{"id":79927,"date":"2025-05-29T00:37:43","date_gmt":"2025-05-28T22:37:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=79927"},"modified":"2025-05-28T18:02:04","modified_gmt":"2025-05-28T16:02:04","slug":"uriel-araujo-trump-se-na-popud-izraele-zameril-na-jihoafrickou-republiku-bursky-problem-je-realny-ale-zneuzivan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/05\/29\/uriel-araujo-trump-se-na-popud-izraele-zameril-na-jihoafrickou-republiku-bursky-problem-je-realny-ale-zneuzivan\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: Trump se na popud Izraele zam\u011b\u0159il na Jihoafrickou republiku, b\u00farsk\u00fd probl\u00e9m je re\u00e1ln\u00fd, ale zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"
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N\u00e1sil\u00ed p\u00e1chan\u00e9 na b\u00edl\u00fdch v Ji\u017en\u00ed Africe je v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m, ale ne genocida. Zleh\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed katastrofy Palestiny a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zesilov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159ehnan\u00fdch n\u00e1rok\u016f Jihoafrick\u00e9 republiky Trump selektivn\u011b ignoruje d\u016fkazy kv\u016fli politick\u00e9mu zisku, \u010d\u00edm\u017e podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u00e9 obavy z genocidy a pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hodn\u011b se mluv\u00ed o ot\u00e1zce B\u00far\u016f a b\u00edl\u00fdch obecn\u011b v Ji\u017en\u00ed Africe a o p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi Washingtonem a Pretori\u00ed kv\u016fli t\u00e9to z\u00e1le\u017eitosti. V\u011bt\u0161ina anal\u00fdz v\u0161ak z\u0159ejm\u011b opom\u00edj\u00ed hlavn\u00ed politick\u00fd bod, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl zahrnovat nejen opodstatn\u011bnost obvin\u011bn\u00ed americk\u00e9ho prezidenta Donalda Trumpa (a kontext), ale tak\u00e9 jeho mo\u017en\u00e9 motivace.<\/span><\/p>\n

21. kv\u011btna se Trump v Ov\u00e1ln\u00e9 pracovn\u011b konfrontoval s jihoafrick\u00fdm prezidentem Cyrilem Ramaphosou a p\u0159edlo\u017eil mu videa a ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky, kter\u00e9 obvi\u0148ovaly z \u201egenocidy b\u00edl\u00fdch\u201c a zam\u011b\u0159ovaly se na n\u00e1sil\u00ed p\u00e1chan\u00e9 na b\u00farsk\u00fdch farm\u00e1\u0159\u00edch v zemi. Trump ztlumil sv\u011btla, aby mohl p\u0159ehr\u00e1t z\u00e1b\u011bry, v\u010detn\u011b klip\u016f s skandov\u00e1n\u00edm \u201eZabijte B\u00fary\u201c, a tvrdil, \u017ee ukazuj\u00ed pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed. To mnoh\u00e9 p\u0159ekvapilo a Ramaphosu to zjevn\u011b zahanbilo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco rasov\u00e1 segregace ze z\u00e1kona skon\u010dila ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1konem o ob\u010dansk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech z roku 1964, jihoafrick\u00fd apartheid skon\u010dil a\u017e v roce 1994. A\u010dkoli je rasistick\u00fd re\u017eim apartheidu ovl\u00e1dan\u00fd b\u011blochy velmi dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00fd, v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed na Z\u00e1pad\u011b o \u201eB\u00farech\u201c a\u017e doned\u00e1vna nikdy nesly\u0161ela.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00farov\u00e9, b\u00edl\u00ed potomci nizozemsk\u00fdch, n\u011bmeck\u00fdch a francouzsk\u00fdch osadn\u00edk\u016f, p\u0159i\u0161li do Ji\u017en\u00ed Afriky v 17. a 18. stolet\u00ed. Mluvili afrik\u00e1nsky a byli zn\u00e1m\u00ed svou kalvinistickou v\u00edrou, zalo\u017eili zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 komunity a tvo\u0159ili p\u00e1te\u0159 afrik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 populace. B\u011bhem Velk\u00e9ho treku v 19. stolet\u00ed zalo\u017eili B\u00farsk\u00e9 republiky, bojuj\u00edc\u00ed proti Brit\u016fm v\u00a0<\/span>anglo-b\u00farsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(1880-1881, 1899-1902), kter\u00e9 do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry formovaly jihoafrick\u00e9 d\u011bjiny.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00e1lo zn\u00e1m\u00fdm faktem je, \u017ee Britov\u00e9 zalo\u017eili jedny z prvn\u00edch modern\u00edch koncentra\u010dn\u00edch t\u00e1bor\u016f v historii lidstva b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 anglo-b\u00farsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky (1899-1902), aby zadr\u017eovali b\u00farsk\u00e9 civilisty,\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u017eeny a d\u011bti<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, a kontrolovali populaci. Tyto t\u00e1bory, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem bylo\u00a0<\/span>naru\u0161it podporu b\u00farsk\u00fdch guerill<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, vedly k tis\u00edc\u016fm \u00famrt\u00ed v d\u016fsledku nemoc\u00ed a \u0161patn\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edho stavu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika je celkov\u011b chud\u00e1 zem\u011b a B\u00farov\u00e9 dnes zdaleka nejsou jen bohatou privilegovanou