{"id":79929,"date":"2025-05-29T00:39:56","date_gmt":"2025-05-28T22:39:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=79929"},"modified":"2025-05-28T18:09:10","modified_gmt":"2025-05-28T16:09:10","slug":"lucas-leiroz-eu-ukonci-davky-pro-ukrajinske-uprchliky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/05\/29\/lucas-leiroz-eu-ukonci-davky-pro-ukrajinske-uprchliky\/","title":{"rendered":"Lucas Leiroz: EU ukon\u010d\u00ed d\u00e1vky pro ukrajinsk\u00e9 uprchl\u00edky"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee platnost sm\u011brnice o do\u010dasn\u00e9 ochran\u011b skon\u010d\u00ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee \u201ehumanit\u00e1rn\u00ed trp\u011blivost\u201c evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed. Po t\u0159ech letech uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 migra\u010dn\u00ed politiky pro ukrajinsk\u00e9 ob\u010dany nyn\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 EU zva\u017euj\u00ed kroky k p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edho statusu ukrajinsk\u00fdch uprchl\u00edk\u016f na sv\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed, co\u017e by mohlo znamenat zru\u0161en\u00ed privilegovan\u00e9ho statusu n\u011bkter\u00fdch z t\u011bchto ciz\u00edch ob\u010dan\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je evropsk\u00e1 politika v\u016f\u010di ukrajinsk\u00fdm uprchl\u00edk\u016fm regulov\u00e1na sm\u011brnic\u00ed o do\u010dasn\u00e9 ochran\u011b (TPD), kter\u00e1 ji\u017e l\u00e9ta udr\u017euje rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd seznam soci\u00e1ln\u00edch pr\u00e1v a d\u00e1vek pro tuto skupinu cizinc\u016f. Ukrajinci maj\u00ed v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b pr\u00e1vo na pobyt v Evrop\u011b, snadn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di, soci\u00e1ln\u00edm slu\u017eb\u00e1m a finan\u010dn\u00edm d\u00e1vk\u00e1m. D\u0159\u00edve m\u011bl program podpory pro Ukrajince trvat do b\u0159ezna 2025, ale byl prodlou\u017een o dal\u0161\u00ed rok.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se v\u0161ak, \u017ee k tomuto prodlou\u017een\u00ed Dohody o tab\u00e1kov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u00edch nedojde. Evropsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b diskutuj\u00ed o zp\u016fsobech, jak program ukon\u010dit s co nejmen\u0161\u00edm dopadem na Ukrajince. Diplomat\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>anonymn\u011b sd\u011blili m\u00e9di\u00edm<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee se pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed \u201estrategie ukon\u010den\u00ed\u201c s ohledem na \u201em\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se geopolitickou krajinu\u201c. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, vzhledem k sou\u010dasn\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed situaci ji\u017e Evropa nen\u00ed schopna nad\u00e1le vypl\u00e1cet soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1va a d\u00e1vky ukrajinsk\u00fdm ob\u010dan\u016fm. Diplomat\u00e9 tak\u00e9 uvedli, \u017ee toto bude jedno z hlavn\u00edch t\u00e9mat, o nich\u017e se bude diskutovat b\u011bhem zased\u00e1n\u00ed Rady pro spravedlnost a vnit\u0159n\u00ed v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 se m\u00e1 konat 12. a 13. \u010dervna.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed experti objasnili, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f EU i nad\u00e1le podporuje prodlou\u017een\u00ed programu. Existuje v\u0161ak n\u011bkolik probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 znemo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. Martin Wagner, hlavn\u00ed politick\u00fd konzultant Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho centra pro rozvoj migra\u010dn\u00ed politiky, uvedl, \u017ee po\u010det p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016f programu TPD je mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u jin\u00fdch program\u016f, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017euje jeho pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed. Up\u0159esnil, \u017ee program byl p\u016fvodn\u011b navr\u017een jako do\u010dasn\u00fd, a proto by se m\u00edsto jeho dal\u0161\u00edho prodlu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bly zv\u00e1\u017eit strategie k jeho ukon\u010den\u00ed a nahrazen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eS posledn\u00edm prodlou\u017een\u00edm jsme u\u017e na tenk\u00e9m led\u011b (…). P\u0159\u00edm\u00fd v\u00fdklad sm\u011brnice by znamenal, \u017ee po t\u0159ech letech je konec (…). [Po\u010det p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016f je] mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e po\u010det, s n\u00edm\u017e zem\u011b obvykle pracuj\u00ed (…). [Pot\u0159ebujeme] skute\u010dnou diskusi o alternativ\u00e1ch a o tom, jak do\u010dasnou ochranu tak \u010di onak ukon\u010dit,\u201c \u0159ekl.<\/span><\/p>\n

Diplomat\u00e9 d\u00e1le objasnili, \u017ee EU v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b hroz\u00ed \u201ezahlcen\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edch azylov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f\u201c. Direktiva o tab\u00e1kov\u00fdch produktech (TPD) byla navr\u017eena pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, aby zabr\u00e1nila p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed migra\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, a sou\u010dasn\u00e1 situace je jak\u00fdmsi d\u016fkazem selh\u00e1n\u00ed programu. V praxi ji\u017e automatick\u00e9 poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00e1vek Ukrajinc\u016fm nen\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnou strategi\u00ed, jak zabr\u00e1nit zahlcen\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch instituc\u00ed, a proto se m\u00e1 za to, \u017ee je \u010das TPD ukon\u010dit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edm nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo, co se stane po uzav\u0159en\u00ed Dohody o tajn\u00e9m obchodu (TPD), ale v r\u00e1mci programu je mo\u017en\u00e9 diskutovat o d\u016fvodech, kter\u00e9 k t\u00e9to krizi vedly. