{"id":79972,"date":"2025-05-30T00:15:42","date_gmt":"2025-05-29T22:15:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=79972"},"modified":"2025-05-29T15:21:43","modified_gmt":"2025-05-29T13:21:43","slug":"pepe-escobar-asean-cina-gcc-posouvaji-konektivitu-na-novou-uroven","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/05\/30\/pepe-escobar-asean-cina-gcc-posouvaji-konektivitu-na-novou-uroven\/","title":{"rendered":"Pepe Escobar: ASEAN-\u010c\u00edna-GCC posouvaj\u00ed konektivitu na novou \u00farove\u0148"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

Prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edstrann\u00fd summit ASEAN-\u010c\u00edna-GCC, kter\u00fd se konal za\u010d\u00e1tkem tohoto t\u00fddne v Malajsii, je dokonce v\u00edce ne\u017e jen pr\u016flomem nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d regiony a nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d jihem.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sedmn\u00e1ct zem\u00ed sjednocen\u00fdch u jednoho stolu v Kuala Lumpur n\u00e1zorn\u011b uk\u00e1zalo, jak uvedl malajsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r a sou\u010dasn\u00fd p\u0159edseda ASEANu Anwar Ibrahim, jak \u201eod starov\u011bk\u00e9 Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stezky p\u0159es pulzuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie a\u017e po modern\u00ed obchodn\u00ed koridory jsou na\u0161e n\u00e1rody dlouhodob\u011b propojeny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm obchodu, kultury a sd\u00edlen\u00ed my\u0161lenek\u201c.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edkejme tomu duch Nov\u00e9 Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stezky 21. stolet\u00ed. A nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna je p\u0159\u00edmo v jej\u00edm srdci, a to prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm propojen\u00fdch projekt\u016f Iniciativy P\u00e1su a Stezky (BRI) \u2013 od infrastruktury a\u017e po rozvoj obchodu. \u010c\u00edna, jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie a velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asie skute\u010dn\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed Zlat\u00fd troj\u00faheln\u00edk p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, v\u00fdroby a \u0161irok\u00e9 spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9\u00a0prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0malajsijsk\u00e9ho summitu muselo samoz\u0159ejm\u011b oslavovat tyto \u201etrval\u00e9 a hlubok\u00e9 historick\u00e9 a civiliza\u010dn\u00ed vazby\u201c, stejn\u011b jako geoekonomiku, ve snaze \u201epodporovat hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd rozvoj v \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed asijsko-pacifick\u00e9 oblasti [v\u0161imn\u011bte si spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 terminologie] a na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b [star\u00e1 terminologie: spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 je \u201aZ\u00e1padn\u00ed Asie\u2018]\u201c.<\/p>\n

Je tedy p\u0159irozen\u00e9, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna navrhla mo\u017enost zahrnut\u00ed z\u00e1padoasijsk\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed Rady pro spolupr\u00e1ci arabsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu (GCC) do Region\u00e1ln\u00edho komplexn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho partnerstv\u00ed (RCEP), rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 patn\u00e1cti\u010dlenn\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed dohody, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje \u010c\u00ednu a\u00a0ASEAN<\/a>\u00a0(ale nikoliv samovylou\u010denou Indii).<\/p>\n

Voln\u00fd obchod byl kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm t\u00e9matem v Kuala Lumpuru \u2013 od ned\u00e1vno dokon\u010den\u00e9 modernizace z\u00f3ny voln\u00e9ho obchodu mezi \u010c\u00ednou a ASEANem na verzi 3.0 a\u017e po nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o dohod\u011b o voln\u00e9m obchodu mezi \u010c\u00ednou a zem\u011bmi Rady pro spolupr\u00e1ci arabsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu (GCC). Na rozd\u00edl od dohody Trump 2.0 se t\u0159\u00edstrann\u00e1 dohoda zav\u00e1zala k \u201epos\u00edlen\u00ed odolnosti pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch a dodavatelsk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f\u201c, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u0161e sm\u011b\u0159ovalo k dlouhodob\u00e9mu udr\u017eiteln\u00e9mu obchodu bez cel a sankc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Celkov\u00fd obchod ASEANu s \u010c\u00ednou a zem\u011bmi GCC v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce p\u0159ekro\u010dil 900 miliard dolar\u016f, co\u017e je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvojn\u00e1sobek oproti 453 miliard\u00e1m dolar\u016f v obchodu s USA. A ano, dedolarizace obchodu je cestou v cel\u00e9 Asii. T\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed summitem \u010c\u00edna a Indon\u00e9sie spole\u010dn\u011b ozn\u00e1mily, \u017ee od nyn\u011bj\u0161ka bude obchod mezi ob\u011bma mocnostmi prob\u00edhat pouze v juanech a rupi\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed se v\u00fdslovn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159ovalo na prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed \u201espolupr\u00e1ce v oblasti m\u00edstn\u00ed m\u011bny a p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00edch plateb\u201c \u2013 a to v souladu s podporou \u201evysoce kvalitn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce BRI a bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00e9ho propojen\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b rozvoje logistick\u00fdch koridor\u016f a digit\u00e1ln\u00edch platforem\u201c a s pokrokem v \u201ev\u00fdstavb\u011b udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 infrastruktury\u201c. Trilater\u00e1ln\u00ed dohoda se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 budov\u00e1n\u00edm s\u00edt\u011b pan-asijsk\u00fdch koridor\u016f propojen\u00ed \u2013 hlavn\u00edho geoekonomick\u00e9ho t\u00e9matu 21. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Trilater\u00e1ln\u00ed dohoda se musela zm\u00ednit o Gaze \u2013 i kdy\u017e ne tak d\u016frazn\u011b, jak by m\u011bla. Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed v nejlep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u201eschvaluje poradn\u00ed stanovisko Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho soudn\u00edho dvora ze dne 19. \u010dervence 2024, v\u010detn\u011b jeho zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, zejm\u00e9na Valn\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a Rada bezpe\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 si o poradn\u00ed stanovisko vy\u017e\u00e1daly, by m\u011bly zv\u00e1\u017eit konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed modality a dal\u0161\u00ed kroky k co nejrychlej\u0161\u00edmu ukon\u010den\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti St\u00e1tu Izrael na okupovan\u00e9m palestinsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed\u201c; a k \u201edosa\u017een\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed dvou st\u00e1t\u016f zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na hranic\u00edch z roku 1967 v souladu s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem\u201c.<\/p>\n

