{"id":79714,"date":"2025-05-27T00:27:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-26T22:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=79714"},"modified":"2025-05-26T17:38:26","modified_gmt":"2025-05-26T15:38:26","slug":"uriel-araujo-rusko-cinska-arkticka-aliance-zpochybnuje-zapad-v-oblasti-bohate-na-zdroje-na-vysokem-severu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/05\/27\/uriel-araujo-rusko-cinska-arkticka-aliance-zpochybnuje-zapad-v-oblasti-bohate-na-zdroje-na-vysokem-severu\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: Rusko-\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 arktick\u00e1 aliance zpochyb\u0148uje Z\u00e1pad v oblasti bohat\u00e9 na zdroje na Vysok\u00e9m severu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Prohlubuj\u00edc\u00ed se arktick\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed Ruska a \u010c\u00edny, charakterizovan\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00fdmi n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edmi cvi\u010den\u00edmi a rozvojem Severn\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 cesty, p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdzvu pro dominanci Z\u00e1padu. Reakce NATO a budov\u00e1n\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly Kanady zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee se Arktika st\u00e1v\u00e1 geopolitick\u00fdm centrem.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Arktida je nyn\u00ed v centru pozornosti. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 report\u00e1\u017e BBC vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o tom, jak \u010c\u00edna, kter\u00e1 se ozna\u010duje za \u201et\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 arktick\u00fd st\u00e1t\u201c a \u010del\u00ed odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed v Evrop\u011b, prohlubuje vazby s Ruskem, kter\u00e9 \u201eovl\u00e1d\u00e1 ohromnou polovinu arktick\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed\u201c, a tak\u00e9 vojensky spolupracuje s Pekingem v tomto regionu, v\u010detn\u011b spole\u010dn\u00fdch hl\u00eddek. Mezit\u00edm Oliver Dieckmann (nez\u00e1visl\u00fd analytik \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 politiky p\u00ed\u0161\u00edc\u00ed pro The Diplomat)\u00a0<\/span>tvrd\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee \u010d\u00ednsko-rusk\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce v Arktid\u011b by se nem\u011bla podce\u0148ovat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato oblast, kdysi zamrzl\u00e1 hranice s omezen\u00fdm geopolitick\u00fdm v\u00fdznamem, se rychle st\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u011bji\u0161t\u011bm soupe\u0159en\u00ed velmoc\u00ed, kde taj\u00edc\u00ed led odhaluje obrovsk\u00e9 zdroje a tak\u00e9 eskaluje nap\u011bt\u00ed. Vzhledem ke zpr\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee Moskva a Peking budou v Arktid\u011b po\u0159\u00e1dat ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed, lze v nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch o\u010dek\u00e1vat \u010d\u00ednsko-rusk\u00e1 cvi\u010den\u00ed v t\u00e9to oblasti, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pobl\u00ed\u017e strategicky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 Severomo\u0159sk\u00e9 trasy. Tato cvi\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e1 \u00fadajn\u011b za\u010dala rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm cvi\u010den\u00edm \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Oce\u00e1n-24<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edm Tich\u00fd a Severn\u00ed ledov\u00fd oce\u00e1n, podtrhuj\u00ed prohlubuj\u00edc\u00ed se partnerstv\u00ed mezi Moskvou a Pekingem. Lze si p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee tato spolupr\u00e1ce p\u0159esahuje r\u00e1mec vojensk\u00fdch cvi\u010den\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Rusko a \u010c\u00edna se dohodly na z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 komise pro rozvoj Severomo\u0159sk\u00e9 trasy, co\u017e je krok, kter\u00fd p\u0159\u00edmo zpochyb\u0148uje z\u00e1padn\u00ed ambice v Arktid\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e1 rusko-\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 cvi\u010den\u00ed, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad ta v letech 2022 a 2023 pobl\u00ed\u017e Alja\u0161ky (nap\u0159. Northern\/Interaction 2023), zahrnovala oblasti soused\u00edc\u00ed s Arktidou, jako je Beringovo mo\u0159e, nebyla striktn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159ena na Arktidu. Cvi\u010den\u00ed v roce 2024 znamenalo jasn\u00fd posun sm\u011brem k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 arktick\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci, co\u017e je obrovsk\u00fd pokrok.<\/span><\/p>\n