men\u0161inou;\u00a0<\/span>\u010dl\u00e1nek agentury<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Reuters z roku 2015 dokonce zmi\u0148uje statis\u00edce jihoafrick\u00fdch b\u00edl\u00fdch \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch v\u00a0<\/span>chudob\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, z nich\u017e mnoz\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed v squattersk\u00fdch t\u00e1borech, jako je Coronation Park, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee na tom m\u016f\u017ee hr\u00e1t roli politika pozitivn\u00ed diskriminace po apartheidu. Podle agentury Reuters:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eNed\u00e1vno byli (mnoz\u00ed) nuceni \u017e\u00edt na okraji spole\u010dnosti a vn\u00edmaj\u00ed se jako ob\u011bti \u201aobr\u00e1cen\u00e9ho apartheidu\u2018… Jen m\u00e1lo lid\u00ed bylo soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi a ekonomick\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami v nov\u00e9 Ji\u017en\u00ed Africe zni\u010deno v\u00edce ne\u017e rostouc\u00ed po\u010det chud\u00fdch b\u00edl\u00fdch… Nyn\u00ed, kdy\u017e tato z\u00e1chrann\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 zmizela, se nekvalifikovan\u00ed b\u00edl\u00ed ocitaj\u00ed na \u0161patn\u00e9 stran\u011b historie a t\u011b\u0161\u00ed se jen mal\u00e9mu soucitu od t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed je vn\u00edmaj\u00ed jako osoby, kter\u00e9 nespravedliv\u011b profitovaly z brut\u00e1ln\u00edch let apartheidu. \u201aNa\u0161e barva pleti tady nen\u00ed tou spr\u00e1vnou barvou pleti te\u010f v Ji\u017en\u00ed Africe.\u2018\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Obecn\u011b se v\u0161ak b\u011bloch\u016fm v Ji\u017en\u00ed Africe da\u0159\u00ed mnohem l\u00e9pe ne\u017e \u010dernoch\u016fm, a to i dnes. A pak jsou tu b\u00far\u0161t\u00ed farm\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou uprost\u0159ed t\u00e9to slo\u017eit\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a etnopolitick\u00e9 krajiny, poznamenan\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00edm a st\u00ed\u017enostmi, \u010dasto ter\u010dem zab\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy. Nap\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0<\/span>\u010dl\u00e1nek<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v New York Times z roku 2020 uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee probl\u00e9m \u201ezab\u00edjen\u00ed b\u00edl\u00fdch farm\u00e1\u0159\u016f\u201c existuje, ale v\u011bt\u0161inu takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f p\u0159ipisuje hlavn\u011b loupe\u017e\u00edm, a to v zemi s celkov\u011b velmi vysokou m\u00edrou kriminality.<\/span><\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to souvislosti lze docela dob\u0159e nam\u00edtnout, \u017ee zp\u011bv p\u00edsn\u011b \u201eKill the Boer\u201c (s ko\u0159eny v aktivismu proti apartheidu) v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch nepomohl zm\u00edrnit nap\u011bt\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>\u010cl\u00e1nek<\/span><\/a>\u00a0agentury Reuters z roku 2010 uv\u00e1d\u00ed obhajobu t\u00e9to p\u00edsn\u011b Africk\u00fdm n\u00e1rodn\u00edm kongresem (ANC) jako historickou, nikoli podn\u011bcuj\u00edc\u00ed, a\u010dkoli soud z roku 2010\u00a0<\/span>ji ozna\u010dil za \u201enen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 projevy\u201c<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(pozd\u011bji\u00a0v\u00a0roce 2022\u00a0<\/a><\/span>zru\u0161eno<\/span><\/a>\u00a0).<\/span><\/p>\n

Stejn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh zd\u016fraz\u0148uje obavy z rasov\u00e9 polarizace. Dokonce i Anti-Defamation League (ADL), a\u010dkoli zmi\u0148uje protiapartheidn\u00ed ko\u0159eny p\u00edsn\u011b, varovala, \u017ee jej\u00ed text by mohl b\u00fdt interpretov\u00e1n jako v\u00fdzva k n\u00e1sil\u00ed, a\u00a0<\/span>nal\u00e9hav\u011b \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 osobnosti, aby se takov\u00fdm projev\u016fm vyh\u00fdbaly. Zp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nebo k\u0159i\u010den\u00ed \u201ezabij X\u201c (nebo \u201ezast\u0159el X\u201c), p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e X je velmi specifick\u00e1 etnick\u00e1 skupina, by bylo ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b zem\u00ed v jak\u00e9mkoli dan\u00e9m kontextu pova\u017eov\u00e1no za zlo\u010din z nen\u00e1visti nebo p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm za \u0161tvav\u00fd projev.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli je tedy tato ot\u00e1zka na Z\u00e1pad\u011b kv\u016fli politick\u00e9 citlivosti \u010dasto p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eena (proto\u017ee nen\u00ed \u201epoliticky korektn\u00ed\u201c), etnopolitick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v Ji\u017en\u00ed Africe dnes existuje a ovliv\u0148uje B\u00fary a b\u011blochy obecn\u011b \u2013 a to je t\u0159eba uznat. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b tvrzen\u00ed o \u201egenocid\u011b\u201c jsou hrub\u011b p\u0159ehnan\u00e1, a to i kv\u016fli politick\u00e9mu zisku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle Transvaalsk\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 unie bylo sice \u00fatok\u016f na vzestupu, ale mezi lety 1990 a 2024 bylo zabito pouze 1363 b\u00edl\u00fdch farm\u00e1\u0159\u016f, co\u017e je mal\u00fd zlomek z 26 232 vra\u017ed sp\u00e1chan\u00fdch v Ji\u017en\u00ed Africe jen v roce 2024. Data TAU SA se trochu li\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0<\/span>uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a01824 vra\u017ed na farm\u00e1ch od roku 1990 do \u010dervna 2016, z nich\u017e 1170 byli farm\u00e1\u0159i (v\u011bt\u0161inou b\u00edl\u00ed).<\/span><\/p>\n

