{"id":78896,"date":"2025-05-16T00:18:06","date_gmt":"2025-05-15T22:18:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=78896"},"modified":"2025-05-15T13:31:27","modified_gmt":"2025-05-15T11:31:27","slug":"dokument-mmf-varuje-cbdc-by-mohly-vymazat-hotovost-navrat-je-sotva-mozny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/05\/16\/dokument-mmf-varuje-cbdc-by-mohly-vymazat-hotovost-navrat-je-sotva-mozny\/","title":{"rendered":"Dokument MMF varuje: CBDC by mohly \u201evymazat\u201c hotovost \u2013 n\u00e1vrat je sotva mo\u017en\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb4c2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-content\" data-id=\"1fb4c2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-content.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h3><strong>CBDC: Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny by mohly v\u00e9st k z\u00e1niku hotovosti \u2013 pracovn\u00ed dokument MMF<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>V\u0161echno ukazuje na bezhotovostn\u00ed spole\u010dnost, a\u0165 u\u017e z pohodlnosti nebo n\u00e1tlaku \u2013 cukrem nebo bi\u010dem. Podle pracovn\u00edho dokumentu MMF by digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny, jako jsou CBDC, mohly u\u010dinit hotovost zastaralou, a\u0165 u\u017e z politick\u00e9ho \u00famyslu nebo z tr\u017en\u00edch preferenc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>S rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm p\u0159ijet\u00edm digit\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn by hotovost mohla sd\u00edlet osud pt\u00e1ka dodo. Podle pracovn\u00edho dokumentu MMF \u201eMohly by digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny v\u00e9st k vymizen\u00ed hotovosti z trhu?\u201c by bylo \u201en\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 a n\u00e1kladn\u00e9\u201c o\u017eivit hotovost, jakmile se spole\u010dnost stane zcela bezhotovostn\u00ed. od Marco Pani a Rodolfa Maina.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eHotovost by mohla z trhu zmizet jako nezam\u00fd\u0161len\u00fd d\u016fsledek inovac\u00ed, jako je zaveden\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn centr\u00e1ln\u00edch bank, a to z d\u016fvodu nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 popt\u00e1vky, i kdy\u017e by takov\u00fd v\u00fdsledek nakonec vedl k neoptim\u00e1ln\u00edmu v\u00fdsledku.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Auto\u0159i tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee k z\u00e1niku hotovosti by mohlo doj\u00edt bu\u010f p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdmi politick\u00fdmi rozhodnut\u00edmi, nebo jako p\u0159irozen\u00fd d\u016fsledek inovac\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn.<\/p>\n<p>Argumentuj\u00ed: \u201eZaveden\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny v rozmanit\u00e9m platebn\u00edm ekosyst\u00e9mu \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b hotovosti, tradi\u010dn\u00edch platebn\u00edch karet a modern\u00edch elektronick\u00fdch pen\u011bz \u2013 kde pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed fyzick\u00e9 hotovosti ji\u017e prudce kles\u00e1, by mohlo v\u00e9st k \u00fapln\u00e9mu vymizen\u00ed hotovosti, i kdy\u017e to nen\u00ed c\u00edlem politick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Auto\u0159i analyzovali, jak obchodn\u00edci a z\u00e1kazn\u00edci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed hotovost a karty, a simulovali, jak by digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny mohly tyto platebn\u00ed metody doplnit nebo nahradit. Jsou zm\u00edn\u011bny t\u0159i sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>je nahrazena jedna z p\u0159edchoz\u00edch platebn\u00edch metod (bu\u010f hotovost, nebo karty);<\/li>\n<li>oba p\u0159edchoz\u00ed zp\u016fsoby platby budou nahrazeny;<\/li>\n<li>nebo digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed trvale vedle hotovosti a karet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u201eVzhledem k prudk\u00e9mu poklesu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hotovosti pro transakce, kter\u00fd byl v posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolika desetilet\u00edch pozorov\u00e1n ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b zem\u00ed, se mo\u017enost z\u00e1niku hotovosti nezd\u00e1 v\u016fbec nere\u00e1ln\u00e1.\u201c<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed identita jako p\u0159edpoklad pro CBDC<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Programovateln\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny, jako jsou CBDC, funguj\u00ed pouze tehdy, pokud je ka\u017ed\u00fd u\u017eivatel propojen s digit\u00e1ln\u00ed identitou. Krom\u011b toho lze tyto m\u011bny ovl\u00e1dat na d\u00e1lku, tak\u017ee lze automaticky ode\u010d\u00edtat dan\u011b nebo pokuty nebo zav\u00e1d\u011bt omezen\u00ed ohledn\u011b toho, co, kde a kdy lze n\u011bco koupit.<\/p>\n<p>Ji\u017e v listopadu 2024 MMF v politick\u00e9m dokumentu uvedl, \u017ee CBDC by mohly b\u00fdt pou\u017eity k vl\u00e1dn\u00edmu dohledu a p\u0159edstavovat rizika pro ochranu \u00fadaj\u016f a kybernetickou bezpe\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 podkop\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bru v pen\u00edze centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky:<\/p>\n<p>\u201eCBDC by mohly b\u00fdt vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako n\u00e1stroj vl\u00e1dn\u00edho dohledu. Existuj\u00ed obavy, \u017ee by vl\u00e1dy nebo centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky mohly omezovat nebo kontrolovat transakce, co\u017e by podkopalo d\u016fv\u011bru ve\u0159ejnosti \u2013 zejm\u00e9na v zem\u00edch se slabou spr\u00e1vou v\u011bc\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch a korupc\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Podle dokumentu MMF \u201eDigit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bna centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky: Pokrok a dal\u0161\u00ed \u00favahy\u201c:<\/p>\n<p>\u201eDigit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny centr\u00e1ln\u00edch bank by mohly zanechat digit\u00e1ln\u00ed stopu, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje, historii transakc\u00ed, demografick\u00e9 \u00fadaje a vzorce chov\u00e1n\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u201eTakov\u00e1 data by mohla vytvo\u0159it spojen\u00ed mezi identitou a transakcemi.