O ambic\u00edch NATO militarizovat Arktidu p\u00ed\u0161u\u00a0<\/span>od roku 2021.<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst \u010d\u00ednsko-rusk\u00e9 aktivity v tomto regionu v roce 2024 je v mnoha ohledech\u00a0<\/span>reakc\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na rostouc\u00ed arktickou p\u0159\u00edtomnost Atlantick\u00e9 aliance. V ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 dob\u011b,\u00a0<\/span>podle<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Mathieu Boul\u00e8guea (glob\u00e1ln\u00edho \u010dlena Pol\u00e1rn\u00edho institutu Wilsonova centra), \u201evstup Finska a \u0160v\u00e9dska do NATO zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee se Rusko c\u00edt\u00ed zraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z vojensk\u00e9ho hlediska… Toto vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed zranitelnosti samo o sob\u011b ovlivn\u00ed, jak se Rusko v regionu prom\u00edt\u00e1… [to] zvy\u0161uje riziko chybn\u00e9ho odhadu a eskalace v m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se Arktid\u011b.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Je t\u0159eba m\u00edt tak\u00e9 na pam\u011bti, \u017ee Washington\u00a0<\/span>si n\u00e1rokuje velkou \u010d\u00e1st oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho dna<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, sahaj\u00edc\u00ed od Mexick\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu a\u017e po samotnou Arktidu (v kroku, kter\u00fd prob\u011bhl je\u0161t\u011b za Bidena). Toto nedostate\u010dn\u011b informovan\u00e9 jednostrann\u00e9 uchv\u00e1cen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ignoruje mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed normy, podtrhuje expanzivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je prosadit kontrolu nad p\u0159\u00edmo\u0159sk\u00fdmi \u00fazem\u00edmi bohat\u00fdmi na zdroje ve strategicky kritick\u00e9m regionu. A Trump se na stejn\u00e9 logice rozv\u00edj\u00ed sv\u00fdmi\u00a0<\/span>hrozbami<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ohledn\u011b Gr\u00f3nska a Kanady .<\/span><\/p>\n

Kanada sama mezit\u00edm posiluje svou\u00a0<\/span>arktickou p\u0159\u00edtomnost<\/span><\/a>\u00a0pl\u00e1ny na novou vojenskou z\u00e1kladnu\u00a0<\/span>v Iqaluitu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a dva dal\u0161\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed ledoborce<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kouzlo Arktidy spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 mimo jin\u00e9 v jej\u00edm nevyu\u017eit\u00e9m bohatstv\u00ed. Americk\u00e1 geologick\u00e1 slu\u017eba odhaduje, \u017ee se v regionu nach\u00e1z\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>90 miliard barel\u016f neobjeven\u00fdch ropy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a 30 % sv\u011btov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob zemn\u00edho plynu, spolu s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi lo\u017eisky nerostn\u00fdch surovin, kter\u00e9 jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro modern\u00ed technologie. S t\u00edm, jak klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny urychluj\u00ed t\u00e1n\u00ed ledu, jsou tyto zdroje st\u00e1le dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e Arktidu d\u00e1le prom\u011b\u0148uje v geopolitick\u00e9 centrum.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rusko s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm arktick\u00fdm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00edm a flotilou\u00a0<\/span>v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 ledoborc\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(v\u010detn\u011b osmi\u00a0<\/span>jadern\u00fdch<\/span><\/a>\u00a0) m\u00e1 dobrou pozici k tomu, aby t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed vyu\u017eilo. \u010c\u00edna, kter\u00e1 se ozna\u010duje za \u201et\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 arktick\u00fd n\u00e1rod\u201c, m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed projekty, shrnut\u00e9 v jej\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e9 knize \u201ePol\u00e1rn\u00ed hedv\u00e1bn\u00e1 stezka\u201c z roku 2018, kter\u00e1 Arktidu\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159edstavuje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jako kl\u00ed\u010dovou p\u0159epravn\u00ed trasu dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed jej\u00ed iniciativu P\u00e1s a stezka. Tato vize se v\u0161ak st\u0159et\u00e1v\u00e1 se z\u00e1jmy Z\u00e1padu, zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee Severomo\u0159sk\u00e1 trasa nab\u00edz\u00ed krat\u0161\u00ed obchodn\u00ed koridor mezi v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asi\u00ed a Evropou \u2013 potenci\u00e1ln\u011b by mohla zkr\u00e1tit dobu p\u0159epravy o 60 %\u00a0<\/span>ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00edmi trasami,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jako je Suezsk\u00fd nebo Panamsk\u00fd pr\u016fplav.