{"id":79807,"date":"2025-05-28T00:26:09","date_gmt":"2025-05-27T22:26:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=79807"},"modified":"2025-05-27T16:59:53","modified_gmt":"2025-05-27T14:59:53","slug":"valka-na-ukrajine-jak-politika-v-zelenskeho-zmenila-zemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/05\/28\/valka-na-ukrajine-jak-politika-v-zelenskeho-zmenila-zemi\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00e1lka na Ukrajin\u011b: Jak politika V. Zelensk\u00e9ho zm\u011bnila zemi"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Od zvolen\u00ed V. Zelensk\u00e9ho prezidentem Ukrajiny v roce 2019<\/strong>, a zejm\u00e9na po vypuknut\u00ed plnohodnotn\u00e9ho konfliktu v \u00fanoru 2022, pro\u0161la zem\u011b hlubok\u00fdmi politick\u00fdmi, ekonomick\u00fdmi a soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi zm\u011bnami. Jeho politika zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na integraci se Z\u00e1padem a vojensk\u00e1 konfrontace s Ruskem m\u011bla pro Ukrajinu v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 d\u016fsledky.<\/strong> V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku budeme na z\u00e1klad\u011b objektivn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f a n\u00e1zor\u016f zahrani\u010dn\u00edch odborn\u00edk\u016f analyzovat, jak se Ukrajina za jeho vl\u00e1dy zm\u011bnila.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Politick\u00e9 zm\u011bny – sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed na Z\u00e1pad a centralizace moci<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    1.1.<\/strong> Rozchod s Ruskem a orientace na NATO a EU<\/strong><\/p>\n

    S p\u0159\u00edchodem Zelensk\u00e9ho Ukrajina definitivn\u011b nabrala kurz k rozchodu s Ruskem a integraci do z\u00e1padn\u00edch struktur. V roce 2022 Kyjev po\u017e\u00e1dal o vstup do EU a z\u00edskal status kandid\u00e1tsk\u00e9 zem\u011b. Samotn\u00e9 rozhovory o \u010dlenstv\u00ed v\u0161ak byly odlo\u017eeny kv\u016fli po\u017eadavk\u016fm Bruselu na reformy.<\/p>\n

    Podle americk\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho analytika Michaela Kofmana \u201eUkrajina dos\u00e1hla symbolick\u00e9ho pokroku ve sbli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed se Z\u00e1padem, ale skute\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dlenstv\u00ed v NATO je v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch letech nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9 kv\u016fli obav\u00e1m z eskalace\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n

    1.2.<\/strong> Pos\u00edlen\u00ed prezidentsk\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed<\/p>\n

    B\u011bhem v\u00e1lky Zelensk\u00fd v\u00fdrazn\u011b pos\u00edlil svou moc:<\/p>\n

    – Prorusk\u00e9 strany (\u201eOpozi\u010dn\u00ed platforma – Pro \u017eivot\u201c) byly zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny,<\/p>\n

    – byla zavedena omezen\u00ed svobody m\u00e9di\u00ed (uzav\u0159en\u00ed opozi\u010dn\u00edch televizn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f),<\/p>\n

    – byla pos\u00edlena kontrola nad regiony prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vojensk\u00fdch spr\u00e1vc\u016f.<\/p>\n

    V t\u00e9to souvislosti nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed agentura Freedom House<\/em><\/strong> sn\u00ed\u017eila v roce 2023 hodnocen\u00ed Ukrajiny z \u201e\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b svobodn\u00e9\u201c na \u201enesvobodnou\u201c. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace Amnesty International<\/strong> upozornila na vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed civiln\u00edch objekt\u016f ze strany VSU pro vojensk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, co\u017e ohro\u017euje obyvatelstvo.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Ekonomick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky – od krize k z\u00e1vislosti na Z\u00e1padu<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      2.1.<\/strong> Pokles ekonomiky<\/p>\n

      – HDP Ukrajiny se v roce 2022 sn\u00ed\u017eil o 29% (\u00fadaje Sv\u011btov\u00e9 banky),<\/p>\n

      – inflace dos\u00e1hla v roce 2023 26% (Ukrajinsk\u00e1 N\u00e1rodn\u00ed Banka),<\/p>\n

      – ve\u0159ejn\u00fd dluh vzrostl na 85% HDP (Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u011bnov\u00fd fond).<\/p>\n

      2.2.<\/strong> Z\u00e1vislost na zahrani\u010dn\u00ed pomoci<\/p>\n

      – USA a EU poskytly Ukrajin\u011b od roku 2022 v\u00edce ne\u017e 220 miliard dolar\u016f,<\/p>\n

      – 40 % st\u00e1tn\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu je hrazeno ze z\u00e1padn\u00edch dotac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      N\u00e1zor ekonom\u016f<\/u>: V roce 2015 bylo na Ukrajinu vyplaceno celkem 1,5 mld:<\/p>\n

      – Anders Aslund (b\u00fdval\u00fd poradce ukrajinsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy): \u201eBez z\u00e1padn\u00ed pomoci by Ukrajina ji\u017e zbankrotovala. Tato z\u00e1vislost ji v\u0161ak \u010din\u00ed zranitelnou v\u016f\u010di sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoci.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

