mal\u00e1rie. Zn\u00ed to dob\u0159e, \u017ee? Ale \u010f\u00e1bel se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 v detailech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lidsk\u00e9 experimenty na africk\u00fdch ostrovech \u2013 historie se opakuje<\/span><\/h3>\n

Po letech laboratorn\u00edch experiment\u016f v USA nyn\u00ed v\u011bdci pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed krok: prvn\u00ed geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 exempl\u00e1\u0159e maj\u00ed b\u00fdt vypu\u0161t\u011bny na odlehl\u00e9 ostrovy ve Viktoriin\u011b jeze\u0159e. Ironi\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu je, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b na Sesesk\u00fdch ostrovech, kde n\u011bmeck\u00fd specialista na tropickou medic\u00ednu Robert Koch v koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch dob\u00e1ch prov\u00e1d\u011bl kontroverzn\u00ed experimenty na lidech, jsou Afri\u010dan\u00e9 op\u011bt vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ni jako pokusn\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u00edci. Copak jsme se z historie nic nenau\u010dili?<\/span><\/p>\n

Ostrovan\u00e9 jsou degradov\u00e1ni na nic netu\u0161\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky glob\u00e1ln\u00edho experimentu. Jak vedouc\u00ed projektu Kayondo bez obalu p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201eKom\u00e1\u0159i pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed k rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed lidskou krev \u2013 bez n\u00ed prost\u011b nemohou p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt.\u201c\u00a0<\/span>M\u00edstn\u00ed lid\u00e9 nejsou zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ni jen jako d\u00e1rci krve pro geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 kom\u00e1ry, ale tak\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed jako \u017eiv\u00ed testovac\u00ed subjekty pro \u00fa\u010dinky t\u00e9to technologie.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Formul\u00e1\u0159e souhlasu? Informace o rizic\u00edch? Nic.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mal\u00e1rie jako z\u00e1minka pro genetick\u00e9 manipulace<\/span><\/h3>\n

Projekt je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b prod\u00e1v\u00e1n s u\u0161lechtil\u00fdm c\u00edlem boje proti mal\u00e1rii. Tato nemoc si ve skute\u010dnosti ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 600 000 \u017eivot\u016f, z nich\u017e t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny tvo\u0159\u00ed d\u011bti mlad\u0161\u00ed p\u011bti let. To je tragick\u00e9 a vy\u017eaduje \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Ale m\u00edsto spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed se na osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 metody, jako je lep\u0161\u00ed hygiena, \u010dist\u00e1 voda a moskyti\u00e9ry, m\u00e1 b\u00fdt prom\u011bn\u011bna samotn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edroda. P\u0159\u00edstup typick\u00fd pro technokratick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edch \u201efilantrop\u016f\u201c, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee slo\u017eit\u00e9 probl\u00e9my mohou vy\u0159e\u0161it je\u0161t\u011b slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi technick\u00fdmi \u0159e\u0161en\u00edmi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna je chyt\u0159e vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na jako dal\u0161\u00ed faktor strachu. \u00dadajn\u011b se kom\u00e1\u0159i zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed mal\u00e1rii \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed do d\u0159\u00edve m\u00edrn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed kv\u016fli rostouc\u00edm teplot\u00e1m. Americk\u00e1 Centra pro kontrolu a prevenci nemoc\u00ed ji\u017e varovala p\u0159ed lok\u00e1ln\u00edmi p\u0159enosy na Florid\u011b a v Texasu. Kom\u00e1\u0159i rodu Anopheles jsou tak\u00e9 st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji pozorov\u00e1ni v Evrop\u011b.\u00a0<\/span>Poselstv\u00ed je jasn\u00e9: zachr\u00e1nit n\u00e1s mohou pouze drastick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e to stoj\u00ed cokoli. Kde u\u017e jsme tohle sly\u0161eli?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Katastrofick\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti jsou systematicky ignorov\u00e1ny<\/span><\/h3>\n