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno, rusko-\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed v Arktid\u011b je p\u0159\u00edmou v\u00fdzvou pro hegemonii Z\u00e1padu. Rusk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 kroky spolu se spole\u010dn\u00fdmi cvi\u010den\u00edmi s \u010c\u00ednou signalizuj\u00ed p\u0159ipravenost prom\u00edtnout s\u00edlu a reagovat na v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bnou arktickou expanzi NATO. Investice Moskvy do zbran\u00ed, jako jsou Kin\u017eal a Cirkon, nazna\u010duj\u00ed jejich potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed v arktick\u00fdch cvi\u010den\u00edch k demonstraci technologick\u00e9 p\u0159evahy. Ledoborce, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed k\u00e1men moskevsk\u00e9 arktick\u00e9 strategie, byly pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed \u201eOcean-24\u201c a budou i nad\u00e1le hr\u00e1t kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli, kter\u00e1 umo\u017en\u00ed celoro\u010dn\u00ed navigaci a vojensk\u00e9 operace v drsn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Peking, a\u010dkoli v technologii ledoborc\u016f zaost\u00e1v\u00e1, usiluje o vlastn\u00ed plavidla s jadern\u00fdm pohonem, aby udr\u017eel krok.<\/span><\/p>\n

Arktida tak ji\u017e nen\u00ed okrajov\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem, ale \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem soupe\u0159en\u00ed velmoc\u00ed. Reakce NATO, vyvolan\u00e1 obavami z rusk\u00fdch dron\u016f a raketov\u00fdch kapacit pod\u00e9l Severn\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 trasy, zahrnuje v\u00fdvoj dron\u016f schopn\u00fdch letu do Arktidy a pos\u00edlen\u00ed dohledu. USA, i kdy\u017e zaost\u00e1vaj\u00ed pouze s hrstkou ledoborc\u016f, prosazuj\u00ed siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e kontroverzn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny prezidenta Trumpa na akvizici Gr\u00f3nska zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed strategick\u00fd v\u00fdznam regionu pro protiraketovou obranu a protiponorkov\u00e9 operace. Kanadsk\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dohledu pod ledem, a\u010dkoli skromn\u00e9, si klade za c\u00edl monitorovat aktivitu rusk\u00fdch a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch ponorek, co\u017e je kritick\u00fd probl\u00e9m vzhledem k roli Arktidy jako nejkrat\u0161\u00ed trasy pro rakety mezi Ruskou federac\u00ed a Severn\u00ed Amerikou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Partnerstv\u00ed Ruska a \u010c\u00edny v Arktid\u011b m\u016f\u017ee potenci\u00e1ln\u011b zm\u011bnit dynamiku glob\u00e1ln\u00edho obchodu a bezpe\u010dnosti. Severn\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e1 trasa s velkou ruskou p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed a pos\u00edlen\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdmi investicemi by mohla podkopat vliv USA na tradi\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed uzly, jako je Malack\u00fd pr\u016fliv nebo Suezsk\u00fd pr\u016fplav.<\/span><\/p>\n

Taj\u00edc\u00ed arktick\u00fd led tak nejen odhaluje zdroje, ale tak\u00e9 odhaluje zlomov\u00e9 linie v glob\u00e1ln\u00edch mocensk\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ch. Zat\u00edmco Ukrajina a Tchaj-wan dominuj\u00ed titulk\u016fm novin, Dalek\u00fd sever se ti\u0161e st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u00e1lkou pro soupe\u0159en\u00ed velmoc\u00ed. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost NATO, opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 investice Kanady a rusko-\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed signalizuj\u00ed region na pokraji zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee ledoborce raz\u00ed nov\u00e9 cesty a hypersonick\u00e9 st\u0159ely se r\u00fdsuj\u00ed jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159evratn\u00e9 faktory, Arktida jako nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed hranice vy\u017eaduje nal\u00e9havou pozornost \u2013 lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj v tomto regionu bude formovat geopolitickou krajinu na nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed desetilet\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD.<\/a> v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Prohlubuj\u00edc\u00ed se arktick\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed Ruska a \u010c\u00edny, charakterizovan\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00fdmi n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edmi cvi\u010den\u00edmi a rozvojem Severn\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":79715,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,116,30,22,1014],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79714"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79714"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79714\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/79715"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79714"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=79714"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=79714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}