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u201eZru\u0161en\u00ed hotovosti by mohlo z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska umo\u017enit sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e od vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch poplatk\u016f a n\u00e1klad\u016f pro u\u017eivatele a\u017e po hlubok\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy do \u017eivot\u016f lid\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Navzdory t\u011bmto obav\u00e1m MMF pracuje na p\u0159\u00edru\u010dce CBDC pro centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky a vl\u00e1dy, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 slou\u017eit jako z\u00e1klad pro implementaci. A\u010dkoli MMF nad\u00e1le tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny maj\u00ed \u201edopl\u0148ovat\u201c hotovost, je z\u0159ejm\u00e1 tendence k jejich vytla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>WEF: Hotovost by m\u011bla b\u00fdt nahrazena<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Na zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm zased\u00e1n\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho f\u00f3ra (WEF) v dubnu 2024 guvern\u00e9r Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky Bahrajnu Ch\u00e1lid Humajd\u00e1n uvedl, \u017ee c\u00edlem CBDC je nahradit hotovost a vytvo\u0159it \u201e100% digit\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c spole\u010dnost.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eP\u0159estaneme tomu \u0159\u00edkat digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bna centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky; bude to jednodu\u0161e digit\u00e1ln\u00ed forma hotovosti a na\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem je st\u00e1t se pln\u011b digit\u00e1ln\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u201eHotovost nab\u00edz\u00ed anonymitu a nez\u00e1vislost na zprost\u0159edkovatel\u00edch. Nevy\u017eaduje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 veden\u00ed z\u00e1znam\u016f, zapojen\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edch stran a nepodl\u00e9h\u00e1 d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 kontrole.\u201c<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Z\u00e1v\u011br pracovn\u00edho dokumentu MMF:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>A\u010dkoli MMF ofici\u00e1ln\u011b nedoporu\u010duje \u00fapln\u00e9 zru\u0161en\u00ed hotovosti, centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky a vl\u00e1dy se t\u00edmto sm\u011brem ji\u017e ub\u00edraj\u00ed. Blogov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek WEF ze z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2017 popisuje \u201epostupn\u00e9 zastar\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pap\u00edrov\u00fdch pen\u011bz\u201c jako c\u00edl dob\u0159e navr\u017een\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu CBDC.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud by hotovost skute\u010dn\u011b zmizela, jej\u00ed n\u00e1vrat by byl podle MMF obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fd a drah\u00fd. Auto\u0159i proto doporu\u010duj\u00ed proaktivn\u00ed politick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed relevance hotovosti.<\/p>\n<p>Pracovn\u00ed dokument MMF \u201eMohly by digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny v\u00e9st k vymizen\u00ed hotovosti z trhu?\u201c se objevil na ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch v b\u0159eznu 2025. P\u016fvodn\u011b byl publikov\u00e1n 19. \u00fanora 2024 v \u010dasopise\u00a0<em>International Advances in Economic Research<\/em>\u00a0pod n\u00e1zvem: \u201e\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11294-024-09888-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11294-024-09888-z\">Mohly by CBDC v\u00e9st k vyhynut\u00ed hotovosti? Poznatky z modelu \u201eobchodn\u00edk-z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u201c<\/a>\u00a0.\u201c<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c57238 quelle dc-has-condition dc-condition-empty elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c57238\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sociable.co\/government-and-policy\/cbdcs-digital-currencies-cash-extinction-imf\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CBDC: Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny by mohly v\u00e9st k z\u00e1niku hotovosti \u2013 pracovn\u00ed dokument MMF V\u0161echno ukazuje&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":78897,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[3677,1503,1504,90],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78896"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78896"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78896\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/78897"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78896"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=78896"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=78896"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}