{"id":78895,"date":"2025-05-16T00:17:12","date_gmt":"2025-05-15T22:17:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=78895"},"modified":"2025-05-15T13:28:51","modified_gmt":"2025-05-15T11:28:51","slug":"nejistota-ohledne-budoucich-cel-nadale-paralyzuje-ekonomiku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/05\/16\/nejistota-ohledne-budoucich-cel-nadale-paralyzuje-ekonomiku\/","title":{"rendered":"Nejistota ohledn\u011b budouc\u00edch cel nad\u00e1le paralyzuje ekonomiku"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Prezident Donald Trump vyhl\u00e1sil 2. dubna \u201eDen osvobozen\u00ed\u201c a ozn\u00e1mil novou celn\u00ed strategii. \u00dadajn\u011b m\u011blo za c\u00edl napravit obchodn\u00ed nerovnov\u00e1hu a chr\u00e1nit americk\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky a pr\u016fmysl. Ale toto opat\u0159en\u00ed bylo \u0161patnou reakc\u00ed na nepochopenou diagn\u00f3zu. Struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my americk\u00e9 ekonomiky nespo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm obchodu, ale v leg\u00e1ln\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch pob\u00eddk\u00e1ch pro finan\u010dn\u00ed spekulace a ve \u0161patn\u00e9m hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s v\u00fdrobou z\u00e1kladn\u00edho zbo\u017e\u00ed. Cla tento probl\u00e9m ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed \u2013 ve skute\u010dnosti ho zhor\u0161uj\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trumpova cla ignorovala ekonomickou realitu. Koncept, kter\u00fd za t\u00edm st\u00e1l, byl zalo\u017een na pochybn\u00e9 teorii jeho poradc\u016f. Dalo se p\u0159edv\u00eddat, \u017ee cel\u00e1 strategie zalo\u017een\u00e1 na celn\u00edch sazb\u00e1ch sel\u017ee.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna a dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b reagovaly vlastn\u00edmi sank\u010dn\u00edmi cly. Trhy vyvodily odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bry: Hodnota americk\u00e9ho dolaru klesla, stejn\u011b jako ceny na americk\u00fdch akciov\u00fdch trz\u00edch a americk\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch dluhopis\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ji\u017e 9. dubna byl Trump nucen ustoupit. Cla pro v\u011bt\u0161inu zem\u00ed byla pozastavena na 90 dn\u00ed \u2013 pouze pro \u010c\u00ednu byla zv\u00fd\u0161ena.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna na to zase okam\u017eit\u011b reagovala. O t\u0159i dny pozd\u011bji Trump ozn\u00e1mil dal\u0161\u00ed sta\u017een\u00ed: chytr\u00e9 telefony a po\u010d\u00edta\u010de byly op\u011bt osvobozeny od d\u0159\u00edve uvalen\u00fdch cel.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco spekulanti profitovali z nejistoty vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 Trumpovou nevyzpytatelnou celn\u00ed taktikou, tato nejistota p\u016fsobila na re\u00e1lnou ekonomiku jako paralyzuj\u00edc\u00ed jed. Rychle se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee cla zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 \u0161kody americk\u00e9 ekonomice.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trump se pot\u00e9 pokusil vyvinout tlak na \u010c\u00ednu novou obchodn\u00ed dohodou. Peking v\u0161ak odm\u00edtl zah\u00e1jit jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, dokud se cla nevr\u00e1t\u00ed na p\u0159edchoz\u00ed \u00farove\u0148.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato \u00fastupnost byla nakonec u\u010din\u011bna. Na v\u00edkendov\u00fdch rozhovorech v \u017denev\u011b USA op\u011bt ustoupily.<\/span><\/p>\n