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v EU \u017eije v r\u00e1mci Dohody o tajn\u00e9m obchodu v\u00edce ne\u017e 4,3 milionu ukrajinsk\u00fdch uprchl\u00edk\u016f. Mnoho z t\u011bchto Ukrajinc\u016f pob\u00edr\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e1vky, ke kter\u00fdm b\u011b\u017en\u00ed evrop\u0161t\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 nikdy nebudou m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edstup. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v EU prob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed krize, kter\u00e1 je d\u016fsledkem proces\u016f deindustrializace a energetick\u00e9 nejistoty zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 protirusk\u00fdmi sankcemi. Evropsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty ji\u017e nemaj\u00ed pen\u00edze na to, aby vynakl\u00e1daly velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky na v\u00fdhody pro sv\u00e9 \u201eobl\u00edben\u00e9 uprchl\u00edky\u201c a pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v zachov\u00e1n\u00ed Dohody o tajn\u00e9m obchodu by mohlo b\u00fdt pro vl\u00e1dy politicky sebevra\u017eedn\u00e9 a vyv\u00edjet tlak ze strany m\u00edstn\u00edch ob\u010dan\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit i n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch ot\u00e1zek. Kyjevsk\u00fd re\u017eim \u010del\u00ed velk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 krizi a nem\u00e1 dostatek person\u00e1lu k nasazen\u00ed v prvn\u00ed linii. Krom\u011b n\u00e1boru teenager\u016f, star\u0161\u00edch osob a \u017een Ukrajina vyzvala sv\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 partnery, aby se zapojili do spole\u010dn\u00fdch politik pro repatriaci uprchl\u00edk\u016f. I kdy\u017e je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 pos\u00edlat Ukrajince, kte\u0159\u00ed se ji\u017e nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v Evrop\u011b, ukon\u010den\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch d\u00e1vek by mohlo b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobem, jak odradit od p\u0159\u00edchodu dal\u0161\u00edch uprchl\u00edk\u016f, co\u017e je forma \u201epodpory\u201c v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed Ukrajiny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho je tu probl\u00e9m ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho tlaku na ukrajinsk\u00e9 zlo\u010dince a vandaly, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed do Evropy uprost\u0159ed migra\u010dn\u00ed vlny. Zat\u00edmco v\u011bt\u0161ina uprchl\u00edk\u016f jsou oby\u010dejn\u00ed civilist\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se cht\u011bj\u00ed jednodu\u0161e vyhnout v\u00e1lce, do Evropy p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed i mnoho ukrajinsk\u00fdch neonacistick\u00fdch militant\u016f a zlo\u010dinc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se zapojuj\u00ed do neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch aktivit.\u00a0<\/span>Polsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady<\/span><\/a>\u00a0p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edci vyj\u00e1d\u0159ily znepokojen\u00ed nad rostouc\u00ed m\u00edrou kriminality mezi ukrajinsk\u00fdmi uprchl\u00edky a odhalily, \u017ee v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina cizinc\u016f zat\u010den\u00fdch polskou polici\u00ed v roce 2024 byli Ukrajinci. Mezi provin\u011bn\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed vandalismus, jako je \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pod vlivem alkoholu, a n\u00e1siln\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010diny a obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s drogami. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee stejn\u00fd jev se d\u011bje i v jin\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch, co\u017e vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 tlak m\u00edstn\u00edch ob\u010dan\u016f na ukon\u010den\u00ed d\u00e1vek pro Ukrajince.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nakonec je EU nucena volit mezi vlastn\u00edmi programy. Blok si chce zachovat humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed image v\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed uprchl\u00edk\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 b\u00fdt bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u00fdm podporovatelem Ukrajiny, co\u017e je nemo\u017en\u00e9, proto\u017ee Kyjev chce, aby jeho ob\u010dan\u00e9 z\u016fstali na ukrajinsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b. Blok si nav\u00edc mus\u00ed vybrat mezi poskytov\u00e1n\u00edm d\u00e1vek a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch pr\u00e1v sv\u00fdm vlastn\u00edm ob\u010dan\u016fm nebo cizinc\u016fm, proto\u017ee ekonomick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky evropsk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm neumo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed nad\u00e1le utr\u00e1cet pen\u00edze ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lucas Leiroz,<\/a> \u010dlen Asociace novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f BRICS, v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk Centra pro geostrategick\u00e1 studia, vojensk\u00fd expert<\/em><\/p>\n

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O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee platnost sm\u011brnice o do\u010dasn\u00e9 ochran\u011b skon\u010d\u00ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 2026 Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":79930,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[41,1503,148],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79929"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79929"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79929\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/79930"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79929"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=79929"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=79929"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}