Co se tedy skr\u00fdv\u00e1 za Trumpovou p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed obhajobou b\u00edl\u00fdch Jihoafri\u010dan\u016f? Krom\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9ho skute\u010dn\u00e9ho humanit\u00e1rn\u00edho z\u00e1jmu a dokonce i pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9ho naklon\u011bn\u00ed se \u010d\u00e1sti jeho radik\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch krajn\u011b pravicov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edznivc\u016f (\u201eb\u00edl\u00ed nacionalist\u00e9\u201c atd.) se Trumpovy \u010diny shoduj\u00ed s izraelsk\u00fdm \u00fasil\u00edm o \u201epotrest\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c propalestinsk\u00e9 obhajoby Jihoafrick\u00e9 republiky, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e izraelsk\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed snah proti ANC je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1mo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 si vzpomeneme, jak p\u0159\u00edpad Jihoafrick\u00e9 republiky u Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho soudn\u00edho dvora z roku 2023, v n\u011bm\u017e byl Izrael obvin\u011bn z genocidy v Gaze, rozzlobil Izrael a jeho bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho spojence, USA. Trump\u016fv v\u00fdkonn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkaz ze 7. \u00fanora 2025, kter\u00fdm se zastavila pomoc, tento p\u0159\u00edpad, spolu s ot\u00e1zkou vyvlastn\u011bn\u00ed p\u016fdy, v\u00fdslovn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>uv\u00e1d\u011bl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jako \u201eagresivn\u00ed\u201c proti americk\u00fdm z\u00e1jm\u016fm. V dne\u0161n\u00ed v\u00e1lce narativ\u016f lze v podstat\u011b tvrzen\u00ed o genocid\u011b \u010delit podobn\u00fdm tvrzen\u00edm (vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00edch etnopolitick\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f) a zem\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu BRICS by mohla b\u00fdt dobr\u00fdm c\u00edlem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Palestina dnes \u010del\u00ed zdokumentovan\u00fdm masov\u00fdm vra\u017ed\u00e1m, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e podle zpr\u00e1v OSN bylo v Gaze od roku 2023\u00a0<\/span>zabito p\u0159es 50 000 lid\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, a to spolu s \u00famysln\u00fdm ni\u010den\u00edm infrastruktury a\u00a0<\/span>politikou hladov\u011bn\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, co\u017e pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed definici genocidy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abychom to shrnuli, b\u00farsk\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka je sice dostate\u010dn\u011b re\u00e1ln\u00e1, ale Trumpovo pokryteck\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na Jihoafrickou republiku je v podstat\u011b v souladu s izraelskou agendou, vzhledem k p\u0159\u00edpadu Jihoafrick\u00e9 republiky proti \u017eidovsk\u00e9mu st\u00e1tu u Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho soudn\u00edho dvora. T\u00edm, \u017ee Trump zleh\u010duje humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed katastrofu Palestiny a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zesiluje p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 n\u00e1roky Jihoafrick\u00e9 republiky, selektivn\u011b ignoruje d\u016fkazy kv\u016fli politick\u00e9mu zisku, \u010d\u00edm\u017e podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u00e9 obavy z genocidy a pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD.<\/a> v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00e1sil\u00ed p\u00e1chan\u00e9 na b\u00edl\u00fdch v Ji\u017en\u00ed Africe je v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m, ale ne genocida. Zleh\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":79928,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[3138,178,900,452],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79927"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79927"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79927\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/79928"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79927"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=79927"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=79927"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}