Jak se v\u00fdchodn\u00ed, jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed a z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asie propojuj\u00ed s BRICS<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie je historicky p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mozaikou nadn\u00e1rodn\u00edch region\u016f propojen\u00fdch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edmi koridory. Prvn\u00ed globalizace se odehr\u00e1la \u2013 kde jinde \u2013 v Asii, od otev\u0159en\u00ed transpacifick\u00e9 trasy spojuj\u00edc\u00ed \u201eNov\u00fd sv\u011bt\u201c s Filip\u00ednami v roce 1511 a\u017e po p\u0159evzet\u00ed Malaky \u2013 velk\u00e9ho jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edho asijsk\u00e9ho emporia \u2013 Portugalci v roce 1571.<\/p>\n

Ale je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed \u00e9rou Vasca da Gamy tvo\u0159ila v\u00fdchodn\u00ed a jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie relativn\u011b integrovanou ekonomickou z\u00f3nu s p\u0159\u00edstavy od Malacky po Nagasaki, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159ily jako obchodn\u00ed centra p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00e1 arabsk\u00fdmi, \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdmi, indick\u00fdmi a japonsk\u00fdmi obchodn\u00edky. Malacka vzkv\u00e9tala d\u00edky vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed infrastruktu\u0159e, m\u00edrn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00edm cl\u016fm a zdrav\u00e9mu fisk\u00e1ln\u00edmu re\u017eimu: mnohem lep\u0161\u00ed nab\u00eddka ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm pred\u00e1torsk\u00fdm portugalsk\u00fdm a nizozemsk\u00fdm koloni\u00e1ln\u00edm z\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm, a\u017e po admir\u00e1la Alfreda Mahana, kter\u00fd konceptualizoval principy n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edly ve prosp\u011bch talasokratick\u00fdch Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n

B\u00fdval\u00fd singapursk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed\u00a0George Yeo<\/a>\u00a0jasn\u011b vysv\u011btlil, jak \u010c\u00edna a jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie \u2013 s ohromuj\u00edc\u00edm \u00fasp\u011bchem \u2013 zlep\u0161ovaly sv\u00e9 historick\u00e9, kulturn\u00ed a obchodn\u00ed vazby. Tento summit, kter\u00fd se kon\u00e1 v Malajsii, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed historicky kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 k\u0159i\u017eovatka Malacca, je dotekem poetick\u00e9 spravedlnosti.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipo\u010dt\u011bte k tomu indon\u00e9sk\u00e9ho prezidenta Prabowa \u2013 b\u00fdval\u00e9ho gener\u00e1la Suharta a jeho ze\u0165 \u2013 kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm premi\u00e9rem Li \u010cchiangem nad\u0161en\u011b chv\u00e1l\u00ed pevn\u00fd antiimperialistick\u00fd postoj \u010c\u00edny od roku 1949 a b\u011bhem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Lze nal\u00e9zt paralelu 21. stolet\u00ed s legend\u00e1rn\u00edm Duchem Bandungu v roce 1955, kdy indon\u00e9sk\u00fd Sukarno \u2013 jeden z v\u016fdc\u016f Hnut\u00ed nez\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch (NAM) \u2013 st\u00e1l bok po boku s \u010cou En-lajem.<\/p>\n