Redakto\u0159i\u00a0<\/span>Wall Street Journalu<\/span><\/em>\u00a0se k tomu vyj\u00e1d\u0159ili:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eZ\u0159\u00eddka kdy byla n\u011bjak\u00e1 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 politika tak d\u016fkladn\u011b a rychle odm\u00edtnuta jako cla prezidenta Trumpa v Den osvobozen\u00ed \u2013 a to samotn\u00fdm panem Trumpem. Proto v pond\u011bl\u00ed r\u00e1no souhlasil se sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm sv\u00fdch sank\u010dn\u00edch cel v\u016f\u010di \u010c\u00edn\u011b \u2013 co\u017e je jeho druh\u00fd velk\u00fd \u00fastup za necel\u00fd t\u00fdden. Toto je v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed pro ekonomickou realitu a pro americkou prosperitu.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u0161ak:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201e\u0158ekn\u011bme, \u017ee je to \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed reality. Administrativa souhlasila se zru\u0161en\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161iny 145procentn\u00edch cel, kter\u00e9 Trump uvalil na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed 2. dubna a pot\u00e9. Zb\u00fdv\u00e1 mu nov\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed clo ve v\u00fd\u0161i 10 procent \u2013 \u200b\u200bnav\u00edc ke speci\u00e1ln\u00edmu 20procentn\u00edmu clu zalo\u017een\u00e9mu na roli \u010c\u00edny v obchodu s fentanylem, celkem tedy 30 procent. Peking na opl\u00e1tku sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed sv\u00e9 odvetn\u00e9 clo ze 125 procent na 10 procent. Dohoda je p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u011b platn\u00e1 90 dn\u00ed, zat\u00edmco pokra\u010duj\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

A to je st\u00e1le ten z\u00e1kladn\u00ed probl\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Redakto\u0159i uzav\u00edraj\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eT\u0159icetiprocentn\u00ed clo je pro v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edho partnera st\u00e1le mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vysok\u00e9, ale 90denn\u00ed odstoupen\u00ed zachr\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u011b strany p\u0159ed hroz\u00edc\u00edm ekonomick\u00fdm kolapsem. Ameri\u010dt\u00ed spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 \u010delili rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9mu nedostatku, zat\u00edmco \u010c\u00edna se ob\u00e1vala rostouc\u00ed nezam\u011bstnanosti.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Tyto p\u0159\u00edznaky se prozat\u00edm nezm\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed to jen extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysok\u00e9 clo ve v\u00fd\u0161i 30 procent \u2013 \u200b\u200bzejm\u00e9na u produkt\u016f s velmi n\u00edzk\u00fdmi ziskov\u00fdmi mar\u017eemi \u2013 co zabr\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm tov\u00e1rn\u00e1m ve zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdroby a americk\u00fdm maloobchodn\u00edk\u016fm v dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sob.<\/span><\/p>\n

Skute\u010dn\u00fdm jedem, kter\u00fd paralyzuje ekonomiku, je nejistota vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z 90denn\u00ed lh\u016fty pro tuto dohodu a absence jak\u00e9koli spolehliv\u00e9 perspektivy pro n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed obdob\u00ed. Kdo by si objedn\u00e1val \u0161koln\u00ed pot\u0159eby, kdy\u017e nikdo nev\u00ed, jak\u00e1 bude cena za t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce?<\/span><\/p>\n

Ekonom Paul Krugman s t\u00edm souhlas\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eProhibi\u010dn\u00ed clo nebylo zru\u0161eno, pouze pozastaveno. Nikdo nev\u00ed, co se stane za 90 dn\u00ed. Dlouhodob\u011b tvrd\u00edm, \u017ee nejistota vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 Trumpovou sv\u00e9volnou, neust\u00e1le se m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed celn\u00ed politikou je p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm stejn\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00e1 jako samotn\u00e1 cla. A nyn\u00ed se, pokud v\u016fbec n\u011bco, m\u00edra t\u00e9to nejistoty je\u0161t\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ila.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201eToto sta\u017een\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nep\u0159ijde v\u010das, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo vysok\u00fdm cen\u00e1m a pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdm reg\u00e1l\u016fm. I kdyby n\u00e1kladn\u00ed lod\u011b ze \u0160anghaje do Los Angeles \u2013 kter\u00e9 se prakticky zastavily \u2013 m\u011bly z\u00edtra odplout, zbo\u017e\u00ed by nedorazilo v\u010das, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sob.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201eI kdy\u017e je dobrou zpr\u00e1vou, \u017ee Trump zabrzdil pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u010das, ne\u017e mohl zcela zni\u010dit americkou ekonomiku, ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee toto rozhodnut\u00ed vr\u00e1tilo rozum do politick\u00e9ho procesu a \u017ee \u00e9ra vl\u00e1dnut\u00ed z rozmaru skon\u010dila, bude ho\u0159ce zklam\u00e1n.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

A pr\u00e1v\u011b s t\u00edmto hodnocen\u00edm lze jedin\u011b souhlasit.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

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Prezident Donald Trump vyhl\u00e1sil 2. dubna \u201eDen osvobozen\u00ed\u201c a ozn\u00e1mil novou celn\u00ed strategii. \u00dadajn\u011b m\u011blo…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":75563,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1026,59,45,452],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78895"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78895"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78895\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/75563"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78895"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=78895"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=78895"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}