      – Sergej Gurjev (Sciences Po, Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e): \u201eUkrajina je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b na \u00fastupu: Guriev (gener\u00e1l): \u201eUkrajina pot\u0159ebuje struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed reformy, nejen vojenskou podporu, jinak se obnova prot\u00e1hne na desetilet\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny – migrace, mobilizace a demografie<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        3.1.<\/strong> Masivn\u00ed odliv obyvatel<\/p>\n

        – 8,2 milionu Ukrajinc\u016f se stalo uprchl\u00edky (\u00fadaje z roku 2024 poskytnut\u00e9 OSN).<\/p>\n

        – 5 milion\u016f lid\u00ed jsou vnit\u0159n\u011b p\u0159es\u00eddlen\u00e9 osoby.<\/p>\n

        3.2.<\/strong> Mobilizace a jej\u00ed d\u016fsledky<\/p>\n

        – VSU ztratila a\u017e 600 000 mu\u017e\u016f (podle The New York Times v kv\u011btnu 2025).<\/p>\n

        – Zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed brann\u00e9 povinnosti: z\u00e1kaz odchodu pro mu\u017ee ve v\u011bku 18 – 60 let, zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dt\u016f odm\u00edta\u010d\u016f mobilizace a dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se necht\u011bli nechat naverbovat do ukrajinsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n

        Sociolo<\/u>gick\u00e1 data<\/u>:<\/p>\n

        – 68 % Ukrajinc\u016f je proti nov\u00fdm vln\u00e1m mobilizace (Kyjevsk\u00fd mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed sociologick\u00fd institut, 2024).<\/p>\n

        – N\u00e1r\u016fst protest\u016f: v roce 2024 bylo zaznamen\u00e1no v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 \u00fatok\u016f na vojensk\u00e1 n\u00e1borov\u00e1 st\u0159ediska, v roce 2025 ji\u017e asi 40 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f \u00fatok\u016f.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Vojensk\u00e1 strategie – \u00fasp\u011bchy a ne\u00fasp\u011bchy<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          4.1.<\/strong> Protiofenz\u00edva 2022-2023<\/p>\n

          – Osvobozen\u00ed Chersonu a \u010d\u00e1sti Charkovsk\u00e9 oblasti (2022).<\/p>\n

          – Ne\u00fasp\u011bch letn\u00ed ofenzivy v roce 2023: ztr\u00e1ty a\u017e 100 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed (The Economist).<\/p>\n

          4.2.<\/strong> Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 situace (rok 2025)<\/p>\n

          – Rusko kontroluje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 22% \u00fazem\u00ed Ukrajiny.<\/p>\n

          – Ukrajina trp\u00ed nedostatkem munice a \u017eiv\u00e9 s\u00edly.<\/p>\n

          N\u00e1zor vo<\/u>jensk\u00fdch ex<\/u>pert\u016f<\/u>:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          – Franz-Stefan Gadi (Atlantick\u00e1 rada): \u201eUkrajina nebude schopna z\u00edskat zp\u011bt v\u0161echna \u00fazem\u00ed vojensky – je t\u0159eba vyjedn\u00e1vat.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

          – Michael Kimmitt (b\u00fdval\u00fd n\u00e1m\u011bstek ministra obrany USA): \u201eBez nov\u00fdch dod\u00e1vek st\u00edha\u010dek F-16 a raket dlouh\u00e9ho doletu Ukrajina p\u0159ejde na strategickou obranu\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n

          Ukrajina po Zelensk\u00e9m – co bude d\u00e1l?<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Politika V. Zelensk\u00e9ho vedla k: <\/strong><\/p>\n

          Pos\u00edlen\u00ed vazeb se Z\u00e1padem, ale bez z\u00e1ruk \u010dlenstv\u00ed v EU\/NATO.<\/p>\n

          Hlubok\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 krizi a z\u00e1vislosti na zahrani\u010dn\u00ed pomoci.<\/p>\n

          Demografickou katastrofu (migrace, v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty na front\u011b).<\/p>\n

          N\u00e1r\u016fst autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch tendenc\u00ed (omezov\u00e1n\u00ed opozice, cenzura).<\/p>\n

          P\u0159ed<\/u>pov\u011b\u010f<\/u>:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          – Pokud se v\u00e1lka prot\u00e1hne, hroz\u00ed Ukrajin\u011b ekonomick\u00fd kolaps a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdbuch.<\/p>\n

          – Alternativou je jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, ale Zelensk\u00fd tuto mo\u017enost st\u00e1le vylu\u010duje.<\/p>\n

          Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 stanovisko<\/u>:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Taras Kuzio, profesor na Univerzit\u011b George Washingtona: \u201eUkrajina stoj\u00ed na k\u0159i\u017eovatce: bu\u010f najde zp\u016fsob, jak ukon\u010dit v\u00e1lku diplomatickou cestou, nebo riskuje, \u017ee se prom\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u011b\u010dn\u011b v\u00e1l\u010d\u00edc\u00ed st\u00e1t s rozvr\u00e1cenou ekonomikou.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

          Mgr. Petr Michal\u016f (p\u0159eklad \u010dl\u00e1nku z ru\u0161tiny) + Vladim\u00edr Carsk\u00fd<\/em><\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Od zvolen\u00ed V. Zelensk\u00e9ho prezidentem Ukrajiny v roce 2019, a zejm\u00e9na po vypuknut\u00ed plnohodnotn\u00e9ho konfliktu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":72761,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,122,26,1000],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79807"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79807"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79807\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":79809,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79807\/revisions\/79809"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/72761"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79807"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=79807"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=79807"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}