Summit ASEAN-\u010c\u00edna-GCC by mohl b\u00fdt schopen prosadit kroky, kter\u00e9 neoceniteln\u00fd profesor Michael Hudson pova\u017euje za naprosto nezbytn\u00e9 pro \u010dleny BRICS \u2013 a v Kuala Lumpuru se na summitu BRICS<\/a> v Riu za\u010d\u00e1tkem \u010dervence\u00a0sejde pom\u011brn\u011b dost lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Profesor Hudson p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011b uk\u00e1zal, jak se zem\u011b BRICS budou muset zbavit t\u0159\u00edd pozemkov\u00fdch vlastn\u00edk\u016f, monopol\u016f a zbytk\u016f evropsk\u00e9ho kolonialismu, aby \u201edos\u00e1hly stejn\u00e9ho vzestupu, jak\u00fd u\u010dinil z Anglie, N\u011bmecka a USA pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 l\u00eddry sv\u011bta\u201c. To znamen\u00e1 drasticky \u201eomezit platby zahrani\u010dn\u00edm investor\u016fm zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na rentu ze surovin\u201c a potla\u010dit \u201et\u0159\u00eddu renti\u00e9r\u016f\u201c.<\/p>\n

Profesor Hudson tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee pokud jde o \u201ejak osvobodit sv\u00e9 ekonomiky \u2013 n\u00e1jemn\u00e9, platby v\u011b\u0159itel\u016fm \u2013 p\u0159esn\u011b tohle \u010c\u00edna ud\u011blala. \u010c\u00edna za\u017eila revoluci. Po revoluci nem\u011bla finan\u010dn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddu. \u010c\u00edna ud\u011blala z tvorby pen\u011bz ve\u0159ejnou slu\u017ebu \u2013 sou\u010d\u00e1st ministerstva financ\u00ed; vytvo\u0159ila pen\u00edze na financov\u00e1n\u00ed hmatateln\u00fdch investic do tvorby kapit\u00e1lu, tov\u00e1ren, bydlen\u00ed \u2013 trochu moc \u2013 obrovsk\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 infrastruktury, m\u011bstsk\u00e9 dopravy, vysokorychlostn\u00ed \u017eeleznice.\u201c<\/p>\n

To, co jsem d\u0159\u00edve definoval jako \u201elaborato\u0159 BRICS\u201c \u2013 v\u0161echny ty modely, kter\u00e9 jsou neust\u00e1le testov\u00e1ny, po\u010d\u00ednaje lo\u0148sk\u00fdm rokem v Rusku p\u0159ed summitem v Kazani \u2013 se ve skute\u010dnosti sna\u017e\u00ed odpov\u011bd\u011bt na ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 polo\u017eil profesor Hudson, a to n\u011bkolika zp\u016fsoby: \u201eMus\u00edme si vytvo\u0159it vlastn\u00ed pen\u00edze. Elity by nem\u011bly nad\u00e1le t\u011b\u017eit z regresivn\u00edho zdan\u011bn\u00ed. Jak industrializovat? U\u017e \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 ekonomick\u00e1 renta.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 se, jak se dalo o\u010dek\u00e1vat, ji\u017e nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na dal\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni integra\u010dn\u00edho byznysu. Toto je jejich\u00a0\u201emagick\u00e1 zbra\u0148\u201c<\/a>\u00a0k \u201epor\u00e1\u017ece nep\u0159\u00edtele\u201c: \u201eVybudov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201advoj\u00edho ob\u011bhu\u2018 dom\u00e1c\u00edho a zahrani\u010dn\u00edho trhu, sjednocen\u00ed co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu \u017eiv\u00fdch sil do jednotn\u00e9 fronty pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed unilateralismu. V\u011bt\u0161ina ji\u017en\u00edch zem\u00ed jsou p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi spojenci. Mo\u017enost \u00fazk\u00e9ho propojen\u00ed \u201aspolupr\u00e1ce Jih-Jih\u2018 a \u201advoj\u00edho ob\u011bhu\u2018 se den ode dne zvy\u0161uje.\u201c<\/p>\n

Jeffrey Sachs v Kuala Lumpuru p\u0159ed summitem ASEAN-\u010c\u00edna-GCC v\u00fdsti\u017en\u011b vystihl ducha Nov\u00e9 Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stezky: \u201eKdy\u017e d\u00e1te dohromady japonsk\u00e9 dovednosti, korejsk\u00e9 dovednosti, \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 dovednosti, dovednosti ASEAN, panebo\u017ee: nikdo by nemohl konkurovat (\u2026) Diplomacie vy\u017eaduje st\u016fl a dv\u011b \u017eidle. Arm\u00e1da pot\u0159ebuje 1 bilion dolar\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b. Kter\u00e1 z nich je podle v\u00e1s lep\u0161\u00ed?\u201c<\/p>\n

Pepe Escobar<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n
\"\"<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edstrann\u00fd summit ASEAN-\u010c\u00edna-GCC, kter\u00fd se konal za\u010d\u00e1tkem tohoto t\u00fddne v Malajsii, je dokonce v\u00edce…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":79973,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[996,1503,623],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79972"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79972"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79972\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/79973"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79972"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=79972"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=79972"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}