Zku\u0161enosti z jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed ji\u017e ukazuj\u00ed nep\u0159edv\u00eddatelnost takov\u00fdch experiment\u016f.\u00a0<\/span>V Braz\u00edlii\u00a0<\/span>v\u011bdci z Yaleovy univerzity<\/span><\/a>\u00a0zjistili , \u017ee geneticky modifikovan\u00ed kom\u00e1\u0159i Aedes aegypti od britsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Oxitec se \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b k\u0159\u00ed\u017eili s divok\u00fdmi populacemi.<\/span><\/strong> To zcela odporovalo p\u016fvodn\u00edm pl\u00e1n\u016fm, aby geneticky modifikovan\u00ed kom\u00e1\u0159i byli \u201esamoregula\u010dn\u00ed\u201c. Klasick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad \u201eto jsme ne\u010dekali\u201c \u2013 a\u010dkoli ka\u017ed\u00fd rozumn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk mohl p\u0159edv\u00eddat, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edroda si p\u016fjde svou vlastn\u00ed cestou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnost Oxitec, kter\u00e1 prov\u00e1d\u00ed podobn\u00e9 experimenty ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e deset let, tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00a0<\/span>Braz\u00edlii, na Kajmansk\u00fdch ostrovech a v Panam\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0dos\u00e1hla \u00fasp\u011bchu , kde do\u0161lo k poklesu populace o v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 procent. Ale nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 dlouhodob\u00e9 studie ekologick\u00fdch d\u016fsledk\u016f? Nic. V roce 2021 spole\u010dnost Oxitec dokonce vypustila\u00a0<\/span>na Floridsk\u00fdch ostrovech 144 000 geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch kom\u00e1r\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u2013 experiment, kter\u00fd m\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 ost\u0159e kritizovali. Ale kdo naslouch\u00e1 znepokojen\u00fdm ob\u010dan\u016fm, kdy\u017e jde o velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m?<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci varuj\u00ed p\u0159ed nevratn\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky \u2013 ale kdo jim naslouch\u00e1?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kriti\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci<\/span><\/a>\u00a0nal\u00e9hav\u011b varuj\u00ed p\u0159ed nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdmi dopady na ekosyst\u00e9my.\u00a0<\/span>Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b problematick\u00e1 je mo\u017enost, \u017ee by mechanismy genov\u00e9ho pohonu mohly b\u00fdt p\u0159eneseny na jin\u00e9 druhy. Takov\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 zm\u011bny jsou prakticky nevratn\u00e9, jakmile se uchyt\u00ed ve voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Co za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 jako lok\u00e1ln\u00ed experiment, se m\u016f\u017ee nekontrolovateln\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159it a destabilizovat cel\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my. Ale co se m\u016f\u017ee pokazit?<\/span><\/p>\n

Samotn\u00e9 Kayondo p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed, \u017ee \u201ev\u0161echna rizika mus\u00ed b\u00fdt eliminov\u00e1na\u201c. Pozoruhodn\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee rizika m\u016f\u017eete eliminovat pouze tehdy, kdy\u017e o nich v\u00edte. Ale jak chcete vylou\u010dit rizika, o kter\u00fdch je\u0161t\u011b ani nev\u00edte?\u00a0<\/span>Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee geneticky modifikovan\u00ed kom\u00e1\u0159i by si mohli vyvinout zcela nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 vlastnosti \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad del\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotnost nebo schopnost efektivn\u011bji p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et jin\u00e9 nemoci.<\/span><\/strong> V p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed tla\u010d\u00edtko, kter\u00e9 by mohlo experimenty vr\u00e1tit zp\u011bt. To by m\u011blo b\u00fdt jasn\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kdo n\u011bkdy m\u011bl zahradu.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159edzv\u011bst etick\u00e9 katastrofy<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ugandsk\u00fd projekt je tak\u00e9 etickou katastrofou prvn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du.\u00a0<\/span>Lid\u00e9 v posti\u017een\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch nejsou dostate\u010dn\u011b informov\u00e1ni o rizic\u00edch a jsou fakticky degradov\u00e1ni na pokusn\u00e9 kr\u00e1l\u00edky.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Projekt\u00a0<\/span>Target Malaria Project<\/span><\/a>\u00a0obdr\u017eel v letech 2005 a\u017e 2025 celkem 173 milion\u016f dolar\u016f \u2013 tato \u010d\u00e1stka zd\u016fraz\u0148uje obrovsk\u00fd finan\u010dn\u00ed tlak na jeho realizaci bez ohledu na rizika. Kdy\u017e je v s\u00e1zce tolik pen\u011bz, etick\u00e9 obavy se rychle st\u00e1vaj\u00ed druho\u0159ad\u00fdmi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nadace Gates\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed d\u00e1rci zneu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed utrpen\u00ed africk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva pro sv\u00e9 technokratick\u00e9 experimenty.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0M\u00edsto investic do osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdch preventivn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed se pen\u00edze pl\u00fdtvaj\u00ed na vysoce rizikov\u00e9 projekty genetick\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed, jejich\u017e p\u0159\u00ednosy jsou zna\u010dn\u011b sporn\u00e9. Je pozoruhodn\u00e9, jak bohat\u00ed filantropov\u00e9 opakovan\u011b vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed za spasitele lidstva, zat\u00edmco z\u00e1rove\u0148 z lid\u00ed d\u011blaj\u00ed pokusn\u00e9 kr\u00e1l\u00edky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Expanze navzdory nevy\u0159e\u0161en\u00fdm rizik\u016fm \u2013 plnou parou do nezn\u00e1ma<\/span><\/h3>\n

Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed je, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee Uganda ji\u017e roz\u0161i\u0159uje sv\u016fj v\u00fdzkum na dal\u0161\u00ed ostrovy ve Viktoriin\u011b jeze\u0159e, p\u0159esto\u017ee bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed zcela nevy\u0159e\u0161eny.<\/span><\/strong> Kayondo odhaduje, \u017ee prvn\u00ed poln\u00ed zkou\u0161ky by se mohly uskute\u010dnit nejd\u0159\u00edve v roce 2028. Ale p\u0159\u00edpravy u\u017e jsou v pln\u00e9m proudu. \u010clov\u011bk by si mohl myslet, \u017ee v\u011bdci sp\u011bchaj\u00ed \u2013 jako by se b\u00e1li, \u017ee by n\u011bkdo mohl v\u010das p\u0159eru\u0161it jejich pr\u016fvod.<\/span><\/p>\n

Technologie je inzerov\u00e1na jako cenov\u011b efektivn\u00ed a dlouhodob\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>Ale co se stane, kdy\u017e se experiment pokaz\u00ed? Kdo nese odpov\u011bdnost za ekologick\u00e9 katastrofy nebo vypuknut\u00ed nov\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed? Odpov\u011b\u010f je st\u0159\u00edzliv\u00e1: nikdo.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Zpen\u011b\u017en\u00edci sed\u00ed v klimatizovan\u00fdch kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00edch v USA a Evrop\u011b, zat\u00edmco rizika nesou africk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uganda je tak p\u0159\u00edkladem nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje: pod rou\u0161kou filantropie se cel\u00e9 kontinenty st\u00e1vaj\u00ed experiment\u00e1ln\u00edmi laborato\u0159emi z\u00e1padn\u00edch technokrat\u016f.\u00a0<\/span>To, co se prod\u00e1v\u00e1 jako boj proti mal\u00e1rii, se nakonec uk\u00e1\u017ee jako nemilosrdn\u00fd poln\u00ed experiment s p\u0159\u00edrodou \u2013 a lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed v n\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Historie uk\u00e1\u017ee, zda se tento experiment zap\u00ed\u0161e do historie jako l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd pr\u016flom, nebo jako ekologick\u00e1 katastrofa. Bohu\u017eel se to dozv\u00edme a\u017e pozd\u011bji.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zat\u00edmco sv\u011bt st\u00e1le diskutuje o d\u016fsledc\u00edch pandemie koronaviru a experiment\u00e1ln\u00edch injekc\u00edch genu mRNA, v\u011bdci v…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":80063,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1271,7528,2788,213,46],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80062"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80062"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80062\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80063"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80062"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80062"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80062"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}